Course Title: Child Adolescent Learner and Learning Principles

Course No: Ed. 101

Module 2

Theories on Human Development

A. Cognitive and Psycho- social Theories

LESSON 1
Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory
 MODULE 2. Theories on Human Development

LESSON 1. FREUD’S PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY

Learning Topic Resource Materials Assessment

Outcomes Tasks

During and Corpuz, B., et al (2010).

Child and adolescent
upon
development. Quezon City:
completion of Topic. Theories on Lorimar Publishing Worksheet 1:
the course the Reflection
Human Development
students should Corpuz, B., et al (2019).
have: Child and adolescent Paper
development and learning
Lesson 1. Freud’s principles.
1.2. identified Psychoanalytic Theory Quezon City:
the Lorimar
implications of Publishing

psychoanalytic
Berger, K. (1994). The
theory to developing person through
the the life span. New York:
teaching and Worth Publishers
learning
https://
journals.sagepub.com/doi
/abs/ 10.2190/r4ek-u2v5-
2c35-
28p0?journalCode=ahdb
 Learning Outcomes:

During and upon completion of the course the students should have:

1. Explain Freud's views about child and adolescent development:

2. Draw implications of Freud's theory to education.

THEORIES AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

“The poor ego has a still harder time of it; it has to serve three harsh masters, and it has to do
its best to reconcile the demands of all three…The three tyrants are the external worlds, the
superego and the id.” (Sigmund Freud , 1932)

Introduction

As a person grows, the personality is also formed. Many psychologists present different
views about how personality develops. Freud presents a very interesting theory about
personality, its component and development.
Freud believes about the unconscious and also about sexual development. He identified
specific erogenous zones for each stage of development. These are the specific “pleasure
areas” that become focal points for the particular stage. If needs are not met along the area, a
fixation occurs.

2.1. FREUD’S STAGES OF PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT

Freud is the most popular psychologist that studied the development of personality, also
probably the most controversial. His theory of psychosexual development includes five
distinct stages. According to Freud, a person goes through the sequence of these five stages
and along the way there are needs to be met, whether these stages are met or not, determines
whether the person will develop a healthy personality or not. The theory is quite interesting for
many because Freud identified specific erogenous zones for each stage of development. These
are specific “pleasure areas” that become focal points for the particular stage. If needs are not
met along the area, a fixation occurs. As an adult , the person will now manifest behaviours
related to this erogenous zone.

Erogenous zone - A specific area that becomes the focus of pleasure needs. This may
be the mouth, anus and genitals.

Fixation – Results from failure to satisfy the needs of a particular psychosexual stage
Oral Stage – birth to 18 months

The erogenous zones on this stage is the mouth. The child is focused on oral pleasures
( sucking). Too much or too little satisfaction can lead to an Oral Fixation or Oral Personality
which is shown in an increased focus on oral activities.

Types of Personality

 Oral Receptive – have a stronger tendency to smoke, drink alcohol and overeat.
 Oral Aggressive – tendency to bite his/her nails, or use curse words or even gossip.

Anal Stage (18 months to 3 years)

The erogenous zones on this stage is the anus.

 Anal Retentive – an obsession with cleanliness, perfection, and control.

 Anal Expulsive - in this stage the child become messy and disorganized.

Phallic Stage ( ages 3 to 6)

The pleasure or erogenous zone is the genitals. During the preschool age, children
become interested in what makes boys and girls different.

 Oedipus Complex – the boys developing unconscious sexual attraction towards

their mother.
 Electra Complex – the girls developing unconscious sexual attraction towards their
mother.

Latency Stage ( age 6 to puberty)

The children’s focus is the acquisition of physical and academic skills. Boys usually
relate more with boys and girls with girls during this stage.

Genital Stage (Puberty Onwards)

This is the 5th stage of psychosexual development begins at the start of puberty when
sexual urges are once again awakened.
 FREUD’S PERSONALITY COMPONENTS

The id

It plays a vital role in one's personality because as a baby, it works so that the essential
needs are met.

It operates on the pleasure principle. It focuses on immediate gratification or satisfaction

of its needs. So whatever feels good right now is what will pursue with no consideration for
the reality,logically or practicality on the situation.

Nothing else matters to the id , except the satisfaction of its own needs. when the id want
something, it wants it now and it wants it fast.
The ego

As the baby turns into toddler and then into pre schooler, he relates more with the
environment. The ego slowly begin to emerge. The ego operates using the reality principle. It
is aware that others also have the needs to be met.

It is practical because it knows that being impulsive or selfish can result to negative
consequences later, so it reasons and considers the best response to situations.

Although its functions is the id to meet its needs, it always takes into account the reality
situation.

The Superego

Near the end of the pre school years, or the end of the phallic stage, the superego
develops.

It embodies a person's moral aspect. This develops from what the parents, teachers and
other persons who exert influence impart to be good or moral.

The superego is likened to conscience because it exerts influence on what one

considers right now and wrong.

THE THREE COMPONENTS AND PERSONALITY ADJUSTMENT

The Unconscious

Most of what we go through in or lives, emotions, beliefs, feelings and impulses deep
within are not available in our conscious level. He believed that most of what influence us is
our unconscious.

Complexes are in our unconscious, they still influence our thinking, feeling and doing
in perhaps dramatic ways.

The Conscious

All that we are aware of is stored in our conscious mind. It only comprises a very small
part of who we are so that, in our everyday life, we are only aware of a very small part of what
makes up our personality; most of what we are is hidden and out of reach.

The Subconscious/Preconscious

This is the part of us that we can reach if prompted, but is not in our active conscious.
It's right below the surface, but still “hidden' somewhat unless we search for it.

The Non-conscious

The water , may represent all that we are not aware of, have not experienced , and has not been
made part of our personalities referred to as the non-conscious.

Key Points to Remember

1. Erogenous zone - A specific area that becomes the focus of pleasure needs. This may be
the mouth, anus and genitals.
2. Fixation – Results from failure to satisfy the needs of a particular psychosexual stage
Freud’s stages of Psychosexual Development include oral stage – birth to 18 months; Anal
Stage (18 months to 3 years) ; Phallic Stage ( ages 3 to 6) ; Latency Stage ( age 6 to
puberty) ; Genital Stage (Puberty Onwards)

3. Oedipus Complex – the boys developing unconscious sexual attraction towards their
mother.
4. Electra Complex – the girls developing unconscious sexual attraction towards their
mother.
5. Freud’s Personality Components; the Id, Ego and Super Ego
6. The three Components and Personality Adjustment: Unconscious, Subconscious an
NonConscious
7. Complexes are in our unconscious, they still influence our thinking, feeling and doing in
perhaps dramatic ways.
8. All that we are aware of is stored in our conscious mind.
9. Subconcious right below the surface, but still “hidden' somewhat unless we search for it
10. The id It plays a vital role in one's personality because as a baby, it works so that the
essential needs are met. It operates on the pleasure principle.
11. The ego operates using the reality principle. It is aware that others also have the needs to
be met.
12. Super Ego embodies a person's moral aspect

Worksheet 3.

Write your answer on a separate sheet.

1. Make a reflection as to your experiences. Think of your particular behavior/s

that were not satisfy in your young years. Elaborate those behaviors/attitudes
that still exist in you that you think were not satisfy. In what psychosexual
stage these should have fixed?

2. Explain each stage of Freud psychosexual theory citing the erogenous zone of
each stage and how this affect the behavior of every individual and elucidate
its implication to teaching and learning.

3. Compare and contrast Id, Ego and Super Ego. Describe each one and cite
situation/s how these 3 had played its significant role in your life.