Chapter 46: Differential Equation (adv.

m2)
46.2 First Order Differential Equation
dy y
1. Solve the differential equation = , where x  0 , and given that y = 2 when x = 1 .
dx x
A. y = x B. 2 y = x C. y = 2 x D. y = x + 2 E. None of the above [C] [96]
dy
2. Solve the differential equation + 2 xy = 0 , given that y = 3 when x = 0 .
dx
A. y = 3e − x B. y = 2e − x C. y = 2e x D. y = 3e x E. y = 3e x
2 2 2 2 3
[A] [02]
dy
3. Solve the differential equation ( x + 1) + y = ln x , where y = 10 when x = 1 .
dx
A. y = ( x + 1) ln x − 1 B. ( x + 1) y = x ( ln x − 1) + 21 C. y ln x = x + 1
D. ( x + 1) y + ln x = 2 E. y = ( x + 1) ln ( x − 1) [B] [06]
−2 y
4. The gradient at a variable point ( x, y ) of a curve y = f ( x ) is given by . If the curve passes through the
x +1
point (1, 1), find the equation of the curve.
9 4
A. y = 8 ( x + 1) B. y = ( x + 1) C. y = D. y = x + 3 − 1 E. y =
3 2
[E] [07]
( x + 2) ( x + 1)
2 2

dy y  y

5. Solve the differential equation = 1+ .  ans : e x
= cx  [90]
dx x  
 
2
 
dy x 2 + y 2
y
 
6. Find the general solution of the differential equation = .  ans : e x  = Ax 2  [90]
dx xy  
dy
7. Use the substitution u = y − x , find the general solution of the differential equation ( y − x + 5) = y−x+2
dx
when x = 1, y = 1 , find the particular solution.  ans : ( y − x )2 + 10 ( y − x ) + 6 x − 6 = 0  [90]
 
dy
8. Find the general solution of the differential equation xy = 1 + y 2 , when x = 1, y = 1 , find the particular
dx
solution.  ans : y 2 = 2 x 2 − 1 [92]
dy 1 + cos y   −1  1 
9. Solve = , given that y = when x = 0 .  ans : y = 2 tan  2 x + 1  [93]
dx 2 2  
dy   1 
10. Solve x 2 − y 2 = 1 , given that y = 0 when x = 1 .  ans : y = tan 1 −   [94]
dx   x 
dy  2x 
11. Find y in term of x , given x = y ( y + 1) and y = 4 when x = 2 .  ans : y = [95]
dx  5 − 2 x 
dy 1
12. Find  x 2e− x dx . Hence, solve the differential equation = ( xy ) e− x for which y = when x = 0 .
2

dx 2
 ex 
 ans : − e −x
( x 2
+ 2 x + 2 ) + c ; y =
x + 2 x + 2 
2
[97]

dy
13. Use the substitution y = ux or otherwise, solve the differential equation x = y + x 2 , given that y = 0
dx
when x = −1 .  ans : y = x 2 + x  [00]

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   1 
− y tan x = sin x and y = 0 when x = , find the function y = f ( x ) .  ans : − cos 2 x sec x  [03]
dy
14. Given that
dx 4  4 
dy
15. Find y in terms of x , the particular solution of x − 2 y = x 3 ln x for which y = 2 when x = 1 .
dx
 ans : y = x3 ( ln x − 1) + 3x 2  [07]
dy
16. By using the integrating factor method, solve the differential equation x ( x + 1) + y = x +1 .
dx
 ans : xy = ( x + 1) ln A x + 1  [08]
46.3 Application of First Order Differential Equation
1. Among a population of N people, the number of the people x who have heard a certain rumour is treated as a
dx
differentiable function of the time t and the rate of diffusion = Kx ( N − x ) , where K is a constant. Suppose
dt
1
t is measured by days, K = and two people start a rumour at time t = 0 in the population of N = 1000
250
 1000e 4t 
 =
499 + e 4t 
people. a. find x which is a function of t; ans : x

b. how long will it take for the rumour to be heard by half the population?  ans :1.55days  [98]
2. In an electrical circuit, the total resistance R and self inductance L are being connected to an electrical source
of e.m.f. E, where R, L and E are constant. The relationship between the intensity of current i and time t is a
di
linear first order equation L + Ri = E . Find its general solution and also its particular solution when t= 0.
dt
 E R
− t E − t 
R

 ans : i = + ce L
; i =  1 − e L
  [99]
 R R  
3. Under certain conditions, the result of the movement of a substance in a solution across a cell membrane
dy A
is described by the differential equation = k ( C − y ) . In this equation, y is the concentration of the
dt V
dy
substance inside the cell and is the rate with which y changes over time. The letters k, A, V and C stand
dt
for constants where k is the permeability coefficient (a property of the membrane), A the surface area of the
membrane, V the volume of the cell and C the concentration of the substance outside the cell.
 − t
kA

 ans : y = c − ( c − y0 ) e 
v
a. Solve the differential equation for y(t), using y0 to denote y(0);
 
b. Find the steady-state concentration lim y ( t ) .
t →
 ans : c  [01]
4. An object cooled in water that has a constant temperature T0 . T is the temperature of the object at time t. The
rate of change of T at which the object cools at the time t is proportional to the temperature difference
between the object and the water (T − T0 ) ; that is
dT
= k (T − T0 ) (k is constant). The unit of temperature is
dt
in C and the unit of time is in seconds.
a. Prove that T = T0 + Cekt (c and k are constants);
b. Let the initial temperature of an object be 120 C . After it is placed for 30 seconds in water that is kept at a
constant temperature of 20 C , the temperature of the object decreases to 70 C .
i. Find the value of C.  ans :100
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 ii. Find the value of k (answer correct to 3 decimal places);  ans : −0.023
iii. How long (in seconds) will it take for the temperature of the object to decrease from 120 C to 40 C ?
 ans : 70s  [02]
5. Under certain conditions, cane sugar in water is converted into dextrose at a rate proportional to the mass of
sugar unconverted. Write out the differential equation concerned, If there are 100g of sugar at time t = 0 and
12g of it are converted into dextrose during the first 30mins, find the amount converted after 2 hrs.
 dq 
 ans : dt = k (100 − q ); 40 g  [03]
6. The mothball decreases by half in volume after volatilization every 4 weeks. In the beginning, the volume of
a mothball is 2 cm3 , the mothball is no longer effective when the volume reduces to 0.3cm3 . Find the
effective period of the mothball.  ans : about 11 weeks  [06]
46.4 Second Order Differential Equation
d2y dy
1. Find the general solution of the differential equation 2
+ 6 + 13 y = 0 .
dx dx
A. y = ( A + 2 x ) e3 x −3 x
B. y = Ae + Be −2 x
C. y = Axe−3 x + Be2 x
D. y = e 2 x ( A cos 3x + B sin 3x ) E. y = e −3 x ( A cos 2 x + B sin 2 x ) [E] [07]
d2y dy
2. Solve the differential equation 2
− 6 + 13 y = 0 .  ans : y = e3 x ( A cos 2 x + B sin 2 x )  [04]
dx dx
d2y dy
3. Find the particular solution of the differential equation 2
+ 4 + 4 y = 0 for which the curve of y passes
dx dx
through the point (0, 1) and has a stationary point at x =1. Determine whether this stationary point is a
minimum or a maximum point. [ans: y = e−2 x (1 − 2 x ) , min ] [09]

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