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What Is A Differential Equation

A differential equation is an equation that relates an unknown function with its derivatives. It can be ordinary, containing one independent variable, or partial, containing more than one independent variable. Differential equations are classified as linear or nonlinear based on whether they are linear in the unknown function and its derivatives. Linear differential equations are relatively easier to solve than nonlinear ones. Ordinary differential equations deal with functions of a single variable while partial differential equations involve functions of multiple variables. Examples of both ordinary and partial differential equations are provided.

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117 views5 pages

What Is A Differential Equation

A differential equation is an equation that relates an unknown function with its derivatives. It can be ordinary, containing one independent variable, or partial, containing more than one independent variable. Differential equations are classified as linear or nonlinear based on whether they are linear in the unknown function and its derivatives. Linear differential equations are relatively easier to solve than nonlinear ones. Ordinary differential equations deal with functions of a single variable while partial differential equations involve functions of multiple variables. Examples of both ordinary and partial differential equations are provided.

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MONIQUE UNICO
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1. What is a differential equation?

A differential equation is an equation that contains at least one derivative of an


unknown function, either an ordinary derivative or a partial derivative. Suppose the
rate of change of a function y with respect to x is inversely proportional to y, we
express it as dy/dx = k/y.
In calculus, a differential equation is an equation that involves the derivative
(derivatives) of the dependent variable with respect to the independent variable
(variables). The derivative represents nothing but a rate of change, and the
differential equation helps us present a relationship between the changing quantity
with respect to the change in another quantity. y=f(x) be a function where y is a
dependent variable, f is an unknown function, x is an independent variable. Here
are a few differential equations.
 (dy/dx) = sin x
 (d2y/dx2) + k2y = 0
 (d2y/dt2) + (d2x/dt2) =
x
 (d3y/dx3) + x(dy/dx) -
4xy = 0
 (rdr/dθ) + cosθ = 5

2. How do you differentiate Linear differential Equation and Non-linear


Differential Equations?

A differential equation, which has only the linear terms of the unknown or
dependent variable and its derivatives, is known as a linear differential equation.
It has no term with the dependent variable of index higher than 1 and do not
contain any multiple of its derivatives. It cannot have nonlinear functions such as
trigonometric functions, exponential function, and logarithmic functions with
respect to the dependent variable. Any differential equation that contains above
mentioned terms is a nonlinear differential equation. However, solutions of linear
differential equations create vector space and the differential operator also is a
linear operator in vector space. Thus, solutions of linear differential equations are
relatively easier and general solutions exist. On the other hand, nonlinear
equations, in most cases, the general solution does not exist and the solution may
be problem specific. This makes the solution much more difficult than the linear
equations.
3. What are the rules/theorems that you may use to identify the
difference?
https://math.jhu.edu/~lindblad/302/l6.pdf

4. Give 5 examples for each type.


https://www.myphysicslab.com/explain/classify-diff-eq-en.html
LINEAR:

 dy/dx + 2y = sin x
 dy/dx + y = e
 dy/dx = [1/(1+x3)] – [3x2/(1 + x2)]y
 dy/dx + (sec x) y = 7 
NON LINEAR: 4,5,6

5. What is and ordinary differential equation? How about partial differential


equation?
In mathematics, the term “Ordinary Differential Equations” also known
as ODE is an equation that contains only one independent variable and one or
more of its derivatives with respect to the variable. In other words, the ODE is
represented as the relation having one independent variable x, the real dependent
variable y, with some of its derivatives.
y’,y”, ….yn ,…with respect to x.

Order
The order of ordinary differential equations is defined to be the order of the highest
derivative that occurs in the equation. The general form of n-th order ODE is given
as;
F(x, y,y’,….,yn ) = 0
Note that, y’ can be either dy/dx or dy/dt and yn can be either dny/dxn or dny/dtn.
An n-th order ordinary differential equations is linear if it can be written in the
form;
a0(x)yn + a1(x)yn-1 +…..+ an(x)y = r(x)
The function aj(x), 0 ≤ j ≤ n are called the coefficients of the linear equation. The
equation is said to be homogeneous if r(x) = 0. If r(x)≠0, it is said to be a non-
homogeneous equation. 
A Partial Differential Equation commonly denoted as PDE is a differential
equation containing partial derivatives of the dependent variable (one or more)
with more than one independent variable. A PDE for a function u(x 1,……xn) is an
equation of the form

The PDE is said to be linear if f is a linear function of u and its derivatives. The
simple PDE is given by;
∂u/∂x (x,y) = 0 
The above relation implies that the function u(x,y) is independent of x which is the
reduced form of partial differential equation formula stated above. The order of
PDE is the order of the highest derivative term of the equation.

6. Give 5 examples for each (number 5.)


https://mathinsight.org/ordinary_differential_equation_introduction_examples
https://my.mech.utah.edu/~pardyjak/me2040/diffeqnclassification.pdf
https://byjus.com/maths/partial-differential-equation/
ODE:
1. Dx/dt=5x−3
2. Dx/dt= 5x−3
X (2) = 1

3. Dy/dx=7y^2x^3
Y (2) = 3
4. y’=2x+1
5. y y’+ y’+ x  + 1 = 0
4 2

PDE:
7. What expectation do
you have in Differential
Equation Subject?
I expect our subjects to
widen our knowledge about the topics being taught in these subjects. I expect our
subjects to provide us a holistic approach, real-life examples, and hands-on
training.
8. Choose one: I will pass the DE this semester or I will pass the DE next year.
I will pass the DE this semester

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