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SAS 20
1. B
A decline in physical fitness is not a consequence of aging, according to the National Institute on Aging (NIA). Many frail older adults got that way because they stopped exercising. Many chronic health conditions are made worse by lack of physical activity. Even if you haven't been active, it's not too late to start. Be sure to check with your doctor before beginning an exercise program. Start slowly and build up gradually. That might mean exercising for only five to 10 minutes at first, but over several months, you can increase your time to 30 minutes a day.
2. B
Getting enough exercise during the day can actually help ease insomnia, according to the National Institute on Neurological Disorders and Stroke. It is best to avoid vigorous exercise in the evening before bedtime, as this can cause you to be more awake.
3. A
The NIA says that even if you must spend most of your time in a wheelchair, you can still exercise. Here's a sampling of exercises you should be able to do: flexibility exercises for fingers, wrists, and feet; neck extensions; simulated swimming strokes with your arms (crawl, breast stroke, back stroke) to stretch your shoulders; back stretches; leg extensions; and arm curls.
4. A
These are the core parts of any good exercise program, no matter what your age, the CDC says. Flexibility exercises help maintain your range of motion. As you age, your muscles tend to lose their elasticity, and tissues around the joints thicken. These exercises help counteract this, as well as slow down the development of arthritis. Strength training helps halt the loss of muscle tissue that occurs as you age and helps prevent back problems. Endurance exercise, also called aerobic exercise, boosts the health of your heart, lungs, and blood vessels, as well as giving you more energy. Weight-bearing aerobic exercise also can stimulate bone growth and make your bones healthier. Exercises to improve balance can reduce the chance of falling.
5. B
No matter what your age, if you sweat, it means you're losing fluids, the NIA says. It's important to drink water before, during, and after exercise. Your score was: 40%.
6. C
The most likely cause of sundowning is a disruption in circadian rhythms and keeping the patient active and in daylight will help to reestablish a more normal circadian pattern. Moving the patient to a different room might increase confusion. Taking a nap will interfere with nighttime sleep. Hourly orientation will not be helpful in a patient with memory difficulties. 7. C
Increased motor activity in a patient with dementia is frequently the patient's only way of responding to factors like pain, so the nurse's initial action should be to assess the patient for any precipitating factors. Administration of sedative drugs may be indicated, but this should not be done until assessment for precipitating factors has been completed and any of these factors have been addressed. Reorientation is unlikely to be helpful for the patient with moderate dementia. Assigning a nursing assistant to stay with the patient may also be necessary, but any physical changes that may be causing the agitation should be addressed first.
8. B
Although some individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) revert to normal cognitive function or do not go on to develop Alzheimer's disease (AD), those with MCI are at high risk for AD. No drugs have been approved for the treatment of MCI. A person with MCI is often aware of a significant change in memory.
9. D
Risk factors that can precipitate delirium include age > or = 65 yrs, male gender, & severe acute illness (e.g., heart failure). The 78yo man has the most risk factors for delirium.
10. B
Delirium is an acute process characterized by abrupt. spontaneous cognitive dysfunction.Option A:
Cognitive impairment disorders (dementia or delirium) are not normal consequences of aging.Option C would be characteristic of someone with dementia.Although Option D provides background data about the client. it is unrelated to the current problem of delirium.
