SAT Chemistry Eng-11-12 G Advanced

Collection of tasks for summative assessment for the term
on the subject "Chemistry"

Grades 11-12
(advanced level)
1
Grade 11
TASKS FOR THE SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT FOR THE TERM 1
Questions with Multiple Choice Answers
Section A
For each question there are four possible answers, A, B, C, and D. Choose the one you
consider to be correct.
1. Which one of the following statements is NOT correct about the proton to neutron ratio of an
atom?
A) It tells if the atom is likely to be stable.
B) If the ratio is too big, the atom undergoes nuclear decay.
C) If the ratio is between 1:1 and 1:2 the atom is within the region of stability.
D) If the ratio is too small, the atom will react vigorously with other elements.
[1]
2. Shielding is one of three factors affecting ionisation energy. Find the correct description of
shielding and its influence on ionisation energy.
A) When inner electrons blocking the nucleus and its attraction for outer electrons. The higher
the shielding effect, the lower the ionisation energy.
B) It means the distance between the outermost electron and the nucleus. The farther the
electron, the lower the ionisation energy.
C) It is the measurement of the energy needed to remove the electron from the outermost
occupied shell. The higher the shielding effect, the higher the ionisation energy.
D) It is the measurement of the energy needed to attract the electron from the atom of another
element. The higher the shielding effect, the lower the ionisation energy.
[1]
3. Find the net ionic equation for the reaction you get mixing 1M HCl and 1M NaOH:
A) Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq) → NaCl(s)
B) Na+(aq) + OH-(aq) → NaOH(s)
C) H+(aq) + Cl-(aq) → HCl(l)
D) H+(aq) + OH-(aq) → H2O(l)
[1]
4. Which one of the following structures is the metallic lattice?
A) B)
2
C) D)
[1]
5. What does lone pair mean?

A) It is a pair of non-valence electrons that are not shared with another atom.
B) It is a bonding pair of electrons.
C) It is a pair of valence electrons that are not shared with another atom.
D) It is a shared pair of electrons.
[1]
6. Which statement about formation of coordinate (dative covalent) bond is correct?

A) It is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms.
B) It is generated when both electrons come from the same atom.
C) Electrostatic forces of attraction create this type of bond.
D) It occurs when electrons are delocalized.
[1]
7. There are three types to show the electronic configuration of an element. Which type is
represented on the next picture?
A) Orbital diagram;
B) Noble gas configuration;
C) String of orbitals;
D) Orbitals.
[1]
8. Find the correct electronic configuration for Ga3+.
A) 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d8;
B) 1s22s22p63s23p64s03d10;
C) 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d74p1;
D) 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p1
[1]
Section B
For each of the questions in this section, one or more of the three numbered statements 1 to 3 may
be correct.
Decide whether each of the statements is or is not correct (you may find it helpful to put a tick
against the statements that you consider to be correct).
The responses A to D should be selected on the basis of
3
A B C D
1, 2 and 3 are 1 and 2 only are 2 and 3 only are 1 only is correct.
correct. correct. correct.
No other combination of statements is used as a correct response.
9. The next picture describes atomic structure according to the Quantum model of an atom.
Which statement(s) about atomic structure is (are) correct?
1. The main quantum number n shows the number of shells or a valence shell of an atom.
2. Each shell consists of one or more subshells, and each subshell consists of one or more
atomic orbitals.
3. Shape of s-orbital is described as a “sphere”, of p-orbital – as a “dumbbell”, and of d-
orbital as a “clover leaf”.
[1]
10. There is a picture showing the main parts of the mass spectrometer. Which statement(s) about
its stages and sample is (are) correct?
1. X is a gaseous sample;
2. Stage 4 is Detection;
3. Stage 3 is Acceleration.
[1]
4
11. Which statement(s) about electronegativity is (are) correct?
1. Electronegativity and ionisation energy have the same meaning and similar values.
2. Atomic size and shielding effect are factors affecting the electronegativity.
3. Electronegativity is the relative ability of a bonded atom to attract the shared electrons.
[1]
12. Compounds having giant covalent lattices are very important in industry and in our daily life.
Which statement(s) about macromolecular covalent lattices is (are) correct?
1. Graphite, diamond and silica are the well-known representatives of giant covalent structures.
2. Giant covalent lattices contain a lot of metal atoms, each joined to adjacent atoms by
covalent bonds.
3. All macromolecular covalent lattices conduct electricity very well.
[1]
Questions that require short or extended answers.

Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
13. There is no possible way to measure the weight of an atom since it is far too small to be
measured on the most sensitive of scales. However, each atom (and molecule) does contain a
definite quantity of matter, so atomic mass and molecular mass are the correct terms.
(i) Define the term “atomic mass”
[1]
(ii) The element lead has several stable isotopes. Calculate the relative atomic mass for
lead using the mass spectrometer data in the table below.
Isotope Peak height (intensity)

204
Pb 1.400
206
Pb 24.10
207
Pb 22.10
208
Pb 52.40
[2]
(iii) What is the molar mass of lead (IV) oxide? Use your answer to (ii) to make
calculations.
[2]
[Total: 5]
14. A sample of dichloromethane was analyzed in a mass spectrometer. The spectrum obtained is
shown below.
5
(i) It is known that Chlorine has two isotopes. The hydrogen involved here is the isotope
only. What particle is responsible for the peak at mass 49?
[1]
(ii) What particle is responsible for the peak at mass 86?

[1]
(iii) The distribution of isotopes is different. Write down the proportion (in %) of two
isotopes of chlorine.
[1]
(iv) Why chlorine has a relative atomic mass 35.5? Use calculations to answer this
question.
[1]
[Total: 4]
15. The chemical reaction involved in acid-base titration is known as neutralization reaction. How
many mL of a 0.5 mol∙dm-3 NaOH solution are required to completely neutralize 20.0 mL of
0.25 mol∙dm-3 H3PO4?
[5]
16. Hydrazine (N2H4) was used as the rocket fuel for the Apollo missions to the Moon. It is made
by reaction of ammonia (NH3) with sodium chlorate (NaOCl).
2NH3 + NaOCl → N2H4 + NaCl + H2O
Calculate the atom economy for this way of making hydrazine.
[1]
17. The information obtained by elemental analyzers is very important for different industries as it
helps to determine the structure of an unknown compound and to ascertain the structure and
purity of a synthesized compound. According to the data we have we can find the empirical
formula of an unknown compound. Define the term “empirical formula”.
[1]
18. A molecule has an empirical formula of C2H4O and its relative molecular mass is 88.12 g∙mol-
1
. What is the molecular formula of this molecule?
[2]
19. Suppose you are given a compound such as methyl acetate, a solvent commonly used in
paints, inks, and adhesives. When methyl acetate was analyzed in an elemental analysis test,
the compound was found to contain 48.64% carbon (C), 8.16% hydrogen (H), and 43.20%
oxygen (O). Determine the empirical formula of methyl acetate.
[4]
20. We use ionic compounds everyday and everywhere due to their specific properties.
(a) (i) How an ionic bond is formed?
[1]
(ii) There is a special zero-sum method for writing the ionic formulae. What does this
method mean?
[1]
(b) Describe solubility of ionic compounds in water. Draw the corresponding picture.
[2]
[Total: 4]
6
21. There are several types of intramolecular forces with different structure and properties.
Compare similarities and differences of physical properties of compounds with covalent,
ionic and metallic lattices to complete Venn diagram.
[8]
22. Intermolecular forces are the forces which mediate interaction between molecules, and thus,
are not less important than intramolecular forces.
(a) Hydrogen bonding is one of the type of intermolecular forces.
(i) Explain how this type of bonding is formed.

[1]
(ii) List not less than two examples of molecules which have hydrogen bonds.
[1]
(b) Another type of intermolecular forces is shown on the picture below.
(i) Name this type of bond.

[1]
(ii) Describe how this type of forces is generated.

[1]
(c) (i) List three types of intermolecular forces in order of decreasing of their strength starting
with the strongest one.
[1]
(ii) One factor affects strength of the force. This factor is almost absent in the compounds
which have the weakest intermolecular bond. What is it?
[1]
[Total: 6]
7
23. Predict the shapes of the following molecules by using the VSEPR theory.
A. BrF5 B. NH4+ C. SO3
_________________ _________________ _________________

[3]
24. Trends in atomic and ionic radii are very important, because these trends could explain other
different trends.
(a) Ionic size decreases across a period because of the decreasing of atomic radius. But there is
one exception which is different from atomic radius trend.
(i) State that difference.
[1]
(ii) Explain this trend.

[4]
[Total: 5]
8
Mark scheme
Task № Answer Mark Additional

information
1 D 1
2 A 1
3 D 1
4 C 1
5 C 1
6 B 1
7 A 1
8 B 1
9 A 1
10 B 1
11 C 1
12 D 1
13 (i) Atomic mass is the ratio of the average mass of one 1
atom of an element to one twelfth of the mass of an
atom of carbon-12.
13 (ii) Ar=Ʃ abundancies*masses/100% = 207,2 2 1 mark is for the
correct
calculations;
1 mark is for
correct answer
(significant
figures!)
13 (iii) Mr = Ʃ Ar = 239,2 2 1 mark is for the
correct
calculations;
1 mark is for
correct answer
(significant
figures!)
14 (i) CH235Cl+ 1
14 (ii) CH235Cl37Cl+ 1
14 (iii) 75% : 25% 1
14 (iv) Chlorine: Ar = (35∙75% + 37∙25%) / 100% = 35,50 1
15 1) H3PO4 + 3NaOH = Na3PO4+3H2O 1
2) C = n/V; n(H3PO4)=0.02dm-3∙0.25mol∙dm-3 = 1
=0.005moles
3) n(NaOH)=3*0.005moles=0.015moles 1
4) V(NaOH)=n/C=0.015moles/0.5mol∙dm-3=0.03dm3 1
5) Answer: 30 mL or cm3/ 0.03 L or dm3 1
16 Atom economy = M(hydrazine)/M(reactants) = 1
32/108,5 = 0.29 = 29%
17 Empirical formula of a chemical compound is the 1 Any similar
simplest positive integer ratio of atoms present in a answer is
compound. accepted.
18 1) M (C2H4O) = 44 g∙mol-1 1 The 2nd step does
2) Molar mass of the compound should be equal to 1 not require such
9
88.12 g∙mol-1. It means that the molar mass of a big
C2H4O should be multiplied by 2. Therefore, each explanation. It
element in the given empirical formula should be could be written
multiplied by 2 to give C4H8O2 as the molecular briefly.
formula.
19 1) For the purposes of determining empirical formula, 1 1 mark for each
we assume that we have 100 g of the compound. So correct step;
the percentages will be equal to the mass of each
element in grams. Change each percentage to an The 1st step does
expression of the mass of each element in grams. not require such
That is, 48.64% C becomes 48.64 g C, 8.16% H a big
becomes 8.16 g H, and 43.20% O becomes 43.20 g explanation. It
O. could be written
2) Convert the amount of each element in grams to its 1 briefly.
amount in moles.
3) Divide each of the found values by the smallest of 1

these values (2.7)
4) If necessary, multiply these numbers by integers in 1

order to get whole numbers; if an operation is done
to one of the numbers, it must be done to all of them.
Thus, the empirical formula of methyl acetate is

C3H6O2. This formula also happens to be methyl
acetate's molecular formula.
20 (a) (i) Ions are held together by the strong electrostatic 1
attractions between the positive and negative charges.
20 (a) (ii) Zero sum method: a rule which states that for neutral 1 Any similar
chemical formulae containing ions, the sum of positive answer is
valences plus negative valences of the atoms in a accepted.
compound must equal zero.
20 (b) Most ionic compounds are soluble in water due to 1 Any of two ways
polarity of the ionic bond. of drawing the
1 picture is
accepted.
10
or
21 1 mark for
correct
description,
comparison and
showing of each
of the listed
physical
properties;
Venn diagram
should look like
this one or
similar to it (with
1 correct
1 explanations).
(1) Physical state;
1
(2) Solubility;
1
(3) Boiling and melting points;
1
(4) Electrical and thermal conductivity;
1
(5) Malleability and ductility;
1
(6) Brittleness;
1
(7) Solubility in water;
(8) Solubility in organic solvents.
22 (a) (i) A hydrogen bond is formed between polar molecules 1
when the positive end of one molecule is attracted to the
negative end of another.
22 (a) (ii) HF and H2O 1 Any two correct
molecules are
accepted.
22 (b) (i) Van-der-Waals forces 1
22 (b) (ii) Dispersion forces are caused by momentary oscillations 1
of electron charge in atoms and, therefore, are present
between all particles (atoms, ions, and molecules).
22 (c) (i) Hydrogen bonding ˃ dipole-dipole bond ˃ van der 1
Waals forces
22 (c) (ii) Polarity 1
23 (iii) square pyramidal; 1
(iv) tetrahedral; 1
(v) trigonal planar. 1
24 (i) Ionic size increases from cations to anions. 1
24 (ii) The positive ions:
1) In each case, the ions have exactly the same 1
11
electronic structure - they are said to be
isoelectronic. 1
2) However, the number of protons in the nucleus of
the ions is increasing from the left to the right.
3) That will tend to pull the electrons more and more 1
towards the centre of the ion - causing the ionic radii
to decrease.
The negative ions:
From the left to right, the explanation is exactly the
same as for the cations.
Anions are larger than the cations because of extra shell. 1
Total 60
12
Section A
For each question there are four possible answers, A, B, C, and D. Choose the one you consider to
be correct.
1. Find the correct name for the following molecule in

accordance with the IUPAC nomenclature:
A) 3-ethyl-3-isopentylhexane;
B) 4,4-diethyl-5,6-dimethylheptane;
C) 4,4-diethyl-2,3-dimethylheptane;
D) 2,3-dimethyl-4,4-diethylheptane.
[1]
2. Find the correct statement about homologous series:
A) Homologues are the organic compounds whose structures differ only by the number of CH2
units in the main carbon chain.
B) Homologues are the organic compounds which have the same number of atoms, but
different structures.
C) Homologues are some inorganic compounds whose structures and chemical properties are
similar.
D) Homologues are the inorganic compounds with the same number of atoms, but different
structures.
[1]
3. Which functional group from the listed below is responsible for alcohols?
A) B)
C) D)
[1]
4. The process is described as an endothermic with absorption of some amount of heat. Find the
corresponding picture.
13
A) B)
C) D)
[1]
5. Find the correct statement about bond enthalpy:
A) The average amount of energy liberated when a bond is broken.
B) The average amount of energy absorbed when a bond is broken.
C) The average amount of energy liberated when a bond is formed.
D) The average amount of energy absorbed when a bond is formed.
[1]
6. What does the rate constant mean?

A) It is defined as the index, or exponent, to which the concentration of substance in the rate
equation is raised.
B) The initial rate is measured by determining the slope of the line tangent to the curve at t=0 s.
The slope is called as rate constant.
C) It means the instantaneous rate at the moment the reactants are mixed.
D) The curve at t=0 s represents the rate constant for the corresponding reaction.
[1]
7. What is the order of the reaction with respect to each reactant for the following termolecular
reaction?
Rate =
A) [A] = 2, [B] = 0, [C] = 1;
B) [A] = 2, [C] = 1;
C) [A] = 2, [B] = 1, [C] = 1;
D) [A] = 2, [C] = 0.
[1]
14
8. The picture below shows how changes in concentration affect the reaction rate according to the
order of the reaction. Match each curve with the corresponding order.
A) Zero order of the reaction;

B) First order of the reaction;
C) Second order of the reaction;
D) Third order of the reaction.
1–
2–
3–
[1]
9. Change of which condition for the following reaction will favor the formation of the products?
A) Increasing the pressure;

B) Increasing the temperature;
C) Adding a catalyst;
D) Decreasing the pressure.
[1]
10. Change of which condition for the following reaction will shift the equilibrium to the reactant‟s
side?
CO(g) + 2H2(g) ↔ CH3OH(g) ∆Hrxn = - 90.7 kJ
A) Decreasing the temperature;
B) Decreasing the pressure;
C) Increasing the temperature;
D) Adding a catalyst.
[1]
Section B
For each of the questions in this section, one or more of the three numbered statements 1 to 3 may
be correct.
A B C D
15
11. Find the correct statement(s) about enthalpy change of a reaction.
1. The transfer of heat can be measured in a calorimeter;
2. Bond-breaking is an endothermic process, while bond-making is an exothermic process;
3. Hess law is expressed as H1 - H2 = H3
[1]
12. There is a picture showing Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. Which statement(s) about this
picture is (are) correct?
1. 1 is Kinetic energy, and 2 is Fraction of molecules;

2. 3 is Activation energy;
3. 4 is Lower temperature, and 5 is Higher temperature.
[1]
13. Which statement(s) about order of the reaction is (are) correct?

1. Order of the reaction with respect to a given substance is defined as the index, or exponent, to
which its concentration term in the rate equation is raised.
2. The reaction orders are always equal to the stoichiometric coefficients.
3. Order of the reaction with respect to any substance cannot be equal zero.
[1]
14. Catalysts are used very often in different industrial processes. Such processes are called as
catalysis. Which statement(s) about catalysts and catalysis is (are) correct?
1. A catalyst doesn‟t participate in a reaction.
2. Catalysis is an acceleration of a chemical reaction without a catalyst being consumed.
3. A catalyst provides an alternative route for the reaction with lower activation energy.
[1]
15. The picture below shows how the concentration of the reactant changes during each 10 minutes.
Find the correct statement(s) which describe(s) the
graph better.
1. This graph represents the half-life for the

reaction.
2. Half-life for this process does not depend on
the initial concentration [A]0.
3. This is the second-order reaction.
[1]
16. There are two types of catalysts: homogeneous

and heterogeneous? Find reaction(s) which
represent homogeneous catalysis.
1. C12H22O11 + H2O → C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 (H2SO4 as a catalyst)
2. 2H2O2 → 2H2O + O2 (MnO2 as a catalyst)
3. 2SO2 + O2 → 2SO3 (V2O5 as a catalyst)
[1]
16
17. Almost all of the organic compounds have the ability to exist in different forms. Due to this
phenomenon called as isomerism there is that wonderful diversity of organic compounds.
(a) All of the isomers are classified. Complete the next diagram which depicts this
classification.
[2]
(b) Draw and name all of the possible isomers for the molecule of hexane, including n-
hexane.
[5]
(c) How the isomers could be obtained industrially? Give the name to that process.
[1]
[Total: 8]
18. Crude oil is a naturally occurring, unrefined petroleum product composed of hydrocarbon
deposits and other organic materials. It is one of the most important types of fossil fuel.
(a) Oil refining processes are used to get different oil products.
(i) Describe the primary refining process of crude oil. How is this process called?
[2]
(ii) Deduce an equation for the cracking of C11H24 in which an alkene and an alkane
are formed in the ratio 3:1.
[1]
(b) A lot of hydrocarbons mostly containing alkanes are used as a fuel.

(i) Explain why alkenes are not used as a fuel?
[2]
(ii) Write the balanced chemical equation for the combustion of octane:
[1]
(iii) Name the main environmental problem caused by the burning process of
hydrocarbons.
[1]
[Total: 7]
17
19. Hess's law can be used for calculating the formation of ionic compound from its ions. In this case
it is called as Born-Haber cycle.
(i) Draw the Born-Haber cycle for the formation of LiF compound.
[7]
(ii) Write the formula for calculation of enthalpy of formation:

[1]
[Total: 8]
20. Look at the following reaction:

2A + B → C
(i) Determine the order of the reaction with respect to A and B from the information given
below:
[A] /moldm-3 [B] /moldm-3 Initial rate /moldm-3s-1

0.100 0.010 2.0
0.100 0.030 18.1
0.050 0.030 8.9
A: _________________________ B: _________________________
[2]
(ii) From the reaction in (i), determine the rate law and rate constant for the reaction.
[3]
[Total: 5]
21. Metals and their oxides are used as catalysts in various different reactions.
(i) Describe the process of ethene adsorbing to the surface of nickel catalyst.
[2]
(ii) Draw a diagram showing the following reaction on a nickel catalyst:

C2H4 + H2 → C2H6
[4]
[Total: 6]
22. Write down the formula for the equilibrium constant:

[1]
18
23. Calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction of hydrogen iodide decomposition as shown
below, if the initial concentration of HI is 0.100 mol∙dm-3 and the concentration at equilibrium is
0.078 mol∙dm-3:
2HI(g) ⇌ H2(g) + I2(g)
[5]
24. Equilibrium and equilibrium constant are affected by changing of several factors. To answer the
question about their affect fill in the following table using the words YES / NO:
Change of the factor Shift equilibrium Change equilibrium

constant
Concentration
Pressure / Volume
Temperature
Catalyst
[4]
19
Mark scheme

information
1 C 1
2 A 1
3 D 1
4 C 1
5 B 1
6 B 1
7 A 1
8 1B; 2A; 3C 1
9 A 1
10 A 1
11 B 1
12 A 1
13 D 1
14 C 1
15 B 1
16 D 1
17 (a) 2 One mark for
any two correct
answers;
Accept any
similar correct
answers.
17(b) 1 One mark for

the formula and
the
1 corresponding
name;
Accept correct
1 skeletal
structures;
Do not accept a
1 formula without
its name
Salvage (1
mark) if all of
1 the structures or
names are
correct
17 (c) By the isomerization / isomerisation process; 1

20
18 (a) (i) Fractionation process / Distillation process / Fraction 1
distillation process
Is the separation process which is based on the different 1
boiling points of the components of crude oil
18 (a) (ii) 3C3H6 + C2H6 1
18 (b) (i) The combustion of alkenes becomes more difficult and 1
produces more soot when the size of the alkenes
molecules increases.
Alkenes could be polymerized before the beginning of 1
the combustion process.
18 (b) (ii) 2C8H18 + 25O2 → 16CO2 + 18H2O 1
18 (b) (iii) Increasing of CO2 in the atmosphere / “Greenhouse 1
effect”
19 (i) 7 One mark for
each correct
step (overall 6
marks)
One mark for

all of the
enthalpies
written in a
correct way.
Accept Hatom
(Hat) for F2
(in the 2nd step)
19 (ii) Hf = Hatom (Li) + ½ Hatom of F2 + HIE1 (Li) + 1 Ecf for any of
+HEA (F) + Hlattice the enthalpies is
applicable
20 (i) a) A: first, B: second 2 One mark for
each correct
order
20 (ii) b) rate = k [A][B]2 k=2.0*105 1/M2s 3 One mark for
rate;
One mark for
correct k;
One mark for
correct unit
21 (i) Ethene molecules are bonded to the surface of nickel by 1
the pi-bond.
The pi bond is broken. 1
21 (ii) 4 One mark for
each correct
picture
21
22 1 Do not accept
without powers
23 5 One mark for

Initial
concentration;
One mark for

Change
concentration;
One mark for

Equilibrium
concentration;
One mark for

correct x;
One mark for

correct Kc
24 4 Each mark for 2
Change of the Shift Change correct answers
factor equilibrium equilibrium
constant
Concentration yes no
Pressure/volume yes no
Temperature yes yes
Catalyst no no
Total 60
22
Section A
be correct.
1. Find the correct test for alkenes:

A) Silver mirror reaction;
B) Bromine water decolorization;
C) Reaction with silver nitrate to form white precipitate;
D) Milk of magnesia decolorization.
[1]
2. What is the correct IUPAC name for the following compound:
A) (Z)-4-methylpent-2-ene;
B) (E)-4-methylpent-2-ene;
C) (Z)-2-methylpent-3-ene;
D) (Z)-4-methylprop-2-ene.
[1]
3. Which row shows the nucleophiles?
A) NH3; H3O+; CN-;
B) BF3; Br2; NH3;
C) OH-; CN-; NH3;
D) NH3; H+; H3O+.
[1]
4. Find the correct products of dehydration of heptan-1-ol:
A) C7H16 and H2O;
B) C3H8 and C4H8;
C) C6H12 and H2O;
D) C7H14 and H2O.
[1]
5. Which statement about biofuels is NOT correct?
A) Biofuels are made by fermentation of sugars derived from wheat, corn, sugar beets, sugar
cane, molasses and any sugar or starch from which alcoholic beverages such as whiskey,
can be made (such as potato and fruit waste, etc.).
B) Fermentation is considered as inefficient process, because it is a batch process which
requires a lot of time.
C) Using biofuels we still produce CO2 emissions, and we still need to reduce amount of CO2
gas in the atmosphere.
D) Biofuels are burned without formation of CO2. Therefore, the products of biofuel
combustion have no bad effect on the environment.
[1]
6. Find the correct product(s) of oxidation of 2-methylbutan-2-ol.

A) No reaction occurs.
B) 2-methylbutanal and water;
C) 2-methylbutanoic acid;
D) 2-methylbutan-2-one and water.
[1]
23
7. Haloalkanes are used very often as intermediates in organic synthesis. But not all of them
undergo different reactions easily. Which statement about reactivity of haloalkanes is NOT
correct?
A) Bond strength falls as you go from C–F to C–I;
B) Iodoalkanes are the least reactive;
C) The carbon-fluorine bond is stronger than the rest;
D) Reactivity depends on the strength of the bonds which have to be broken. The stronger the
bond, the less reactive the compound.
[1]
8. Haloalkanes can react with the following ions and compounds. Deduce which type of the
reaction haloalkanes will undergo with them.
A) Elimination;
B) Nucleophilic substitution;
C) Electrophilic addition;
D) Nucleophilic addition.
[1]
9. What is the main problem caused by using of CFCs?
A) CFCs react with water droplets in the atmosphere to form acid rains.
B) Products of CFCs decomposition under UV-light are responsible for the ozone layer
destroying.
C) Large amount of the UV-light comes from the space and especially from the Sun without
being reflected by the Earth surface due to presence of CFCs in the atmosphere. CFCs absorb
UV-light causing the Greenhouse effect.
D) IR-radiation being released by the Earth is absorbed by CFCs causing the Greenhouse effect.
[1]
10. Which compounds can be used as less environmentally damaging substitutes for haloalkanes?
A) HCFC, hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide;
B) Halogens, HFC, hydrocarbons;
C) Ammonia, carbon dioxide, halogens;
D) Nitrogen, ammonia, carbon monoxide.
[1]
11. Sometimes on the mass spectra obtained by detector of the mass spectrometer we can see one
small peak near to the big one (as it is shown on the picture below). It is called as M+1 peak.
What causes this extra peak?
24
A) The M+1 peak is caused by the presence of unstable 14C isotope in the molecule;
B) The M+1 peak is caused by the presence of stable 37Cl isotope in the molecule;
C) The M+1 peak is caused by the presence of stable 13C isotope in the molecule;
D) The M+1 peak is caused by the presence of unstable 13C isotope in the molecule.
[1]
12. Infrared-spectroscopy is based on infrared frequencies absorption by a molecule. Find NOT

correct statement about this process.
A) There are different types of vibration.
B) The frequencies at which bonds vibrate are in the infra-red region of the electromagnetic
spectrum.
C) All bonds vibrate at a characteristic frequency.
D) The frequency depends on the type of vibration, but does not depend on the mass of the atoms
forming the bond and the bond strength.
[1]
Section B
For each of the questions in this section, one or more of the three numbered statements 1 to 3
may be correct.
A B C D
13. Find the correct statement(s) about carbon neutrality.

1. Carbon neutrality is a term used to describe the action of organizations, businesses and
individuals taking action to remove as much carbon-containing compounds from the Earth
and the atmosphere as possible.
2. One of the ways to reduce carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is to grow biomass.
3. Balancing released carbon with an equivalent amount of carbon bound (sequestered,
absorbed) to achieve net zero carbon emissions. [1]
14. When compound X was oxidised by acidified potassium dichromate, compound Y was formed.
Then several ml of Fehling‟s solution was added. The blue solution produced a dark red
precipitate. Find the correct statement(s) about the products formed as a result of the listed above
reactions.
1. Compound Y is an aldehyde;
2. In the last reaction carboxylic acid was formed;
3. Compound X is a secondary alcohol.
[1]
25
15. Haloalkanes undergo both substitution and elimination reaction. Type of the reaction depends on
several factors. Find the correct conditions for elimination reaction:
1. Primary haloalkane in water;
2. Tertiary haloalkane in ethanol;
3. Using of high concentration of potassium hydroxide.
[1]
16. Find the correct conditions for substitution reaction for haloalkanes:
1. Secondary haloalkane in water under low temperature;
2. Secondary haloalkane under high temperature;
3. Tertiary haloalkane with high concentration of potassium hydroxide.
[1]
17. Halogenoalkanes are one of the most important compounds in the chemical industry and used for
many purposes. Find the correct statement(s) about their usage:
1. As monomers of plastics;
2. As intermediates in alcohol synthesis;
3. As intermediates to produce alkanenitriles.
[1]
18. Chlorofluorocarbons have been banned since 1996 due to their harmful effect on the
environment. But earlier CFCs were used:
1. As refrigerants and propellants for aerosols mostly known as Freon®;
2. For generating foamed plastics like expanded polystyrene or polyurethane foam;
3. As solvents for dry cleaning and for general degreasing purposes.
[1]
19. Gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) is a common type of chromatography used in analytical

chemistry. Find the correct statement(s) about GLC.
1. GLC is used for separating and analyzing compounds that can be vaporized by
decomposition;
2. Carrier gas is used as a mobile phase in this technique. The stationary phase is a microscopic
layer of liquid or polymer on an inert solid support.
3. GLC equipment can be combined with the mass spectrometer for further analysis of a sample.
Therefore, GLC can be used as an initial step in the analysis of different compounds.
[1]
26
20. Alkenes are unsaturated compounds. Therefore, they easily undergo electrophilic addition
reactions.
(a) One of the examples of such types of reactions is addition of sulfuric acid to ethene.
(i) Write down the mechanism for this reaction.
[5]
(ii) Deduce the name of the product.

[1]
(b) The way of electrophilic addition is different for asymmetric alkenes. It undergoes a special
rule.
(i) Name this rule and write down its definition:
[2]
(ii) Write down the mechanism for the reaction of hept-1-ene with hydrochloric acid
and name the product.
[5]
(iii) Which step of the mechanism of this reaction is faster?
[1]
(iv) Draw the formula of the minor product.

[1]
[Total: 15]
21. Alcohols have a lot of different applications. Some of their phenyl-containing derivatives are
used as photo initiators in UV-curing applications such as inks, imaging, and clear coatings in
the printing industry and etc. Some of them are used to produce other useful organic
compounds. Complete the following table by drawing the formulae of such phenyl-
containing compounds made during the corresponding reactions of organic synthesis.
Reactants Reactants
Reactant /
Reactant / Product and Reactant / Product and
Product
conditions conditions
K2Cr2O7/ Tollens‟
H+ → reagent →
← NaBH4 ← NaBH4
(aq) (aq)
K2MnO4/ K2Cr2O7/
H+ → H+ →
27
← NaBH4 ← NaBH4
(aq) (aq)
Fehling‟s
K2MnO4/
solution
H+ →
→
No reaction No reaction
← NaBH4 ← NaBH4
(aq) (aq)
[5]
22. Since haloalkanes are used in organic synthesis as intermediates, we can produce amines being
one of the most important products for pharmaceutical industry. Amines are inorganic
derivatives of ammonia and so they are characterized by a distinctive unpleasant smell that is
very similar to rotting fishes. Morphine and Demerol are used as analgesics that are pain
killers. Novocaine is used as anesthetic and Ephedra is a very common decongestant.
(i) Write the mechanism of the reaction between bromoethane and ammonia to produce
amine:
[5]
(ii) What is the name of this mechanism?

[1]
[Total: 6]
23. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy provides information about the number and
types of atoms in a molecule, and how they are connected. NMR is able to provide information
on the types of functional groups present as each has a characteristic chemical shift range.
(a) The following molecule was analyzed with 13C-NMR and low resolution 1H-NMR
spectroscopy.
(i) How many peaks did the 13C-NMR spectrum show?

[1]
(ii) What was the ratio of integrals in the 1H-NMR spectrum?

[1]
To answer the following questions use the table for proton chemical shifts
28
(b) A chlorinated organic molecule (CmHnCl) was analysed with high resolution 1H-NMR and
the following spectrum was obtained.
(i) Using the labeled peaks (a-g), explain why the molecule cannot be chloromethane.
[2]
(ii) Looking at the peaks (e-g), explain what information they provide.
[2]
[Total: 6]
24. Mass spectrometry represents a powerful technique with a myriad of different applications in
biology, chemistry, and physics, but also in clinical medicine and even space exploration. The
mass spectrum of one of the organic compounds is shown below.
29
(i) It is known that the compound is unsaturated. In addition, it consists of C=O group.
Several peaks of it are depicted on the picture above. Each peak is responsible for its
molecular ion. Draw the corresponding formulae.
Peak Formula
25
40
55
83
98
[5]
(ii) Which formula is responsible for the whole molecule? What is the IUPAC name of this
organic compound?
[1]
(iii) What does fragmentation mean?
[1]
(iv) Where in the mass spectrometer does fragmentation occur and why?
[2]
[Total: 9]
30
Mark scheme

information
1 B 1
2 A 1
3 C 1
4 D 1
5 D 1
6 A 1
7 B 1
8 B 1
9 B 1
10 A 1
11 C 1
12 D 1
13 C 1
14 B 1
15 C 1
16 D 1
17 A 1
18 A 1
19 C 1
20 a) (i) 5 One mark for
correct
formula of
sulfuric acid
(H-OSO2OH)
Accept
H-OSO3H
One mark for

1) Correct formula of ethene; any two listed
2) Correct arrow from C=C to H; points (overall
3) Correct arrow from bond to OSO2H; four)
4) Carbocation (C+);
5) Negative charge on OSO2OH; E.c.f.
6) Lone pair on oxygen atom in –OSO2OH;
7) Correct arrow from –OSO2OH to carbocation;
8) Correct formula of the product.
20 (a) (ii) Ethyl hydrogensulphate 1
20 (b) (i) Markovnikov‟s rule 1 Accept any

correct
In an addition reaction of a protic acid HX (hydrogen chloride, 1 explanation
hydrogen bromide, or hydrogen iodide) to an alkene or alkyne, the
hydrogen atom of HX becomes bonded to the carbon atom that had
the greatest number of hydrogen atoms in the starting alkene or
alkyne.
31
20 (b) (ii) 5 One mark for
any two listed
points (overall
five)
E.c.f
1) Correct formula of hept-1-ene;

2) Correct formula of HCl;
3) Correct arrow from C=C to H;
4) Correct arrow from H–Cl bond to Cl;
5) Carbocation (C+);
6) Negative charge on Cl;
7) Lone pair on chlorine ion;
8) Correct arrow from –Cl to carbocation;
9) Correct formula of the product;
10) Correct name of the product (2-chloroheptane).
20 (b) (iii) 2nd step 1

20 (b) (iv) 1-chloroheptane 1
21 5 One mark for
Reactants Reactants Reactant each correct
Reactant / Reactant /
and and / formula or
Product Product
conditions conditions Product “no reaction”
K2Cr2O7/H+ K2Cr2O7/H+
→ → Accept any
No
tertiary
← NaBH4 ← NaBH4 reaction
alcohol with
(aq) (aq) at least one
phenyl radical
K2MnO4/H+ Tollen‟s
→ reagent → Accept any
type of
← NaBH4 ← NaBH4 formula
(skeletal,
(aq) (aq)
structural, and
K2MnO4/H+ Fehling‟s displayed).
→ solution →
No Do not accept
No reaction just names of
reaction
← NaBH4 ← NaBH4 the
(aq) (aq) compounds
without the
corresponding
formula.
32
any two listed
points (overall
five)
E.c.f
1) Correct formulae of bromoethane and ammonia;

2) Lone pair on N atom in ammonia;
3) Correct arrow from lone pair of N to C;
4) Correct arrow from C–Br bond to Br;
5) Negative charge on Br;
6) Correct arrow from H–N bond to N;
7) Positive charge on N;
8) Dotted lines to show C∙∙∙∙Br and C∙∙∙∙N+ bonds;
9) Correct formula of the product;
10) Br- and H+ are somewhere in the solution.
22 (ii) SN2 / Bimolecular nucleophilic substitution 1 Do not accept

“substitution”/
“nucleophilic
substitution”
23 (a) (i) 3 1
23 (a) (ii) 6:2 or 3:1 1
23 (b) (i) There are two peaks 1
Which means that there are at least two different environments for 1
hydrogens / min. two carbons
23 (b) (ii) It is a triplet 1
These hydrogens are next to a CH2 1
Peak Formula each correct
formula
25 Accept any
correct
combination
40 Do not accept
molecular
ions without
positive
charges
55
83
33
98
24 (ii) 4-methyl-pent-3-en-2-one 1 E.c.f.

24 (iii) Fragmentation is the dissociation of energetically unstable molecular 1 Accept
ions formed from passing the molecules in the ionization chamber of dividing the
a mass spectrometer. molecules
Accept
without
ionization
chamber
24 (iv) It occurs in the ionization chamber 1 Accept
A sample is ionized by bombarding it with electrons released from 1 without
the electron gun electron gun
Total 60
34
Section A
be correct.
1. Find the correct statement about redox processes:

A) Reducing agent gains electrons.
B) Oxidizing agent is reduced by gaining the electrons.
C) Reducing agent is reduced during the reaction.
D) Oxidizing agent and the reactant are both oxidized.
[1]
2. Which statement about different cells used in electrochemistry is NOT true?

A) Galvanic cells give some energy that is why they are used as batteries.
B) In electrolytic cells energy is released from spontaneous redox reaction.
C) In electrochemical cell anode is a negatively charged electrode.
D) Voltaic cell does not need any power supply.
[1]
3. Electrode potential, E, is the electromotive force of a cell built of two electrodes. Find the correct
statement about electrode potential.
A) Standard conditions for E⦵ are C = 1M, p = 105 Pa (1 atm), T = 273K
B) Reducing ability of the reactant does not depend on the value of E
C) The lower the half-cell E, the greater the oxidizing ability
D) Ecell = Ecathode − Eanode
[1]
4. Chlorine undergoes disproportionation reaction with sodium hydroxide. What does

disproportionation reaction mean?
A) It is a redox reaction in which one species undergoes both oxidation and reduction.
B) It is a reaction when equilibrium is shifted to the products side.
C) It is a reaction where number of products is bigger than number of reactants.
D) It is any redox reaction.
[1]
5. Chlorine reacts with sodium hydroxide solution of different concentrations. Which statement
about formed products is NOT correct?
A) Formed products depend on the concentration and temperature of sodium hydroxide solution.
B) One of three products is sodium hydroxide which is formed in both reactions.
C) In both reactions products are the same; concentration of sodium hydroxide affects only the
rate of the reaction.
D) Water is formed in both reactions.
[1]
35
6. Find the correct statement about entropy:
A) When a system has no disorder, i.e. it is perfectly arranged, and it has no energy, i.e. it is at
absolute zero degrees Celsius, it can have no entropy.
B) Entropy decreases as the mass and complexity of a molecule increases.
C) Entropy is a measure of the amount of energy, which is available to do work.
D) All real processes occur spontaneously in the direction that increases the entropy of the
universe.
[1]
7. Entropy change contributes to the spontaneity of the reaction, as well as enthalpy change. Signs
of enthalpy and entropy changes are the indicators of the spontaneity. Which table shows the
correct dependence of spontaneity of the reaction on the signs of those factors?
A) B)
C) D)
[1]
Section B
may be correct.
A B C D
36
8. A fuel cell is a device that converts the chemical energy from fuel into electricity through
electrochemical reaction. Find the correct statement(s) about fuel cells:
1. Fuel cells are highly flammable, but not expensive.
2. Fuel cells are more efficient than combustion engines.
3. Direct emissions from a fuel cell vehicle are just water and a little heat.
[1]
9. Find the correct statement(s) about disproportionation reaction between chlorine and sodium
hydroxide.
1. Disproportionation reaction happens if sodium hydroxide is hot and concentrated.
2. Disproportionation reaction does not take place if sodium hydroxide is cold and dilute.
3. Disproportionation reaction depends on the pressure and presence of catalyst in the reaction.
[1]
10. BaSO4 in suspension is frequently used clinically as a radiocontrast agent for X-ray imaging and
other diagnostic procedures. Find the correct statement(s) about barium sulphate and its usage in
medicine:
1. Due to the relatively high atomic number (Z = 56) of barium, its compounds absorb X-rays
more strongly than compounds with lighter nuclei.
2. Barium is a heavy metal, and its water-soluble compounds are often highly toxic.
3. Low solubility of barium sulfate protects the patient from absorbing harmful amounts of the
metal.
[1]

11. Work out the oxidation state of Cl element:

NaClO2 __________________________
[1]
12. Modern life without batteries is impossible. Batteries are one of the most compact and reliable
ways to produce energy for a number of devices. That energy is released during chemical
reactions occurring inside the cell. Primary (non-rechargeable) batteries are used once, and then
discarded. They have the advantage of convenience and cost less per battery.
(a) Calculate the electromotive force (emf) for zinc-carbon Panasonic battery and write
down the overall reaction during its discharge:
37
Half-reaction Electrode potential, E
Zn(NH3)22+ + 2e- → Zn + 2NH3 -0.80 V
2MnO2 + 2H+ + 2 e- → Mn2O3 + H2O +0.70 V
Emf = [1]
Suppose the overall reaction during discharge:

[1]
(b) Calculate the electromotive force (emf) for alkaline Duracell battery and write down
the overall reaction during its discharge:

Zn2+ + 2e- → Zn -0.76 V
MnO2 + H2O + e- → MnO(OH) + OH- +0.84 V
Emf = [1]

[1]
[Total: 4]
13. Batteries used in mobile phones, MP3 players, and laptops are different from primary cells.
They are rechargeable batteries, and sometimes they are called as secondary cells. Calculate
the electromotive force (emf) for Li ion battery which is used in a lot of mobile phones and
write down the overall reaction during its discharge and re-charge processes:

Li+ + e- → Li -3.00 V
Li+ + CoO2 + e- → LiCoO2 +0.60 V
Emf = [1]
38
[1]
Suppose the overall reaction during re-charge:
[1]
[Total: 3]
14. Knowledge of electrode potentials of half-equations can give us the information about
spontaneity of the reactions. We can also predict whether the reaction is feasible or no. In each
of the following cases decide whether the reaction is feasible according to the values of
electrode potentials you have. You should support your answer with the corresponding
explanation.
(i) The reaction between copper and silver nitrate solution:
[2]
(ii) The reduction of acidified dichromate (VI) ions to chromium (III) ions using iron (II)
ions:
[2]
(iii) The oxidation of iron (II) ions to iron (III) ions by the air under acidic conditions:
[2]
(iv) The oxidation of lead (II) ions to lead (IV) oxide by the air under acidic conditions:
[2]
[Total: 8]
15. Balancing half-equations is very important for electrochemical processes.
(a) Write half equations for each of the following conversions:

MnO4- → Mn2+
C2O42- → CO2
[2]
(b) Write the overall redox equation using half-equations from the previous question (i)
[2]
[Total: 4]
39
16. You can test for the presence of the halide ions by using two reactants in three steps.
(a) On the first step you should add a reactant X which gives the following precipitates:
Ion Observation
Cl- White precipitate
Br- Pale cream precipitate
I- Pale yellow precipitate
Name that reactant X or write down its formula.

[1]
(b) Two of the precipitates are easy to confuse and to distinguish between them, you can
add reactant Y, both dilute and concentrated.
(i) Name that reactant Y or write down its formula.
[1]
(ii) Complete the following table to show the results of adding the two different
concentrations of reactant Y to the precipitates:
Effect of adding dilute reactant Y Effect of adding concentrated

Precipitate from
(observation) reactant Y (observation)
Chloride ions
Bromide ions
Iodide ions
[3]
[Total: 5]
17. It is well-known that chlorine is used in water chlorination; especially it is added in certain
amounts to public water supplies.
(a) One main reason makes chlorine so popular reactant for water treatment.
(i) Name this reason and give the corresponding explanation:
[2]
(ii) Write the corresponding equation:
[1]
(b) During water treatment process photolysis occurs.

(i) Which condition(s) is (are) necessary for photolysis process?
[1]
(ii) Write down two corresponding reactions:

[2]
40
(iii) Which reaction is faster?
[1]
[Total: 7]
18. Recently the usage of chlorine for water chlorination has come under scrutiny because of its
danger for the human health. Evaluate its dangerous effect for people‟s health.
[1]
19. Explain the uses of Mg(OH)2. Write the corresponding reaction.

[2]
20. Ca(OH)2 is used in a sulfation process. Explain what does “sulfation process” mean?
[1]
21. Since Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2 have number of uses in different areas, their solubility in water
is a very important characteristic to know. Explain the trend of solubility of hydroxides of
Group 2 elements as fully as you can and evaluate this characteristic.
[4]
22. Using the data about bond enthalpies calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction of ethanol
combustion.
Answer: _________ [2]
23. Calculate Gibbs free energy for the process of combustion of methane at 298 K, using the
following data. In accordance with your calculations determine if the reaction is spontaneous
or no.
41
ΔS° = -242.2 J K-1 mol-1
ΔH° = -890.4 kJ mol-1

[3]
24. The Born-Haber cycle is an approach to analyze reaction energies. It was named after and
developed by the two German scientists Max Born and Fritz Haber. The cycle is concerned
with the formation of an ionic compound from the reaction of a metal (often a Group I or
Group II element) with a halogen or other non-metallic element such as oxygen.
Construct the Born-Haber cycle for formation of calcium oxide.
[5]
42
Mark scheme

information
1 B 1
2 B 1
3 D 1
4 A 1
5 C 1
6 D 1
7 A 1
8 C 1
9 D 1
10 A 1
11 NaClO2
Ox. state of Cl = +3 1
12 (i) Emf = Ecathode - Eanode = 0.70 – (-0.80) = 1.5V 1
Overall reaction during discharge: 1
2MnO2 + 2H+ + Zn + 2NH3 → Mn2O3 + H2O + Zn(NH3)22+
12 (ii) Emf = Ecathode - Eanode = 0.84 – (-0.76) = 1.6V 1
MnO2 + H2O + Zn → MnO(OH) + OH- + Zn2+
13 Emf = Ecathode - Eanode = 0.60 – (-3.00) = 3.60V 1
CoO2 + Li → LiCoO2
Overall reaction during re-charge: 1
LiCoO2 → CoO2 + Li
14 (i) The reaction is feasible. 1 One mark for
1 feasibility of
the reaction
One mark for

the correct
explanation
Direction of equilibria is in the same way as the reaction should
go.
14 (ii) The reaction is feasible. 1 One mark for
1 feasibility of
the reaction
One mark for

the correct
Direction of equilibria is in the same way as the reaction should explanation
go.
14 (iii) The reaction is feasible. 1 One mark for
1 feasibility of
the reaction
One mark for

the correct
explanation
Direction of equilibria is in the same way as the reaction should
43
go.
14 (iv) The reaction is not feasible. 1 One mark for
1 feasibility of
the reaction
One mark for

the correct
The oxygen equilibrium has the greater tendency to move to the explanation
left. But if you start with oxygen gas, where the equilibrium is
already, to get any reaction, the equilibria would have to move in
the wrong directions.
15 (i) MnO4- + 8H+ + 5 e- → Mn2+ + 4H2O 1
C2O42- → 2CO2 + 2e- 1
15 (ii) 1st equation x2 1 One mark for
2nd equation x5 multiplication
of both half-
2MnO4- + 16H+ + 5C2O42- → 2Mn2+ + 8H2O + 10CO2 1 equations
One mark for

the overall
equation
Ecf
16 (a) Silver nitrate / AgNO3 1
16 (b) (i) Ammonia solution / NH4OH 1
16 (b) (ii) 3 One mark for
any two
correct
answers
17 (a) (i) Because chlorine when dissolved in water produces hypochlorous 1

acid
Which is a good active sanitizer / disinfectant / kills bacteria 1
17 (a) (ii) Cl2 + H2O ⇌ HOCl + HCl 1
17 (b) (i) UV-light 1
17 (b) (ii)
1
17 (b) (iii) Hypochlorite ion breaks down faster than hypochlorous acid 1
18 The reaction between chlorine and humic substances is 1
responsible for the production of organochlorine compounds
which could be dangerous for humans
or
Chlorine poisoning can occur when you touch, swallow, or inhale
chlorine
19 Magnesium hydroxide is a common component of antacids and 1
laxatives.
44
Mg(OH)2 + HCl = MgCl2 + H2O 1
20 Waste gases from industries containing sulfur dioxide can be 1
cleaned by bubbling through lime water (sulfation), in which the
toxic sulfur dioxide is trapped as a precipitate:
21 The hydroxides become more soluble as you go down the Group 1
Magnesium hydroxide appears to be insoluble in water. However, 1

some magnesium hydroxide dissolves.
Calcium hydroxide solution is used as "lime water". 1 litre of 1

pure water will dissolve about 1 gram of calcium hydroxide at
room temperature.
Barium hydroxide is soluble enough to be able to produce a 1

solution with a concentration of around 0.1M at room
temperature.
22 2 One mark for
calculations
One mark for

correct
answer
Bond breaking Bond making
5 C–H × 413 kJ/mol 1 C=O × (-799) kJ/mol
1 C–C × 347 kJ/mol 6 O–H × (-467) kJ/mol
1 C–O × 358 kJ/mol
1 O–H × 467 kJ/mol
3 O=O × 498 kJ/mol
Total: 4731 kJ/mol Total: -5998 kJ/mol
∆H = 4731 kJ – 5998 kJ = -1267 kJ

23 ΔG° = ΔH° - TΔS° 3 One mark for
ΔG° = -890.4 - 298(-0.2442) = -817.6 kJ mol-1 formula with
calculations
Reaction is spontaneous because ∆G is negative. (Accept just
formula or
just
calculations)
One mark for

correct
answer
One mark for

spontaneity
of the
reaction
45
24 5 One mark for
any two
correct steps
(overall 4
marks)
One mark for

all of the
enthalpies
written in a
correct way.
Accept
Hatom
(Hat) for O2
(in the 2nd
step)
Total 60
46
“CHEMISTRY”
ADVANCED LEVEL
GRADE 12
47
GRADE 12

Section A
1. Which one of the following statements about Group 14 trend in physical properties is correct?
A) Metallic character decreases up the group;
B) 1st ionization energy increases down the group;
C) Melting point increases down the group;
D) Boiling point decreases up the group.
[1]
2. Which statement about extraction and production of Group 14 elements is correct?

A) Silicon is commonly extracted from the ores of metals;
B) Diamond is not produced synthetically;
C) Germanium can be extracted by reduction of silica with carbon;
D) Most lead is recycled from lead batteries.
[1]
3. Which statement about trends in oxidation states of Group 14 elements is NOT correct?
A) Carbon monoxide CO is less stable than lead monoxide PbO;
B) Dioxides of Group 14 elements become more stable down the group;
C) Carbon monoxide CO is better reducing agent than carbon dioxide CO2;
D) Tin dioxide SnO2 is better oxidizing agent than silicon dioxide SiO2.
1]
4. Which environmental problem is not caused by using of nitrogen-containing compounds?

A) Eutrophication;
B) Ozone layer depletion;
C) Acid rains formation;
D) NOx gases can catalyze formation of other non-eco-friendly gases.
[1]
5. Which statement about sulfur is NOT correct?

A) Plastic sulfur has crystalline structure;
B) Native sulfur could be found in volcanoes;
C) Rhombic sulfur is more stable than monoclinic sulfur at room temperature;
D) Sulfur is a part of pyrite ore.
[1]
6. Which of the listed below compounds could be used as good food preservative?
A) SO3;
B) NO2
C) SO2;
D) NO.
[1]
48
7. Which statement about acids and bases theories is correct?
A) Acid contains H in formula and produces OH- in water according to Arrhenius theory;
B) NH4+ is the conjugate base of NH3;
C) According to Bronsted-Lowry theory acid is a proton acceptor during acid-base reaction;
D) Lewis acid is a substance that accepts an electron pair.
[1]
8. Which one of the following pictures represents acid-base reaction correctly?
A) Proton
transfer using a
weak base:
B) Proton
transfer using a
weak base:
C) Proton
transfer using a
weak base:
49
D) Proton
transfer using a
weak acid:
[1]
9. Which formula is correct?
A) Ka = 1.0  10−14;
B) Kb = 1.0  10−14;
C) Kw = 1.0  10−14;
D) Kw = 1.0  10−7.
[1]
10. Find the correct formula of toluene.
A) B)
NO2
COOH
C) D)
CH3 Cl
[1]
11. Which statement about the following compound is NOT correct?
A) The compound is optically active; CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3

B) Its IUPAC name is 1-chlorobutane;
C) This compound undergoes elimination reaction;
D) It is used in the manufacture of a variety of organic Cl
chemicals.
[1]
50
Section B
may be correct.
A B C D
12. Ammonia production known as Haber process is an equilibrium process. Which factor(s) can
contribute better yield of ammonia, NH3?
1. Use of iron catalyst;
2. Lower temperatures;
3. Higher pressure.
[1]
13. In which of the listed below reactions sulfuric acid, H2SO4, behaves as an oxidizing agent?
1. 2HBr + H2SO4 → Br2 + SO2 + 2H2O
2. MgCO3 + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2O + CO2;
3. NH3 + H2SO4 → (NH4)2SO4.
[1]
14. Buffer solutions are used in:

1. Electroplating;
2. Manufacture of dyes;
3. Calibrating pH meters.
[1]
15. Which statement(s) about buffer solutions is (are) correct?

1. Buffer solutions are solutions of a weak conjugate acid-base pair;
2. pH = pKa + log[acid]/[base];
3. Buffer solutions are not resistant to pH changes.
[1]

16. Stability of different compounds is very important in a number of industrial processes, because
they could be used as good oxidizing or reducing agents depending on their stability, and
therefore, their properties.
Explain why the relative stability of +2 oxidation state increases down the group.
[4]
51
17. GeO2, SnO2, and PbO2 are mainly used in synthesis of other compounds and in organic light
emitting diodes.
a. Listed above oxides have similar chemical properties, when reacted with solutions.
What is common in their nature AND what does it mean?
[2]
b. Write two corresponding equations for the reactions of any of the listed above oxides
with different solutions.
1)
2)
[2]
[Total: 4]
18. Nitrogen is a common element in the Universe, estimated at about seventh in total abundance
in the Milky Way and the Solar System. Dinitrogen forms about 78% of Earth's atmosphere,
making it the most abundant uncombined element.
(i) Draw the structure of dinitrogen molecule using dots and crosses diagram.
[1]
(ii) Explain as fully as possible how the structure of dinitrogen affects its reactivity.
[2]
[Total: 3]
19. Ammonia, NH3, is a compound with a characteristic pungent smell. It, both directly or
indirectly, is a building block for the synthesis of many pharmaceutical products and is used
in many commercial cleaning products.
(i) Draw 3D-structure of ammonia molecule.

[2]
(ii) What is the electron geometry of the molecule?

[1]
(iii) What is the molecular geometry of the molecule?

[1]
(iv) Explain as fully as possible why ammonia has this molecular shape.
[2]
[Total: 6]
20. Nitrogen and sulfur are very important in synthesizing of different compounds, but some of
their compounds can bring a lot of environmental problems.
(i) List as minimum three environmental problems, caused by N-containing and S-

containing compounds, using the following Venn diagram. Show on the diagram
the common and individual environmental problems for them.
52
[4]
(ii) Suggest the ways of minimizing at least two environmental impacts AND
evaluate their affect.
1.
2.
[4]
[Total: 8]
21. Methanoic acid, HCOOH, is a weak acid. When methanoic acid is dissolved in water,
equilibrium is established. This equilibrium involves H+ ions and methanoate ions, HCOO-.
HCOOH ↔ H+ + HCOO-, Ka = 1.78 × 10-4
(a) Methanoic acid is an example of a Brønsted-Lowry acid. The methanoate ion is an

example of a Lewis base. Explain these two statements by reference to the equation
above.
[2]
(b) What is the pKa of methanoic acid.

pKa __________________ [1]
[Total: 3]
22. If 100 cm3 of 0.100 mol × dm-3 methanoic acid solution is mixed with 300 cm3 of 0.100 mol ×
dm-3 sodium methanoate solution, 400 cm3 of a buffer solution is formed.
i. Explain what is meant by a buffer solution, using at least two equations to show
how it works as a buffer.
[4]
ii. 0.730g of HCl gas is dissolved in the 400 cm3 of buffer solution. Calculate the
pH of the solution formed when all of the HCl gas has reacted with the buffer.
[5]
[Total: 9]
23. Stereoisomers are very important in our life, as well as in the medicine, and different industrial
processes. Draw all of the possible stereoisomers for 1-chlorohexa-2,4-dien-1-ol.
[6]
24. Many drugs are optically active, for example Thalidomide which was used in the 1960‟s.
Appreciate how two enantiomers of Thalidomide can affect on living systems.
[2]
53
Mark scheme

information
1 A 1
2 D 1
3 B 1
4 B 1
5 A 1
6 C 1
7 D 1
8 B 1
9 C 1
10 C 1
11 A 1
12 C 1
13 D 1
14 A 1
15 D 1
16 The outermost ns2 electrons are less shielded by the 1
more diffused inner d and/or f electrons.
They are attracted more by the positive nucleus. 1
Less available for forming bonds 1
Form only two bonds using np2 1
17 (i) They are amphoteric/amphiprotic 1
It means that they can react with acids and bases / they
can behave both as acids and bases (depending on the
conditions of the reactions) 1
17 (ii) 3) GeO2(s) + 4HCl(aq) → GeCl4(l) + 2H2O(l) 1 Accept any
4) GeO2(s) + 2OH-(aq) → GeO32-(aq) + H2O(l) 1 correct reaction
18 (i) Electrons
should be
different to
show two atoms
1
18 (ii) Triple bond is a very strong bond 1 Accept “strong
That is why dinitrogen molecule is unreactive 1 bond” if triple
bond is shown
in 18 (i)
19 (i)
1 1 mark is for
correct bonds
1 1 mark for lone

pair on nitrogen
atom
54
19 (ii) Tetrahedral electron (pair) geometry 1
19 (iii) Trigonal pyramid molecular geometry 1
19 (iv) Trigonal pyramid shape is caused by lone pair on 1 Accept any
nitrogen atom correct
which repulses both hydrogens 1 description
20 (i) 1 Accept any
1 three correct
1 environmental
1 problems
1 mark is if
Venn diagram
is used correctly
(common and
individual
problems are on
the correct
places)
20 (ii) 1. Chemists have found ways to reduce the sulfur 1 mark is for
content in fossil fuels in order SO2 not to be released in 1 suggestion
the atmosphere. 1 (overall 2 marks
for two
2. SO2 gas can be captured using chemical 1 suggestions)
processes so it is not released into the atmosphere. 1
1 mark is for
explanation or
the affect
(overall 2 marks
for two
explanations/
affects)
21 (a) methanoic acid can donate an H+ ion / proton 1
methanoate can donate a lone pair to an H+ ion 1

21 (b) 3.75 1
22 (i) a buffer solution controls pH / restricts changes in pH 2 not pH constant
when small amounts two points=1
of acid mark
or base are added four points=2
marks
HCOO- + H+ → HCOOH / equilibrium in question shifts 1 molecular

left formulae are
accepted
HCOOH + OH- → HCOO- + H2O / equilibrium in 1
question shifts right and H+ + OH- → H2O
22 (ii) any five of these six points:
0.730 g is 0.02 moles of HCl 1
(idea of) HCl reacting with methanoate ions is clear 1 award one
salvage for 0.30
55
after reaction [HCOOH] is 0.075 mol dm-3 1 and 0.10
after reaction [HCOO-] is 0.025 mol dm-3 1
correctly uses concentrations calculated and finds [H+]

ie 1.78x10-4 = [H+]
pH calculated correctly from [H+] 1 pH = 3.27

scores 5 marks
23 1 1 mark for each
1 correctly drawn
1 isomer (overall
1 5 isomers)
1
1 mark if it is
mentioned that
for D and L
optical isomers
there are the
same geometric
isomers.
1
24 S-Thalidomide was given to pregnant women to reduce 1 Accept usage of
the effects of morning sickness. 1 word one
R-Thalidomide leads to many disabilities in babies (good)
(shortened limbs) and early deaths in many cases. enantiomer
and another
(wrong)
enantiomer
instead of S- or
R-Thalidomide
Total 60
56
Section A
1. Find the product of the reduction of the following compound:
A) 3-methylpentanoic acid
B) 3-methylhexanal
C) 3-methylpentan-2-one
D) 3-methylpentan-2-ol
[1]
2. Which statement about chemical properties of aldehydes and ketones is correct?

A) Aldehydes undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions, and ketones undergo nucleophilic
addition reactions.
B) Aldehydes and ketones react with water to yield diols.
C) Aldehydes and ketones can never be used in synthesis of cyanohydrins.
D) Unlike aldehydes, ketones can be further oxidized.
[1]
3. What is the correct name of the following molecule?
A) Propanoyl chloride
B) Pentanoyl chloride
C) Chloropentanone
D) Butanoyl chloride
[1]
4. Acid anhydride reacts with water to produce:
Number of products of the reaction Name of the products

A) 2 Carboxylic acids
B) 2 Carboxylic acid and ester
C) 3 Two esters and one carboxylic acid
D) 3 Two carboxylic acids and one ester
[1]
57
5. Copper forms a complex with ethane-1,2-diamine, NH2CH2CH2NH2. The formula of the
complex is [Cu(NH2CH2CH2NH2)3]2+. In this complex, a total of six lone pairs of electrons
from the ligands bond with the copper ion. These six lone pairs are arranged octahedrally
around the copper ion. What can be deduced from this information alone?
A) Ethane-1,2-diamine is a bidentate ligand.
B) The [Cu(NH2CH2CH2NH2)3]2+ complex is insoluble in water.
C) The [Cu(NH2CH2CH2NH2)3]2+ complex is colourless in aqueous solution.
D) The [Cu(NH2CH2CH2NH2)3]2+ complex is less stable than the [Cu(H2O)6]2+ complex.
[1]
6. The four statements all correctly show catalysis.

Which one of them is about homogeneous catalysis?
A) Iron is the catalyst in the Haber process.
B) Nickel catalyzes the reaction between ethene and hydrogen.
C) Fe2+ ions catalyze the reaction between I- ions and S2O82- ions in aqueous solution.
D) Divanadium pentoxide is the catalyst in the Contact process.
[1]
7. Nitrobenzene can be made by reacting benzene with a nitrating mixture. A nitrating mixture is
made by mixing concentrated nitric acid with concentrated sulfuric acid. This mixture
produces the ion X that attacks benzene, resulting in the formation of nitrobenzene.
What is X?
A) NO3–
B) NO2–
C) NO3+
D) NO2+
[1]
8. Haloalkane reacts with ammonia to form:

A) Aniline;
B) Nitrile;
C) Amine;
D) Diazonium ion.
[1]
9. Phenylamine is used in pharmaceutical industry. It could be prepared in three steps. Find the
correct line showing all of the steps of making phenylamine.
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3
A) Benzene to Phenol Phenol to Phenylammonium Phenylammonium ion to
ion Phenylamine
B) Benzene to Phenyl Phenyl to Nitrobenzene Nitrobenzene to

Phenylamine
C) Benzene to Phenylammonium ion to Benzenenitrile to

Phenylammonium ion Benzenenitrile Phenylamine
D) Benzene to Nitrobenzene to Phenylammonium ion to

Nitrobenzene Phenylammonium ion Phenylamine
[1]
58
10. Glycine is α-amino acid. On the picture below there is glycine formula at neutral pH of the
solution.
H
H2N C COOH
CH3
How the molecule will be changed when pH is increased till 12?
A) It will not change. B)
C) D)
H
_
H2N C COO
CH3
[1]
Section B
may be correct.
A B C D
59
11. PCl5 was added to a compound X. After the reaction steamy fumes were produced. Then
several drops of acidified potassium dichromate (VI) were added to a compound X. Orange
solution was turned green, producing compound Y. Further compound Y was added to a
Fehling‟s solution. Blue solution turned red.
Which statement(s) is (are) correct about the mentioned compounds?
1. The initial reactant X is pentan-1-ol.
2. Compound Y is pentanal.
3. Compound Y can be reduced till compound X by adding of NaBH4.
[1]
12. The final product of compound X oxidation is a ketone.

Which compound(s) of the listed below could be the compound X?
1. 3-methylheptan-3-ol
2. 2-methylhexan-3-ol
3. pentan-3-ol
[1]
13. Which statement(s) about uses of amines is (are) correct?

1. Primary aromatic amines are used as a starting material for the manufacture of azo dyes.
2. Amines are widely used in developing chemicals for crop protection, medication and water
purification.
3. Amines are used in making nylon.
[1]
14. Zwitterions are the form that amino acids exist even in the solid state. This specific state is
responsible for a number of physical and chemical properties of amino acids. Find the correct
statement(s) about different properties of amino acids.
1. Instead of the weaker hydrogen bonds and other intermolecular forces that could be
expected, there are much stronger ionic bonds.
2. Amino acids have high melting point.
3. Amino acids are generally insoluble in water and soluble in non-polar organic solvents
such as hydrocarbons.
[1]

15. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. Esters are responsible for the
aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries.
(d) Ethyl propanoate has a pineapple-like odor. Some fruits like kiwis and strawberries
naturally contain ethyl propanoate in small amounts. It is also used in the production of
some antimalarial drugs.
(i) How ethyl propanoate can be obtained? Write the corresponding reaction.
[2]
(ii) State conditions for this reaction.
[1]
(iii) What is the name of such reactions?
[1]
60
(e) Ethyl propanoate has several structural isomers. Draw any two of them.
[2]
(f) Esters undergo hydrolysis. Write two possible reactions of hydrolysis under different
conditions. Use ethyl propanoate as an example.
1)
[2]
2)
[2]
[Total: 10]
16. Transition metals are extremely useful metals on account of their physical and chemical
properties.
(i) Which metals are considered as transition metals?
[1]
(ii) Name the first representative of transition metals?

[1]
(iii) Why not all of the elements with similar electronic configuration could be
considered as transition metals? Give two examples to explain it.
[3]
[Total: 5]
17. Transition metal complex compounds are very often used as a dyestuff. List the factors which
affect the colour of transition metal complex ion. Support your answer with at least two
examples.
[6]
18. Transition metals and their compounds are used as catalysts in a number of industrial
processes. Explain why?
[2]
19. Cisplatin is a chemotherapy medication used to treat different types of cancer. This medicine
has a number of side effects that can limit its use:
(a) (i) Draw 3D-structure of cisplatin AND its geometric isomer.
[2]
(ii) What is the shape of both molecules?

[1]
(b) Both molecules undergo chemical reactions.

(i) Add two more NH3 ligands to cisplatin. Predict the shape of the new molecule?
[1]
(ii) Does this new molecule still have a geometric isomer?

[1]
[Total: 5]
61
20. A number of complex compounds are used in pharmaceutical industry because of their
biological activity. Fill in the next table with any corresponding compounds AND predict their
shapes.
Ligands Name of the shape 3D-shape
Two unidentate ligands and

two bidentate ligands
Three bidentate ligands
Four unidentate ligands with

copper
[5]
21. Benzene is an unsaturated aromatic compound which is widely used in different areas.
(i) A molecule of benzene has π-bonding. Draw the labelled diagram to show the π-
bonding in benzene.
[1]
(ii) Explain why the π-bonding in benzene gives additional stability to the molecule.
[1]
(iii) State a piece of thermochemical evidence for this additional stability of benzene.
To support your answer you may draw the corresponding diagram.
[3]
[Total: 5]
22. Nitration and sulfonation of benzene are two examples of electrophilic aromatic substitution.
The nitronium ion (NO2+) and sulfur trioxide (SO3) are the electrophiles and individually react
with benzene to give nitrobenzene and benzenesulfonic acid respectively.
Why benzene reacts with electrophiles?
[1]
23. In the next table there are several amines with different basicity.
62
(i) How basicity changes as we go down this table?
[1]
(ii) Which part of the molecule is responsible for basicity?

[1]
(iii) Explain how benzene ring affects base strength of the whole molecule.
[2]
[Total: 4]
24. Amines are derivatives of ammonia. According to the number of substituted atoms of
hydrogen in ammonia molecule, amines could be primary, secondary, and tertiary. These
structures affect their base strength.
(i) How basicity changes starting from ammonia molecule going to tertiary amine?
[1]
(ii) Explain how structures of those amines affect basicity of primary, secondary,
and tertiary amines.
[2]
[Total: 3]
63
Mark scheme

information
1 D 1
2 B 1
3 B 1
4 A 1
5 A 1
6 C 1
7 D 1
8 C 1
9 D 1
10 D 1
11 A 1
12 C 1
13 A 1
14 B 1
15 (a) 1 1 mark is for
(i) 1 correct
reaction
1mark is for
correct
reagents and
products
15 (a) H2SO4, temperature 1 1 mark for

(ii) both
conditions
15 (a) Esterification 1
(iii)
64
15 (b) Any two correct isomers: 2 Accept ecf in
1) 7) case if the
previous
formula of
ethyl
propanoate
was wrong
2) 8)
3) 9)
4) 10)
5) 11)
6) 12)
15 (c) a. CH3CH2COOCH2CH3 + H2O ↔ CH3CH2COOH + 1 2 marks for

CH3CH2OH two correct
Conditions: acid, temperature 1 equations
65
b. CH3CH2COOCH2CH3 + NaOH → CH3CH2COONa + 1 2 marks for
CH3CH2OH two correct
Conditions: alkaline, temperature 1 conditions
16 (i) An element whose atom has a partially filled d sub-shell 1
16 (ii) Ti 1
16 (iii) Because Sc has only one electron on d orbital 1 Accept any
Zn has full d-subshell 1 correct
They do not have the variety of oxidation states 1 explanation
17 6) Nature of metal: One mark for
any correct
factor (overall
4)
7) Different ligands: One mark for

each correct
example of
complex
compounds
8) Oxidation state: with different
colours
(overall 2)
9) Coordination number:
18 They have variety of oxidation states 1

Therefore, they can be easily oxidized and then reduced
during catalysis 1
19 (a) 1
(i)
H3N Cl 1
Pt
Cl NH3
19 (a) Square planar 1

(ii)
19 (b) Octahedral 1
(i)
19 (b) Yes 1 Accept
(ii) formula of
geometric
isomer
20 (i) 5 Accept any
Ligands Shape Structure of the molecule correct
66
compound
Two Octahedral (overall 2)
unidentate
ligands and One mark for
two bidentate each correct
ligands structure
(overall 3)
Three Octahedral NH2 3+
bidentate H2N NH2
ligands Cr
H2N NH2
NH2
Four Tetrahedral
unidentate
ligands with
copper
21 (i) Benzene, the π–bonding is in two rings above and below 1

the –bonds
21 (ii) Delocalization of electrons 1 Accept 6p

electrons/
unhybridized
electrons
21 (iii) Refers to enthalpy of hydrogenation 1 Idea of
resonance
energy
Enthalpy for benzene is less exothermic 1 Calculations of

enthalpies of
Refers to comparison to alkenes 1 reactions
67
22 Because delocalized electrons of benzene attract positively Accept any
charged electrophile. correct answer
23 (i) Decreases 1
23 (ii) Lone pair on nitrogen atom 1
23 (iii) Delocalization in benzene ring in phenylamine is electron 1
withdrawing. The  system draws the nitrogen lone pair
density into the ring slightly.
Therefore, the lone pair on the nitrogen is less able to form 1

a dative covalent bond with the H+ ion, therefore
phenylamine is a weaker base.
24 (i) Primary < Secondary > Tertiary 1
24 (ii) The greater the availability of the lone pair electrons on 1
nitrogen, the stronger the base. Alkyl group increases
electron density on nitrogen by pushing their electrons
towards nitrogen. That is why the lone pair becomes more
available.
In tertiary amines three alkyl groups cause steric inhibition 1

which contributes decreasing the basicity. The lone pair of
nitrogen is cluttered up by those alkyl groups and becomes
unavailable to participate in the reaction.
Total 60
68
Section A
be correct.
1. Each acid-base theory has some limitations. What is the limitation for Arrhenius theory?
A) All of the acids and bases should have conjugate pairs in the reaction.
B) If there are not any hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions in the solution, there are no acids and
bases.
C) Not all of the compounds could be considered as electron pair donor or electron pair
acceptor.
D) Theory does not include coordination compounds, and considers only compounds in solid
state.
[1]
2. Which product is formed when Fe2+ ion reacts with the carbonate solution?
A) [Fe(H2O)4(OH)2](s)
B) [Fe(H2O)3(OH)3](s)
C) FeCO3(s)
D) Fe2(CO3)3(s)
[1]
3. Find the polymer formed by addition polymerization:
A)
B)
C)
69
D)
[1]
4. What type of linkage is formed between monomers in nylon 6,6 polymer?
A) B)
C) D)
[1]
5. Which nanoparticles have spherical shape and are surrounded by delocalized electrons?
A) Graphene
B) Buckminsterfullerene
C) Nanotube
D) Graphite
[1]
6. Which statement about uses of nanotubes is NOT correct?

A) Nanotube‟s one-dimensional cavity is used to help synthesize un-branched polymer chains
of C60O, fullerene oxide.
B) They are used in batteries of most laptop computers.
C) Sometimes nanotubes are used as good pharmaceutical and biomedical materials.
D) Nanotubes are good in photovoltaics and are used as nanotube-infused printer powder.
[1]
7. Which row of the table below correctly shows the bonding between DNA complementary base
pairs?
Complementary base pairs Number of hydrogen bonding

A) C-G 2
B) C-T 2
C) C-G 3
D) A-T 3
[1]
70
8. Which statement about „lock and key‟ model is correct?
A) Lock is substrate, and key is an enzyme.
B) Enzymes catalyze only specific reactions.
C) Substrate catalyzes the reaction.
D) Any enzyme can decompose any substrate.
[1]
9. Which picture matches competitive inhibition process?
A)
B)
C)
D) E) No one answer is correct.
[1]
10. Organic synthesis covers a number of important reactions. Which one of the following
reactions could be considered as synthetically useful one?
A) All of the mentioned below reactions are synthetically useful reactions
B)
C)
D)
[1]
71
Section B
may be correct.
A B C D
11. Addition polymers are very important in our daily life. They are:
1. Textile fabrics, twine, rope, fire hoses
2. Bags, bottles, tubing, packaging film
3. Laboratory and household ware, artificial turf, surgical casts, toys
[1]
12. Condensation polymers are very important in our daily life. They are:
1. Textile fabrics, twine, rope, fire hoses
2. Bags, bottles, tubing, packaging film
3. Laboratory and household ware, artificial turf, surgical casts, toys
[1]
13. Some polymers are considered as biodegradable. Which polymers could be readily attacked by
alkalis?
1. Dacron, PLA (polylactic acid)
2. Nylon 6,6; Kevlar
3. Polyethylene, Teflon, PVC (polyvinylchloride)
[1]
14. Drugs are complicated big molecules with a number of functional groups and radicals. That is
why they are considered as chiral molecules. Which statement(s) is (are) correct about
chirality of drugs and their physiological action?
1. Chiral molecule is non-superimposable on its mirror image.
2. Optical isomers of the same compound have different properties.
3. Drugs being presented as enantiomers can have different effect on human body depending
on the type of optical isomer.
[1]
15. Targeted drug delivery is a problem. The drug encounters stomach acid and enzymes on its
way through the stomach. Then it has to pass from the stomach or the intestines into the
bloodstream, which has a different pH and more enzymes. Also, when it reaches the right cell
it will have to get through the cell membrane.
Which statement(s) about solution of this problem is (are) correct?
72
1. One of the methods of protecting drugs while they are circulating in the bloodstream is to
attach them to polymers (PEG, for instance).
2. Liposomes are biodegradable and non-toxic and can be used to carry vaccines, drugs,
enzymes, or other substances to target cells or organs.
3. Liposomes consist of phospholipids, therefore they can carry both hydrophilic and
hydrophobic drugs.
[1]

16. Different complex compounds have different stability.

(i) Compare these two complex compounds [Cu(en)3]2+ and [Cu(NH3)6]2+. Which one is
more stable?
[1]
(ii) Explain your answer in 16 (i).
[4]
[Total: 5]
17. Synthetic polymers are used almost everywhere for different purposes.
(a) The best known brand name of PTFE-based formulas is Teflon® by Chemours (DuPont
Co.), which discovered the compound in 1938. Nowadays it is used in coating non-stick
frying pans and other cookware. Write the reaction of Teflon formation.
[2]
(b) Kevlar® is strong enough to stop bullets and knives – often described as being "five times
stronger than steel on an equal weight basis." Write the reaction of Kevlar formation.
[3]
(c) Write the reaction for formation of any polyester.

[3]
18. Plastics and their byproducts are littering our cities, oceans, and waterways, and contributing
to health problems in humans and animals. Plastics‟ recycling helps us to solve number of
environmental problems.
On the picture below all of the recycling steps are shown. Appreciate different advantages of
recycling process.
[3]
73
19. A possible source of energy for the road vehicles of the future is hydrogen. One of the
problems still to be solved is the storage of the hydrogen in the vehicle. A conventional tank
holding liquid hydrogen would have to be pressurized and refrigerated. In a crash, this type of
tank could break resulting in the rapid release of hydrogen and an explosion. One alternative is
to use a fuel tank packed with carbon nanotubes. The hydrogen in the tank would be adsorbed
onto the surface of the nanotubes at a pressure of no more than a few atmospheres.
(a) (i) What is the approximate width of a carbon nanotube?

[1]
(ii) In what structural form is the carbon in a nanotube?

[1]
(iii) What forces could be responsible for holding the hydrogen on the surface of the
nanotubes? Explain your answer.
[2]
(b) The hydrogen atoms in a fuel tank packed with nanotubes are closer together than in liquid
hydrogen. Suggest one advantage of this.
[1]
[Total: 5]
20. Proteins are polymers. The monomers in a protein are amino acids which bind together with
peptide bond. Determine the original structure of the protein from the hydrolysis data:
(i) Ala-His-Gly-Ala, Gly-Ala-Ala-His, (His at C-terminal)
[1]
(ii) Cys, Leu, Arg, Ala, Trp were obtained in a random order. Trp was at the N-terminal,
Ala was at the C-terminal. Another hydrolysis gave dipeptides Leu-Arg and Trp-Cys.
[1]
[Total: 2]
21. A mutation is the permanent alteration of the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an
organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA or other genetic elements.
(i) Recognise the different types of mutations in DNA by completing the table below:
BEFORE AFTER Mutation
ATTCGAC ATTAGAC
ATTCGAC ATTGAC
ATTCGAC ATTCGACGAC
[3]
(ii) Describe the implications of the above mentioned mutations.

[4]
[Total: 7]
22. ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is a nucleotide which has a crucial biological role.
(i) Why ATP is so important for living organisms?
[1]
74
(ii) Draw a block diagram to show structure and hydrolysis of ATP.
[2]
(iii)Using diagram from 22 (i) describe hydrolysis of ATP.

[1]
[Total: 4]
23. Different types of mutations can cause different diseases. Give one example of disease caused
by substitution mutation AND describe it.
[2]
24. Organic synthesis covers a wide range of different reactions. On the diagram below the most
important reactions and classes of organic compounds are presented.
Complete the following spider diagram stating the conditions for each reaction. You may also
add some other information for the reactions (if applicable).
[9]
75
Mark scheme
Task № Answer Mark Additional information

1 B 1
2 C 1
3 C 1
4 A 1
5 B 1
6 D 1
7 C 1
8 B 1
9 C 1
10 A 1
11 C 1
12 D 1
13 D 1
14 A 1
15 A 1
16 (i) [Cu(en)3]2+ is more stable than [Cu(NH3)6]2+ 1
16 (ii) Because of chelate effect. Chelates are much more stable 1 1 mark for chelate effect
than complex ions formed from simple monodentate
ligands. 1 mark for comparison of
[Cu(H2O)6]2+ + 6NH3 ↔ [Cu(NH3)6]2+ + 6H2O 1 number of molecules
[Cu(H2O)6]2+ + 3en ↔ [Cu(en)3]2+ + 6H2O
In the first reaction 7 molecules participated to produce 7 1 mark for mentioned
molecules. entropy
In the second reaction 4 molecules participated to produce 7
molecules. 1 mark for connection
The greater number of molecules is produced, the bigger the 1 between entropy and
entropy change. stability
Thermodynamically more stable compounds are formed 1
when entropy is greater.
17 (a)
1 1 mark for correct
formula of
tetrafluoroethene
monomer
1
1mark for correct
reaction
17 (b) Uses any two correct monomers 1 1 mark for correct
1 monomers
1
1 mark for correct
formula of polymer
1 mark for the second

76
product (HCl or H2O)
17 (c)
1 1 mark for any correct
1 monomers
1
1 mark for correct
formula of polymer
1 mark for the second

product (HCl or H2O)
18 Any three correct advantages: 1

c. Decreases cost of plastics; 1
d. Reduce uses of finite sources; 1
e. Less plastics‟ waste;
f. More fields for plants and corns growing;
g. More healthy animals, etc.
19 (a) (i) A few nanometres 1 Accept 0.5–10 nm
19 (a) (ii) Graphite/graphene 1
19 (a) Carbon atoms in the nanotubes are joined by covalent bonds 1
(iii) van der Waals‟ forces are responsible for holding H2 on the 1
surface
19 (b) More hydrogen can be packed into the same space/volume 1
20 (i) Ala-His-Gly-Ala-Ala-His 1
20 (ii) Trp-Cys-Leu-Arg-Ala 1
21 (i)
BEFORE AFTER Mutation 1 1 mark for each correct
1 answer (overall 3 marks)
ATTCGAC ATTAGAC Substitution 1
ATTCGAC ATTGAC Deletion
ATTCGAC ATTCGACGAC Insertion
21 (ii) 10) Substitution is a mutation that exchanges one base for 1 1 mark for each
another. definition (overall 3
Substitution could: marks)
- change a codon to one that encodes a different amino 1
acid and cause a small change in the protein produced. 1 mark for description of
- change a codon to one that encodes the same amino 1 all of the possible
acid and causes no change in the protein produced. changes in substitution
These are called silent mutations. mutation
- change an amino-acid-coding codon to a single "stop" 1
codon and cause an incomplete protein. This can have
serious effects since the incomplete protein probably
won't function.
11) Deletions are mutations in which a section of DNA is 1
lost, or deleted.
12) Insertions are mutations in which extra base pairs are 1
inserted into a new place in the DNA.
77
22 (i) ATP makes energy available for metabolic reactions in all 1
living organisms / ATP is the short term energy source for
cellular activity.
22(ii)
1 1 mark for the idea
1
1 mark for full diagram
of hydrolysis till
adenosine
22 (iii) Everytime hydrolysis happens, one phosphate group is 1

released with certain amount of energy.
23 Sickle cell anemia 1
The red blood cells of these patients do not have the normal 1
disc shape, but have a crescent moon (or sickle) shape. This
can then lead to severe pain and damage to organs in the
body.
24 (i)
9 1 mark for
halogenoalkane→amine
conditions.
1 mark for
halogenoalkane→alcohol
conditions
1 mark for both

alcohol→aldehyde and
aldehyde→carboxylic
acid conditions
1 mark for
alcohol→ketone
conditions
1 mark for both

ketone→alcohol and
aldehyde→alcohol
conditions
1 mark for both

carboxylic acid→ester
and alcohol→ester
conditions
1 mark for each ester

hydrolysis reaction
(overall 2 marks)
78
1 mark for note “primary
alcohol” on the left side
and “secondary alcohol”
on the right side of
“alcohol” substance
All of the conditions

should be full.
Salvage mark, if all of
the conditions are
presented, but are
incomplete
Total 60
79
80

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Collection of tasks for summative assessment for the term

on the subject "Chemistry"

TASKS FOR THE SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT FOR THE TERM 1

Questions with Multiple Choice Answers

4. Which one of the following structures is the metallic lattice?

5. What does lone pair mean?

6. Which statement about formation of coordinate (dative covalent) bond is correct?

The responses A to D should be selected on the basis of

No other combination of statements is used as a correct response.

Questions that require short or extended answers.

Isotope Peak height (intensity)

(ii) What particle is responsible for the peak at mass 86?

(a) Hydrogen bonding is one of the type of intermolecular forces.

(i) Explain how this type of bonding is formed.

(b) Another type of intermolecular forces is shown on the picture below.

(i) Name this type of bond.

(ii) Describe how this type of forces is generated.

_________________ _________________ _________________

(ii) Explain this trend.

Task № Answer Mark Additional

3) Divide each of the found values by the smallest of 1

4) If necessary, multiply these numbers by integers in 1

Thus, the empirical formula of methyl acetate is

1. Find the correct name for the following molecule in

6. What does the rate constant mean?

A) Zero order of the reaction;

A) Increasing the pressure;

The responses A to D should be selected on the basis of

No other combination of statements is used as a correct response.

1. 1 is Kinetic energy, and 2 is Fraction of molecules;

13. Which statement(s) about order of the reaction is (are) correct?

1. This graph represents the half-life for the

16. There are two types of catalysts: homogeneous

(b) A lot of hydrocarbons mostly containing alkanes are used as a fuel.

(ii) Write the formula for calculation of enthalpy of formation:

20. Look at the following reaction:

[A] /moldm-3 [B] /moldm-3 Initial rate /moldm-3s-1

(ii) Draw a diagram showing the following reaction on a nickel catalyst:

22. Write down the formula for the equilibrium constant:

Change of the factor Shift equilibrium Change equilibrium

Task № Answer Mark Additional

17(b) 1 One mark for

17 (c) By the isomerization / isomerisation process; 1

One mark for

23 5 One mark for

One mark for

One mark for

One mark for

One mark for

1. Find the correct test for alkenes:

6. Find the correct product(s) of oxidation of 2-methylbutan-2-ol.

12. Infrared-spectroscopy is based on infrared frequencies absorption by a molecule. Find NOT

The responses A to D should be selected on the basis of

No other combination of statements is used as a correct response.

13. Find the correct statement(s) about carbon neutrality.

19. Gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) is a common type of chromatography used in analytical

(ii) Deduce the name of the product.

(iv) Draw the formula of the minor product.

(ii) What is the name of this mechanism?

_________ _ _________