SEQUENCE AND SERIES

Number series tests present numerical sequences that follow a logical rule which is based on
elementary arithmetic. An initial sequence is given from which the rule is to be deduced. You are then
asked to predict the next number that obeys the rule. The difficulty level of these questions can
increase in two ways; first, the logic behind the sequence becomes less trivial and demands attention
and creativity; second, the missing number can be positioned at an early stage, thus preventing you
from deciphering the hidden rule by looking only at the previous numbers in the sequence.
Different types of Number Series

There are some formats of series which are given in Exams.

Perfect Square Series: This Types of Series are based on square of a number which is in same order
and one square number is missing in that given series.
Example: 441, 484, 529, 576?
Answer: 441 = 212, 484 = 222, 529 = 232, 576 = 242 , 625 = 252.
Perfect Cube Series: This Types of Series are based on cube of a number which is in same order and
one cube number is missing in that given series
Example : 1331, 1728, 2197, ?
Answer : 113 , 123 , 133 , 143
Geometric Series: This type of series are based on ascending or descending order of numbers and
each successive number is obtain by multiplying or dividing the previous number with a fixed
number.
Example : 5, 45, 405, 3645,?
Answer: 5 x 9 = 45, 45 x 9 = 405, 405 x 9 = 3645, 3645 x 9 = 32805.
Two stage Type Series: A two tier Arithmetic series is one in which the differences of successive
numbers themselves form an arithmetic series.
Example 4: i. 3, 9, 18, 35, 58,——
ii. 6, 9, 17, 23,———-
Mixed Series: This type of series are more than one different order are given in a series which
arranged in alternatively in a single series or created according to any non-conventional rule. This
mixed series Examples are describes in separately.
Examples: 11, 24, 50, 102, 206, ?
Answer: 11 x 2 = 22 +2 = 24,
24 x 2 = 48 + 2 = 50,
50 x 2 = 100 + 2 = 102,
102 x 2 = 204 + 2 = 206,
206 x 2 = 412 + 2 = 414.
So the missing number is 414.
Letter Series
 A series of single, pairs of groups or combination of letters and numerals is given.
 The terms of the series form a certain pattern as regards the position of the letters in the
English alphabet.
 You have to decipher the pattern and accordingly, find the missing term or wrong term in the
given series.
Examples:
1. A, C, F, J, ?, ?
Sol: A (B) C, C (D, E) F, F (G, H, I) J, J (K, L, M, N) O, O (P, Q, R, S, T) U
So, the next terms are O, U.

2. BMO, EOQ, HQS, ?

Sol: See all the first letters of the given series.
B (C, D) E, E (F, G) H, H (I, J) K
Now, see all the second letters of the given series.
M (N) O, O (P) Q, Q (R) S
Now, see all the third letters of the given series.
O (P) Q, Q (R) S, S (T) U
So, the next term will be KSU.
Alpha-Numeric Series: It is a jumbled combination of Alphabetic and Numeric series.
Examples:
1. Z1A, X2D, V6G, T21J, R88M, ?
Sol: The series formed by the numerals 1, 2, 6, 21, 88,… follow the pattern
x 1 + 1, x 2 + 2, x 3 + 3, x 4 + 4, …
So, numeral in the desired term = 88 x 5 + 5 = 445
Observe the first letters of all the terms.
Z (Y) X, X (W) V, V (U) T, T (S) R, R (Q) P
Observe the second letters of all the terms.
A (B, C) D, D (E, F) G, G (H, I) J, J (K, L) M, M (N, O) P
So, the next term in the series will be P445P.

2. Find the odd man out from the following series.

G4T, J10R, M20P, P43N
Sol: Observe the pattern followed by the first letter in all the terms.
G (H, I) J, J (K, L) M, M (N, O) P
Observe the pattern followed by the second letter in all the terms.
T (S) R, R (Q) P, P (O) N
Observe the pattern followed by the numerals in all the terms.
Here, if x 2 + 1 rule is satisfied then second term should be J9R.
This rule can be applied to whole series except the second term.
So, J10R is the odd man.
Continuous Pattern Series:
 This type of series usually consists of a small letters which follow a certain pattern.
 But some letters will be missing from the series.
 These missing letters are then given in a proper sequence as one of the choices.
 You have to choose the correct alternative.
Example:
1. aab _ aaa _ bba _
1) baa 2) abb 3) bab 4) aab 5) bbb
Sol:
Step 1: Fill the first blank space by ‗b‘ so that you can have two a‘s followed by two b‘s.
Step 2: Fill the second blank space either by ‗a‘ so that you have four a‘s followed by two b‘s or ‗b‘
so that you have three a‘s followed by three b‘s.
Step 3: The last space must be filled by ‗a‘.
Step 4: So, now you can have two possible answers: ‗baa‘ and ‗bba‘. But, only baa appears in the
choices. Thus 1 is the answer.
Step 5: In case, you have both the possible answers in the choices, you have to chose the one that
forms a more prominent pattern, which is aabb/aaabbb/aa. Thus, your answer should be ‗bba‘.

Arithmetic, Geometric and Harmonic Progressions

Arithmetic Progression
An arithmetic progression is a sequence of numbers in which each term is derived from the preceding
term by adding or subtracting a fixed number called the common difference "d".
The general form of an Arithmetic Progression is a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d and so on.
 The nth term of an AP series is Tn = a + (n - 1) d,
where Tn = nth term and a = first term. Here d = common difference = Tn - Tn-1.
 Sum of first n terms of an AP: S = [2a + (n- 1)d]/2
 The sum of n terms is also equal to the formula = n/2[a+l],
where l is the last term.
 Tn = Sn - Sn-1 , where Tn = nth term
 When three quantities are in AP, the middle one is called as the arithmetic mean of the other
two. If a, b and c are three terms in AP then b = (a+c)/2
For example, 3,7,11,15,19 is an Arithmetic Progression in which
constant difference= 7-3 = 11-7 = 15-11 = 4, and first term = 3

Geometric Progression
A geometric progression is a sequence in which each term is derived by multiplying or dividing the
preceding term by a fixed number called the common ratio.
The general form of a GP is a, ar, ar2, ar3 and so on.
 The nth term of a GP series is Tn = arn-1,
where a = first term and r = common ratio = Tn/Tn-1) .
 The formula applied to calculate sum of first n terms of a GP: Sn=a[rn-1]/[r-1]
 The sum of infinite terms of a GP series S∞= a/(1-r) where 0< r<1.
 When three quantities are in GP, the middle one is called as the geometric mean of the other
two. If a, b and c are three quantities in GP and b is the geometric mean of a and c i.e. b =√ac
For example, 4,8,16,32,64 is a in which
First term a = 4 and r (common ratio) = 8/4 = 16/8 =32/16 = 2

Harmonic Progression
A series of terms is known as a HP series when their reciprocals are in arithmetic progression.
 The nth term of a HP series is Tn =1/ [a + (n -1) d].
In order to solve a problem on Harmonic Progression, one should make the corresponding AP series
and then solve the problem.
 nth term of H.P. = 1/(nth term of corresponding A.P.)
 If three terms a, b, c are in HP, then b =2ac/(a+c).
For Example: 1/a, 1/(a+d), 1/(a+2d), and so on are in HP because a, a + d, a + 2d are in AP.

Relation between Means of AP, GP and HP

AM = (a+b)/2
GM = √ab
HM = 2ab/a+b
By solving these equations, we can say
GM2 = AM*HM

Standard Series

The sum of first n natural numbers= ∑ n = 1+ 2 + 3 + 4 +....+ n = n(n+1)/2

The sum of squares of first n natural numbers= ∑ n2 = 12 + 22 + 32 +....+ n2 = n(n+1)(2n+1)/6
The sum of cubes of the first n natural number
= ∑ n3 = 1ˆ3 + 2ˆ3 + 3ˆ3 + 4ˆ3 +……+ nˆ3 = [n(n+1)/2]2 = n2(n+1)2/4
Sum of first n odd natural numbers = 1+ 3 + 5 +......+ up to n terms = nˆ2.
Sum of first n even natural numbers = 2 +4 + 6 +......+ up to n terms = n (n+1).

Example 1: Find the nth term of the A.P. 5,9,13,17.....

(1) 4n+3 (2) 4n+2 (3) 4n+1 (4) 5n+1
Solution: (3) In the given A.P.,
we have a = 5, d = 9-5 = 4
using an = a +(n-1)d, we get
= 5 +(4-1)6=> an = 4n+1

Example 2: How many terms are there in the A.P. given by 15,21,27,....279
(1) 85 (2) 55 (3) 43 (4) 45
Solution: (4) let the A.P.contain n terms, then
we have a = 15, d = 21-15 = 6 an = 279
using an = a +(n-1)d, we get
=>279 = 15 +(n-1)6
=>6n = 270=>n = 45

Example 3: Find the 7th term of the G.P. 4,8,16.....

(1) 256 (2) 156 (3) 254 (4) 264
Solution: (1) In the given G.P.., a = 4,r = 8/4 = 2
Using an = ar^n-1,where n =7
a7 = 4*2^7-1 = 4*2^6 = 256

Example 4: Consider the sequence where nth term is tn = n/(n+2), n = 1,2,...........

The value of t3*t4*t5*................t53 equals:
A. 2/495
B. 2/477
C. 12/55
D. 1/1485
E. 1/2970
Solution: Answer is option A
t3*t4*t5*....*t53 = 3/5 * 4/6 * 5/7 * .......* 53/55
= 3*4*(5*6*7*....*53) / (5*6*7*...*53)*54*55
= 3*4 / 54*55 = 2/495
 LEVEL - I

Q(1-5) Find the missing number in the given series.

1. 2, 7, 10, 22, 18, 37, 26,?

A. 42 B. 52 C. 46 D. 62 E. None of these

2. 279936, 46656, 7776, 1296, 216, ?

A. 60 B. 46 C. 36 D. 66 E. None of these

3. 12, 38, 116, 350, 1052, ?

A. 1800 B. 2200 C. 2800 D. 3158 E.None of these

4. 46080, 3840, 384, 48, 8, 2, ?

A. 1 B. 1/64 C. 1/8 D. 2 E. None of these

5. 5,28,57,88,125
A. 156 B. 147 C. 166 D. 186 E. None of these

Q (6-10). Find the wrong number in the following series.

6.13, 18, 25, 30, 37, 40

A. 25 B. 30 C. 37 D. 40 E. None of these

7. 15 46 63 71 75 77 78
A.15 B.46 C.63 D.71 E.75

8. 2, 3, 12, 37, 86, 166, 288

A.37 B.86 C.166 D.288 E.12

9. 15, 16, 34, 105, 424, 2124, 12756

A.16 B.34 C.105 D.424 E.2124

10. 3, 7, 15, 27, 63, 127, 255

A.7 B.15 C.27 D.63 E.127

11. Look at this series: 7, 10, 8, 11, 9, 12, … What number should come next?
A. 7 B. 10 C. 12 D. 13

12. Look at this series: 53, 53, 40, 40, 27, 27, … What number should come next?
A. 12 B. 14 C. 27 D. 53

13. Look at this series: 21, 9, 21, 11, 21, 13, 21, … What number should come next?
A. 14 B. 15 C. 21 D. 23

14. Look at this series: 1.5, 2.3, 3.1, 3.9, … What number should come next?
A. 4.2 B. 4.4 C. 4.7 D. 5.1
15. Look at this series: 14, 28, 20, 40, 32, 64, … What number should come next?
A. 52 B. 56 C. 96 D. 128

16. 7, 9, 13, 21, 37, ?

A. 58 B. 63 C. 69 D. 72

17. 0, 4, 18, 48, ?, 180

A. 58 B. 68 C. 84 D. 100

18. 10, 21, 52, 165, ?

A. 648 B. 468 C. 334 D. 668

19. 6 4 8 23 ? 385.25
A. 84.5 B. 73 C. 78.5 D. 82

20. 9 11 15 ? 39 71
A. 29 B. 23 C. 21 D. 27

LEVEL – II

1. C, E, H, L, Q, ?
A. R B. W C. U D. X

2. H, V, G, T, F, R, E, P, ?
A. K, L B. D, N C. C, D D. L, K

3. EV, JQ, OL, ?

A. TH B. TG C. FT D. US

4. prt ......... bdf , hjl , npr

A. uwy B. vya C. vxz D. axy

5. C-3, E-6, G-12, I-24, K-48, ?

A. S-48 B. M-96 C. L-96 D. O-48

6. Q1F, S2E, U6D, W21C, ?

A. Z88B B. Y66B C. Y88B D. Y44B

7. 2Z5, 7Y7, 14X9, 23W11, 34V13, ?

A. 27U24 B. 47U15 C. 45U15 D. 47V14

8. P3C, R5F, T8I, V12L, ?

A. Y17O B. X17M C. X17O D. X16O

9. J2Z, K4X, I7V, ?, H16R, M22P

A. L11S B. L12T C. L11T D. L12S
10. A, CD, GHI, ?, UVWXY
A. LMNO B. MNO C. MNOP D. NOPQ

11. dc_ _ abc_cb_abcb_abaa

A. bacaa B. badaa C. cadaa D. bbcaa

12. ab_ _ea_bc_aaabc_aa_b

A. cdaabb B. cdabab C. caadaa D. cdadaa

13. bcp_bc_ _qbcdpq_bcd_ _qr

A. qdprpq B. qpdpqr C. qdprep D. qdpepr

14. 21 : 3 :: 574 : ?
A. 23 B. 82 C. 97 D. 113

15. 1 : 1 :: 25 : ?
A. 26 B. 125 C. 240 D. 625

16. 121 : 12 :: 25 : ?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 6 D. 7

17. Finding the odd-pair, (95 - 82) , (69 - 56) , (55 - 42) , (48 - 34)
A. 95 – 82 B. 69 – 56 C. 55 – 42 D. 48 - 34

18. Finding the odd-pair, (3 - 5) , (5 - 3) , (6 - 2) , (7 - 3)

A. 3 – 5 B. 5 – 3 C. 6 – 2 D. 7 - 3

19. Choose or find odd number: 45 , 99 , 109 , 126 , 207

A. 45 B. 99 C. 109 D. 126

20. AYBXCW, FTGSHR, KOLNMM, ?

A. PQRSTU B. PJQIRH C. PIQHRQ D. PDQIRH
 LEVEL – III

1. A man takes a NEW YEAR VOW that, starting from his 30th birthday, he would carry coconuts to
a temple, equal to his age to offer to GOD. By what age could he have offered 500 coconuts to GOD?
A. 39years B. 43 years C. 45 years D. None of these

2. The fourth term of an arithmetic progression is 8.The sum of the first seven terms is
A. 7 B. 64 C. 56 D. can‘t be determined

3. The 69th term of an arithmetic progression is 16 times the fourth term of that arithmetic
progression. Find the 20th term of the arithmetic progression, if its 7th term is 22.
A. 61 B. 48 C. 53 D. 67

4. Find the sum of all the natural numbers between 70 and 250 which are neither divisible by 6 nor by
8.
A. 20, 440 B. 21, 438 C. 22, 550 D. 25, 250

5. A ball is dropped from a height of 12 m and it rebound ½ of the distance it falls. If it continues to
fall and rebound in this way, how far will it travel before coming to rest?
A. 36 m B. 30m C. 48 m D. 24 m

6. Find the nth term of the sequence 2 ×3 ×4 + 3 ×4 ×5 + 4 ×5 ×6 + …

A. n3 + n2 + 6 B. n2 + 6n + 6 C. n3 + 3n + 6 D. n3 + 6n2 + 11n + 6

7. What is the product of the first 11 terms of a geometric progression if the sixth term is 2?
A. 1008 B. 2048 C. 2164 D. Cannot be determined

8. If 4 arithmetic means are inserted between 7 and 52, find the sum of arithmetic means.
A. 102 B. 118 C. 116 D. 120

9. There are four natural numbers, the first three of which form a G.P. and the last three are in A.P.
The sum of the extremes is equal to 21 and the sum of the means is equal to 18. Two of the 4 numbers
are
A. 3 and 18 B. 3 and 14 C. 4 and 12 D. 5 and 15

10. Find first term, common ratio and number of terms of the G.P. in which a7 – a5 = 48,
a6 + a5 = 48 and Sn = 1023.
A. 2, 3, 8 B. 2, 2, 10 C. 3, 2, 8 D. 1, 2, 10

11. A group of 630 children is arranged in rows for a group photograph session. Each row contains
three fewer children than the row in front of it. What number of rows is not possible?
A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6

12. Find the sum to 20 terms of the series 1 × 22 + 3 × 42 + 5 × 62 + …

A. 111400 B. 284500 C. 341320 D. 111440
13. If x, y, z are in GP and x + 3, y + 3, z + 3 are in HP, then
A. y = 2 B. y = 3 C. y = 1 D. y = 0

14. On a straight road XY 100 m long, five heavy stones are placed 2 m apart beginning at X. A
worker, starting at X, has to transport all the stones to Y, by carrying only one stone at a time. The
minimum distance he has to travel is
A. 472 m B. 422 m C. 744 m D. 860 m

15. If S1 = {1}, S2 = {2, 3}, S3 = {4, 5, 6}, S4 = {7, 8, 9, 10} and so on, then sum of all the elements
of S15 =
A. 1695 B. 1235 C. 2056 D. 3751

16. Find the sum of the first 8 terms of an arithmetic progression if the sum of the second term, third
term, sixth term and seventh term is 18.
A. 28 B. 34 C. 36 D. Cannot be determined

17. Find three numbers in GP whose sum is 52 and the sum of whose products in pair is 624.
A. 7, 15, 30 B. 4, 8, 40 C. 4, 12, 36 D. 6, 12, 34

18. Find the number of terms, in the series 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, ........... to which the sum is 36.
A. 4 B. 9 C. Either (A) or (B) D. Neither (A) nor (B)

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
     ...     ...
19. If S = 1 + 9 25 49 81 121 , then what is the value of 1 + 4 9 16 25

3S 4S 4(S 1) 3( S  1)
A. 2 B. 3 C. 3 D. 2

20. Find the sum of the squares of the first 10 terms of the series whose sum upto n terms is given by
2n 2  4n.
A. 7080 B. 6070 C. 5670 D. 7650
 LOGICAL SEQUENCE OF WORDS

Logical Arrangement is the meaningful arrangement of words in accordance with the natural laws and
universally accepted concepts. In this type of problems, a sequence is to be formed with the given
number of words in such a way that the particular arrangement of the words gives a logical step by
step completion of some process or activity. The candidate is required to find out the proper logical
arrangement of these words from the given alternatives.
Different types of questions are covered in this chapter are as follows.
 Sequence of Occurrence of Events or Various Stages in a Process
 Sequence of Objects in a Class or Group
 Sequence in Ascending or Descending Order
 Sequential Order of Words According to Dictionary

Type 1: Sequence of Occurrence of Events or Various Stages in a Process

The given words may be such that they are related to a particular event or represent the various stages
of a certain chained process from beginning to end. A candidate is required to choose that option from
the given alternatives, which represents the correct logical sequence of the process.

Example 1: Arrange the following words in a meaningful order

1. Reading
2. Composing
3. Writing
4. Printing
(a) 1, 3, 4,2
(b) 2, 3, 4, 1
(c) 3, 1, 2, 4
(d) 3, 2, 4, 1
Solution: (d)
The given words represent the various stages in the process of publishing. Firstly, the matter is
written, followed by composition of that written matter. Then, this composed matter is printed
followed by reading. So, the correct order is 3241.

Type 2: Sequence of Objects in a Class or Group (From Part to Whole)

Sometimes words may be given such that they are related to a particular class or a group. A candidate
is required to choose that option from the given alternative which shows the correct logical sequence
of the objects in a particular class or group. The examples given below will give you a better idea
about such words.

Example 2: Arrange the following words in a meaningful order.

1. Andhra Pradesh
2. Universe
3. Tirupati
4. World
5. India
(a) 3, 1, 4, 5, 2
(b) 1, 3, 5, 4, 2
(c) 3, 1, 5, 4, 2
 (d) 3, 1, 2, 4, 5
Solution: (c)
Tirupati is a city situated in the Andhra Pradesh state of India. India is a part of the world and world in
turn, is a part of the universe. So, the correct sequence of part to whole is given as Tirupati Andhra
Pradesh India World Universe and the correct option showing the sequence is (c).

Type 3: Sequence in Ascending or Descending Order

The items or objects represented by the given words may be related to each other in terms of their
properties. A candidate is required to arrange the given words on the basis of increasing/ decreasing
order of their size, age, need, value, intensity etc.

Example 3: Arrange the following words in a logical sequence.

1. Gold
2. Iron
3. Sand
4. Platinum
5. Diamond
(a) 2, 4, 3, 5, 1
(b) 3, 2, 1, 5, 4
(c) 4, 5, 1, 3, 2
(d) 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
Solution: (b)
All the given words represent substances which can be arranged in the increasing order of their cost.
The least costly is sand after which comes the cost of iron, followed by gold, diamond and the
costliest among all is platinum. So, they can be arranged in a logical order as 3 2154.

Type 4: Sequence Order of Words According to Dictionary

In such type of question, the candidate is required to choose that option from the given alternatives,
which is having the correct sequential order of words according to the English dictionary. To check
the order of words in English dictionary, first of all check the first letter of each word to find which
among these comes first English alphabet followed by second letter and so on. The word whose letter
comes first in English alphabet comes, the word whose letter comes second in English alphabet comes
second and so on.

Example 4: Arrange the following words according to English dictionary.

1. Hepatitis
2. Cholera
3. Peptidoglycan
4. Chitin
(a) 2, 3, 1, 4
(b) 4, 2, 1, 3
(c) 4, 1, 3, 2
(d) 3, 1, 4, 2
Solution: (b)
According to English dictionary, Chitin comes first, followed by Cholera which in turn is followed by
Hepatitis and the last will be peptidoglycan. So, the correct sequential order of words is 4213.
 LEVEL - I

1. Arrange the words given below in a meaningful sequence.

1.Presentation 2.Recommendation 3. Arrival 4.Discussion 5.Introduction
A. 5, 3, 4, 1, 2 B. 3, 5, 4, 2, 1 C. 3, 5, 1, 4, 2 D. 5, 3, 1, 2, 4

2. Arrange the words given below in a meaningful sequence.

1. Poverty 2. Population 3. Death 4. Unemployment 5. Disease
A. 2, 3, 4, 5, 1 B. 3, 4, 2, 5, 1 C. 2, 4, 1, 5, 3 D. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

3. Arrange the following in a logical order :

1. Euphoria 2. Happiness 3. Ambivalence 4. Ecstasy 5. Pleasure
A. 1, 4, 2, 5, 3 B. 2, 1, 3, 4, 5 C. 3, 2, 5, 1, 4 D. 4, 1, 3, 2, 5

4. Arrange the words given below in a meaningful sequence.

1.Caste 2. Family 3. Newly married Couple 4.Clan 5.Species
A. 2, 3, 1, 4, 5 B. 3, 4, 5, 1, 2 C. 3, 2, 1, 4, 5 D. 4, 5, 3, 2, 1

5. Arrange the words given below in a meaningful sequence.

1.Elephant 2.Cat 3.Mosquito 4.Tiger 5. Whale
A. 5, 3, 1, 2, 4 B. 3, 2, 4, 1, 5 C. 1, 3, 5, 4, 2 D. 2, 5, 1, 4, 3

6. Choose Odd one out of the options ?

A. PSRQ B. SVUT C. MNPO D. KNML

7. Arrange the following in a logical order :

1. Shoulder 2. Wrist 3. Elbow 4. Palm 5. Finger
A. 2, 4, 5, 3, 1 B. 3, 1, 4, 2, 5 C. 3, 4, 5, 2, 1 D. 5, 4, 2, 3, 1

8. Arrange the following words in an appropriate order

1. Rainbow 2. Rain 3. Sun 4. Happy 5. Child
A. 4, 2, 3, 5, 1 B. 4, 5, 1, 2, 3 C. 2, 1, 4, 5, 3 D. 2, 3, 1, 5, 4

9. Arrange the words given below in a meaningful sequence.

1. Key 2. Door 3. Lock 4. Room 5. Switch on
A. 5, 1, 2, 4, 3 B. 4, 2, 1, 5, 3 C. 1, 3, 2, 4, 5 D. 1, 2, 3, 5, 4

10. Arrange the words given below in a meaningful sequence.

1. Word 2. Paragraph 3. Sentence 4. Letters 5. Phrase
A. 4, 1, 5, 2, 3 B. 4, 1, 3, 5, 2 C. 4, 2, 5, 1, 3 D. 4, 1, 5, 3, 2

11. Arrange the words given below in a meaningful sequence.

1. Police 2. Punishment 3. Crime 4. Judge 5. Judgement
A. 3, 1, 2, 4, 5 B. 1, 2, 4, 3, 5 C. 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 D. 3, 1, 4, 5, 2

12. Arrange the words given below in a meaningful sequence.

1. Family 2. Community 3. Member 4. Locality 5. Country
A. 3, 1, 2, 4, 5 B. 3, 1, 2, 5, 4 C. 3, 1, 4, 2, 5 D. 3, 1, 4, 5, 2
13. Arrange the words given below in a meaningful sequence.
1. Protect 2. Pressure 3. Relief 4. Rain 5. Flood
A. 2, 4, 3, 1, 5 B. 2, 4, 5, 1, 3 C. 2, 5, 4, 1, 3 D. 3, 2, 4, 5, 1

14. Arrange the words given below in a meaningful sequence.

1. Tree 2. Seed 3. Flowers 4. Fruit 5. Plant
A. 5, 2, 1, 3, 4 B. 2, 5, 1, 4, 3 C. 2, 5, 1, 3, 4 D. 2, 5, 3, 1, 4

15. Arrange the words given below in a meaningful sequence.

1. Adult 2. Child 3. Infant 4. Boy 5. Adolescent
A. 1, 3, 4, 5, 2 B. 2, 3, 5, 4, 1 C. 2, 3, 4, 1, 5 D. 3, 2, 4, 5, 1

16. Arrange the words given below in a meaningful sequence.

1. Leaves 2. Branch 3. Flower 4. Tree 5. Fruit
A. 4, 3, 1, 2, 5 B. 4, 2, 5, 1, 3 C. 4, 3, 2, 1, 5 D. 4, 2, 1, 3, 5

17. Arrange the words given below in a meaningful sequence.

1. Post-box 2. Letter 3. Envelope 4. Delivery 5. Clearance
A. 2, 3, 1, 4, 5 B. 3, 2, 1, 4, 5 C. 3, 2, 1, 5, 4 D. 3, 2, 4, 5, 1

18. Arrange the words given below in a meaningful sequence.

1. Atomic Age 2. Metallic Age 3. Stone Age 4. Alloy Age
A. 1, 3, 4, 2 B. 2, 3, 1, 4 C. 3, 2, 4, 1 D. 4, 3, 2, 1

19. Arrange the words given below in a meaningful sequence.

1. Sentence 2. Chapter 3. Letter 4. Book 5. Word 6. Paragraph
A. 4, 2, 1, 6, 5, 3 B. 4, 2, 6, 1, 5, 3 C. 4, 6, 1, 2, 3, 5 D. 4, 6, 2, 5, 1, 3

20. Arrange the words given below in a meaningful sequence.

1. College 2. Child 3. Salary 4. School 5. Employment
A. 1, 2, 4, 3, 5 B. 2, 4, 1, 5, 3 C. 4, 1, 3, 5, 2 D. 5, 3, 2, 1, 4
 LEVEL - II

1. Carnivorous : Tiger : Wolf

A. Cat : Cow : Milk B. Student : Boy : Girl
C. Worker : Master : Manager D. Mango : Banana : Fruit

2. Horse : Foal : Mare

A. Sheep : Lamb : Goat B. Lion : Cub : Den
C. Man : Child : Woman D. Cat : Kitten : Puppy

3. Correspondent : News : Newspaper

A. Farmer : Crops : Food B. Cloud : Water : Ponds
C. Road : Vehicle : Destination D. Mason : Cement : Construction

4. France : Spain : Germany

A. Japan : China : Turkey B. Sri Lanka : Japan : India
C. Iraq : Kuwait : Iran D. Canada : California : Mexico

5. Love : Adoration : Infatuation

A. Smile : Frown : Anger B. Hate : Dislike : Attract
C. Murder : Stab : Assassinate D. None of these

6. Arrange the words given below in a meaningful sequence

1. Puberty 2. Adulthood 3. Childhood 4. Infancy 6. Senescence
A. 5,2,3,4,1 B. 4,3,2,1,5 C. 4,3,1,2,5 D. 2,4,3,1,5

7. Arrange the words given below in a meaningful sequence

1. Yarn 2. Plant 3. Saree 4. Cotton 5. Cloth
A. 2,4,1,5,3 B. 2,4,3,5,1 C. 2,4,5,1,3 D. 2,4,5,3,1

8. Arrange the words given below in a meaningful sequence

1. Sea 2. Rivulet 3. Ocean 4. River 5. Glacier
A. 5,4,3,2, 1 B. 5,4,2,3,1 C. 5,2,4,1,3 D. 5,2,1,3,4

9. Arrange the words given below in a meaningful sequence

1. Post-box 2. Letter 3. Envelope 4. Delivery 5. Clearance
A. 3,2,4,5,1 B. 3,2,1,5,4 C. 3,2,1,4,5 D. 2,3,1,4,5

10. Arrange the words given below in a meaningful sequence

1. Frog 2. Eagle 3. Grasshopper 4. Snake 5. Grass
A. 5.3,4,2,1 B. 5,3,1,4,2 C. 3,4,2,5,1 D. 1,3,5,2,4

11. In a game of whist, GEORGE partnered MARY, while TED had to select a partner from ANN,
EDNA, JOAN or ANGELA. Whom did he choose?
A. ANN B. EDNA C. JOAN D. ANGELA
12. Five plays K, L, M, N and O are to be staged from Monday to Friday of a week. On each day,
only one play will be staged. N or O should not be either the first or last to be staged. O should be
immediately followed by M. L should be staged immediately after N. One play is staged between K
and L. Which is the second play to be staged ?
A. L B. O C. M D. N

13. Arrange the words given below in a meaningful sequence.

1. Heel 2. Shoulder 3. Skull 4. Neck 5. Knee 6. Chest 7. Thigh 8. Stomach 9. Face 10. Hand
A. 3, 4, 7, 9, 2, 5, 8, 10, 6, 1 B. 3, 9, 4, 2, 10, 6, 8, 7, 5, 1
C. 2, 4, 7, 10, 1, 5, 8, 9, 6, 3 D. 4, 7, 10, 1, 9, 6, 2, 5, 8, 3

14. Choose the correct order

1. is 2. at 3. TV 4. film 5. midnight 6. a 7. on 8. great 9. There
A. 9, 1, 6, 8, 7, 4, 3, 2, 5 B. 9, 1, 6, 8, 4, 7, 3, 5, 3
C. 9, 1, 6, 8, 4, 7, 3, 2, 5 D. 9, 6, 1, 8, 4, 7, 3, 2, 5

15. Vishal, Priyatham, Raghu, Karthik and Veeru are five friends. Vishal is twice as old as priyatham.
Raghu is half age of Priyatham. Vishal is half the age of Veeru and Raghu is twice the age of Karthik.
Who is the youngest ?
A. Veeru B. Karthik C. Vishal D. Raghu

16. If the first and second digits are interchanged in each number from the following set of numbers,
and then the numbers are arranged in descending order, which number will be second ?
376 438 476 389 567
A. 376 B. 567 C. 389 D. 476

17. If Laxmi is taller than Ramya but shorter than Susmitha and Ramya is as tall as Hema but taller
than Avanthi, then Hema is :
A. shorter than Ramya B. taller than Laxmi
C. taller than susmitha D. shorter than Laxmi

18. There are seven persons P, Q, R, S, T, U and V up on a ladder(not in this order..P is further up
than T but is lower than R. Q is in the middle. V is between P and Q. T is between Q and U. If U is
between T and S, the person on the bottom step of the ladder will be ?
A. S B. R C. U D. T

19. Rearrange the following sentences (A), (B), (C), (D), (E) and (F) in the proper sequence to form a
meaningful paragraph.
(A) It causes a lot of physical problems especially for our eyes, body and mind.
(B) Such a lifestyle makes man lazy and excessively dependent on machines.
(C) Innovative products such as computers, laptops, mobile phones,
(D) Harmful radiation causes various terminal diseases.
(E) Technology has advanced rapidly and man cannot seem to live without it now.
(F) iPads have made things easier for us, but it also has its disadvantages.
Which of the following options is the correct arrangement ?
A. E C B A D F B. E C F A D B
C. D C B A E F D. D E B A C F
20. Find out which pair of words can be filled up in the blanks in the sentence to make the sentence
meaningfully complete.
The policy on foreign direct investment in multi- brand retail may be _______ in a political impasse,
but big retail chains are using India as sourcing base and making an _________ on local businesses.
A. Caught, impact B. Caught, effect C. Fetched, affect D. Fetching, impact
 ALPHABET TEST

In Alphabetical Test, letters in the given words are arranged according to the dictionary as per the
pattern in which the beginning letters of the given words appear in the English alphabets.
Position number of letters in English

Alphabetic test is five types. They are

1. Alphabetical quibble.
2. Alphabetical order of words.
3. Letter word problems.
4. Rule detection.
5. Word formation by unscrambling letters.
6. Word formation using letters of a given word.

1. Alphabetical quibble: Firstly, remember all the alphabets and numerical values are provided to
each and every letter accordingly. Here is a small logic like ―How to remember all the numerical
values‖.
Consider,
E‘s numerical value is 5
J‘s numerical value is 10
O‘s numerical value is 15
T‘s numerical value is 20
Y‘s numerical value is 25
So based on these numerical values, the letters near to it is easily obtained. This rule is also known as
EJOTY rule.
Also, need to know letters from left and letters from right. Left direction is from A to Z and Right
direction is from Z to A.

Example 1: Which letter is fifteenth from right?

Solution: First need to convert the numerical value into from left i.e. from 27 – 15 = 12
By EJOTY rule, 12th letter is L.

2. Alphabetical order of words: How to put the words in alphabetical order:

i. Need to check the words initially.
ii. Later, check the word which starts with first letter in alphabetical order.
iii. Then, arrange them in order such that the words should appear as seen in dictionary.

Example 2: Consider words like Temple, Tent, Fort, House, Mahal and arrange them in alphabetical
order.
Solution: Here, two words start with letters TE which is common. So consider the third letter from
both of them i.e. M and N. So, as M comes first Temple is written first.
Therefore, the correct order is Effort, House, Mahal, Temple and Tent.
3. Letter word problems: In letter word problems, need to know how many such pairs of letters will
be present in the given word each of which has as many letters between them in the word as in the
English alphabets. Consider an example to have a clear picture of it.

Example 3: How many such pairs of letters are there in the word ―HISTORY‖, each of which has as
many letters between them as in the English alphabet?
Solution: Given word is ‗HISTORY‘.
Step 1: Start counting from left to right.
Count from H i.e. H, I. Letters are matching.
Count from I i.e. I, J, K, L, M, N. Letters are not matching.
Count from S i.e. S, T. Letters are matching.
Count from T i.e. T, U, V, W. Letters are not matching.
Count from O i.e. O, P, Q. Letters are not matching.
Count from R i.e. R, S. Letters are not matching.
Count from Y i.e. Y. Not matching.
Step 2: Start counting from right to left.
Count from Y i.e. Y, Z. Not matching.
Count from R i.e. R, S, T. Letters are matching.
Count from O i.e. O, P, Q, R, S. Letters are not matching.
Count from T i.e. T, U, V, W. Letters are not matching.
Count from S i.e. S, T, U. Letters are not matching.
Count from I i.e. I, J. Letters are not matching.
Count from H i.e. H. Letters are matching.
Therefore, three such pairs of letters are there in the word ―HISTORY‖, each of which has as many
letters between them as in the English alphabet.

4. Rule detection: Here, the letters in between the adjacent letters will be skipped and questions are
based on ―by how many places the letters are shifted and which series suits the given rule‖.

Example 4: Number of letters skipped in between adjacent letters in the series is two. Which of
CFILORU, LNQIJK, RPCAFG and WZCDMP series observes this rule?
Solution: Consider first word i.e. CFILORU.
Now, gap between C and F is two.Similarly the gap between F and I; I and L, L and O, O and R, R
and U is also two. The gaps between letters in the remaining words are different and won‘t satisfy the
given rule. Therefore, in letter series CFILORU, the number of letters skipped in between adjacent
letters is two as shown above.

5. Word formation by unscrambling letters: Word formation itself says that rearrangement of the
letters in the given jumbled word. Letters in the given word will be jumbled and need to arrange them
in a meaningful order, numerical values will be given to the letters and need to find the word, find out
the odd one among the given words, and finding meaning or opposite of unscrambled word.

Example 5: Suppose the letters of the word ATEXR are numbered like 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 respectively and
what is the meaningful order of given word?
Solution: 3, 4, 2, 5, 1 is the correct order and the word is EXTRA.
6. Word formation using letters of a given word: Need to form new words from the only alphabets
present in the given words. Also remember that if any letter is repeated in the given word then only
use double letters otherwise should not be used more than once.

Example 6: If THOSE, SCENT, PRONE and COTTON are formed from PHOTOSYNTHETIC. Then
out of the given formed words find the word that cannot be formed from the letters in the word
PHOTOSYNTHETIC?
Solution: Given word is PHOTOSYNTHETIC
THOSE, SCENT and COTTON can be formed from the given word.
PRONE is the word that cannnot be formed from the given word since the word doesn‘t consist of
letter ‗R‘.
 LEVEL – I

Directions (1-10): The following question is based on the following alphabet series.
A B C D E F G H I J K L MN O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

1. Which letter is exactly midway between H and S in the given alphabet?

A. L B. M C. N D. No such letter

2. Which letter is sixteenth to the right of the letter which is fourth to the left of I?
A. S B. T C. U D. V

3. Which alphabet comes immediately before the sixth alphabet from the left extreme of the given
alphabets?
A. E B. F C. G D. U

4. Which letter is the seventh to the right of the thirteenth letter from your left?
A. S B. T C. U D. V

5. Which letter will be the sixth to the right of the eleventh letter from the right end of the alphabet?
A. K B. V C. J D. U
A B C D E F G H I J K L MN O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

6. If the above alphabet is divided in two equal halves -- from A to M and N to Z, which letter in the
later half would be corresponding to the letter J?
A. Q B. V C. X D. W

7. Which letter is midway between 22nd letter from the left and 21st letter from the right?
A. L B. M C. O D. None of these

8. If the above alphabet is written in the reverse order, which will be the eight letter to the right of O?
A. F B. G C. V D. W

9. If the given alphabet is arranged in reverse order, which letter will be the eighth letter to the left of
the seventh letter counting from the right end?
A. N B. O C. P D. Q

10. Which letter should be ninth letter to the left of ninth letter from the right, if the first half of the
given alphabet is reversed?
A. D B. E C. F D. I

11. How many independent words can 'STAINLESS' are divided into without changing the order of
the letters and using each letter only once?
A. Nil B. One C. Two D. Three

12. Which letter in the word 'SELFRIGHTEOUSNESS' does not change its position when the letters
are reversed?
A. E B. G C. H D. T
13. Arrange the given words Alphabetical Order and choose the one that comes first.
A. Animate B. Animosity C. Anguish D. Ankle

14. Arrange the given words Alphabetical Order and choose the one that comes first.
A. Probe B. Proclaim C. Proceed D. Probate

15. Arrange the given words in Alphabetical Order and tick the once that comes third.
A. Heaven B. Hillock C. Hawker D. Hilt

16. Arrange the given words in Alphabetical Order and tick the once that comes second.
A. Nozzle B. Normal C. Nostril D. Nomenclature

17. Arrange the given words in Alphabetical Order and tick the once that comes last.
A. Determination B. Destitute C. Detergent D. Distance

Directions (18-19): In each of the following questions, arrange the given words in the sequence in
which they occur in the dictionary and then choose the correct sequence.

18. 1. Preach 2. Praise 3. Precinct 4. Precept 5. Precede

A. 2, 1, 5, 4, 3 B. 2, 4, 3, 4, 5 C. 1, 2, 5, 4, 3 D. 2, 5, 1, 4, 3

19. 1. Intrinsic 2. Intrude 3. Intricate 4. Introvert 5. Intrigue 6. Introduce

A. 3, 5, 1, 4, 6, 2 B. 3, 5, 1, 6, 4, 2 C. 3, 1, 5, 4, 6, 2 D. 5, 1, 3, 2, 4, 6

20. Arrange the given words as in a dictionary and tick the one that come third.
A. Carbonate B. Carburation C. Carbohydrate D. Carbolic
 LEVEL – II

1. Which letter will come exactly between the tenth letter from your left and the seventh letter from
your right without changing any order in the original from the alphabet?
A. N B. P C. O D. Q

2. If it is possible to from a word with the first, fourth, seventh and eleventh letters in the word
'SPHERVLVODS' write the second letter of that word?
A. S B. E C. L D. O

3. How many pairs of letters are there in the word 'CASTRAPHONE' which have as many letters
between them in the word as in the alphabet?
A. One B. Two C. Three D. Four

4. In the following alphabet second half is written first and then the first half is arranged in reverse
order. Then which of the following will be the 5th letter to the left of 16th letter from the right?
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
A. S B. T C. P D. F

5. If the letters in the word RUTHENIUM are rearranged in the alphabetical order, which letter will
be second to the right of middle letter?
A. I B. T C. N D. R

6. How many pairs of letters in the word 'CHAIRS' have as many letters between them in the word as
in the alphabet?
A. 3 B. 2 C. 1 D. 5

7. From the word 'LAPAROSCOPY' how many independent meaningful words can be made without
changing the order of the letters and using each letter only once?
A. 3 B. 4 C. 1 D. 2

8. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Which letter in this alphabet is the eighth letter to the right of the letter and which is tenth letter to the
left of the last but one letter of the alphabet?
A. Y B. W C. G D. F

9. How many pairs of letter are there in the word 'BUCKET' which have as many letters between
them in the word as in the alphabet?
A. One B. Two C. Three D. Four

10. If in the word 'DISTURBANCE', the first letter is interchanged with the last letter, the second
letter is interchanged with the tenth letter and so on, which letter would come after the letter T in the
newly formed word ?
A. T B. S C. R D. C

11. If the following English alphabet, if second half of the alphabet is written in reverse order, which
of the letter is 7th right of 16th letter from the left?
A. O B. P C. Q D. R
12. If 1st & 7th, 2nd & 8th, 3rd & 9th letters are interchanged in the word TRANSLATION. What
will be the fifth letter to the right of 9th letter from the right?
A. T B. L C. R D. S

13. From the word 'CARRIAGE', how many independent words can be made without changing the
order of the letter only once?
A. One B. Two C. Three D. Four

14. If the first and second letters in the word 'EXCELLECE' are interchanged, in the same way third
and fourth letters, the fifth and the sixth letters and so on. Which letter would be the sixth when
counted from the right?
A. C B. D C. E D. L

15. From the word 'POSTSCRIPT', how many independent words can be made without changing the
order of the letters and using each letters only once?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

16. How many independent words can 'HEARTLESS' are divided into without changing the order of
the letters and using each letter only once?
A. 6 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

17. How many pairs of letters are there in the word 'REPURCUSSION' which have as many letters
between them in the word as in the alphabet and that too in the same order? (Hint : Do not consider
the pairs 'US' and 'ON'.)
A. Nil B. One C. Two D. Three

18. How many pairs of letters are there in the word 'PRESENTMENT' which have as many letters
between them in the word as in the alphabet?
A. Nil B. One C. Two D. Three

19. In the following question, arrange the given names in the order in which they would occur in a
telephone directory and choose the one which appears in the middle.
A. Subramaniam B. Subramanyam C. Subhramaniam D. Subhrmanyam

20. If the words in the sentence, ―Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers‖ are rearranged in the
alphabetical order, which will come at the fifth place?
A. peppers B. peter C. piper D. picked
 LEVEL – III

1. How many such pairs of letters are there in the word CORPORATE each of which has as many
letters in the same sequence between them in the word as in the English alphabet?
A. None B. One C. Two D. More than three

2. How many such letters are there in the word BACKLASH each of which is as far away from the
beginning of the word as it is from the beginning of the English alphabet?
A.None B.One C.Two D.Three

3. If the first and third letters in the word NECESSARY were interchanged, also the fourth and the
sixth letters, and the seventh and the ninth letters, which of the following would be the seventh letter
from the left?
A. A B. Y C. R D. E

Directions (4-6): Each of the following questions is based on the following alphabet-series:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

4. Which letter will be sixth to the left of the nineteenth letter from the right end of the alphabet?
A. M B. N C. X D. None of these

5. If only the first half of the given alphabet is reversed, how many letters will be there between K and
R?
A. 6 B. 10 C. 14 D. 16

6. If A interchanges position with B, similarly C and D interchange positions and so as E and F and so
on up to Y and Z, then which of the following will be seventh from the left?
A. A B. F C. I D. None of these

7. If the first and second letters in the word DEPRESSION' were interchanged, also the third and the
fourth letters, the fifth and the sixth letters and so on, which of the following would be the seventh
letter from the right ?
A. O B. R C. S D. P

8. From the word 'ASTOUNDER', how many independent words can be made with-out changing the
order of the letters and using each letter only once?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

9. If the first and second letters in the word 'MISFORTUNE' were interchanged, also the third and the
fourth letters, the fifth and the sixth letters and so on, which letter would then be the eighth letter
counting to your left ?
A. O B. R C. T D. U

10. Two letters in the word 'PRESENCE' have as many letters between them in the word as in the
alphabet and in the same order. Which one of the two letters comes earlier in the alphabet? (Hint: Do
not count the pair EC, because as mentioned in the question, the letters should be in the same order.
Which one of the two letters comes earlier in the alphabet)
A. C B. E C. R D. P
11. Number of letters skipped in between adjacent letters in the series is odd.
Which of the following series observes this rule?
A. BDHLR B. FIMRX C. EIMQV D. MPRUX

12. Number of letters skipped in between the adjacent letters in the series is consecutive even
numbers. Which of the following series observes this rule?
A. CDFIM B. ADIPY C. GIMSZ D. DFJPX

13. Number of letters skipped in between adjacent letters in the series increases by one.
Which of the following series observes this rule?
A. CPTOV B. HCFKP C. HJHQV D. IKNRW

14. Number of letters skipped between adjacent letters in the series is in the order of 2, 5, 7, 10.
Which of the following series observes the rule given above?
A. CEGLT B. FNKOT C. QTZHS D. SYBEP

15. In which of the following letter sequences, there is a letter leaving two letters of the alphabet in
order, after the letters placed at odd-numbered positions and leaving one letter of the alphabet in order
at even-numbered positions?
A. ADFIKN B. BEGJLN C. CFHKLO D. DFIKNP

16. If the alternate letters in the given alphabet starting from A are written in small and rest all in
capital which of the following will represent the fourth month after July?
A. NovemBeR B. NoVEmBeR C. NoveMBeR D. NoVemBeR

17. If each of the twelve digits on a watch is replaced by English vowels a, e, i, o, u in sequence (1 by
a, 2 by e, and so on and so forth), the hour hand will be between which pair of vowels at 9.30 a.m.?
A. ae B. ei C. ou D. ua

18. Each letter of the alphabet from Z to A has been given a value from 1 to 26 serially. What is the
total value of the word LIFEBOOK?
A. 149 B. 150 C. 141 D. 139

19. If it is possible to make meaningful word from the fifth, seventh, eighth, ninth and thirteenth
letters of the word 'EXTRAORDINARY' using each letter only once, write the second letter of that
word as your answer. If no such word can be formed write 'X' as your answer and if more that no one
such word can be formed, write 'M' as your answer.
A. A B. I C. R D. M

20. If A and C interchange their positions, B and D interchange their positions, F and H interchange
their positions, and so on. Then which letter will be fifth letter to left of Q?
A. P B. N C.M D. T
 CODING - DECODING

Coding - Decoding is a system of letters, digits and signs used for identification purposes. Codes are
used for transmitting messages to the receiver without any third person knowing it. After
transmission, receiver decodes the coded massage and found the relevant information.
Coding and Decoding forms a dedicated part of the Reasoning Section in various competitive exams
but the level of questions differs in them.
The approach to solve the questions of this section:
 Observe alphabets or numbers given in the code keenly.
 Find the sequence it follows whether it is ascending or descending.
 Detect the rule in which the alphabets/numbers/words follow.
 Fill the appropriate letter/number/word in the blank given.
Some Basics which we need to learn before solving the questions of this topic are:
 Letter position (A=1, B=2, C=3, D=4 …… Y=25, Z=26)
 Opposite position of letters (A=26, B=25 …… Z=1)
 Opposite of each letter (A is opposite to Z and B is opposite to Y and C is opposite to X ……
and so on)
Types of Coding-Decoding

1. Letter Coding: In this type the real alphabets in a word are replaced by certain other alphabets
according to a specific rule to form its code. The candidate is required to detect the common rule and
answer the questions accordingly.

Example 1: If letters of the word MONKEY are coded as NPOLFZ, then find out the code for word
TIGER?
Solution: Here, we are observing a very simple pattern, M is coded as N, O is coded as P and so on.
Next letter is the code of previous one. So the code of word TIGER is UJHFS.

Example 2: If letters of the word MONKEY are coded as XDJMNL, then find out the code for word
TIGERS?
Solution: Word MONKEY is Coded as,
M O N K E Y

X D J M N L
So the code for word TIGERS is RQDFHS.

Example 3: If CALENDAR = DKZBOEBS, then NEELAM =?

Solution: This type is just a bit different from the previous type.
Word CALENDAR is coded as,

C A L E N D A R

D K Z B O E B S
According to above logic, word NEELAM is coded as DDMMBN.

Example 4: If EVITCDNIV = HZNZJLWSG, then ABDICTION = ?

Solution: In this question, firstly + 2, then + 3, +4, +5, +6,+7 and so on. Similarly when the code for
the word ABDICTION is made firstly+2, then +3, +4, +5, + 6 and so on. The code will finally
become DFIOJBNYY.

Example 5: If PERSON = THTWRP, then ENGINE = ?

Solution: Here P + 4 = T, E + 3 = H, R + 2 = T, Then S + 4 =W, O + 3 = R, N + 2 = R. The method
for coding is +4, +3, +2. The code for ENGINE will become E + 4 = I, N + 3 = Q, G + 2 = I, I + 4 =
M, N + 3= Q and E +2 = G. Therefore the code is IQIMQG.

Example 6: If SILVER = HROEVI, then MEENAKSHI = ?

Solution: In this case, if the letter is at ‗nth‘ position from the beginning then the letter at ‗nth‘
position from the end is written. This can always be checked, whenever the sum of the number and its
respective code is 27. Then the method applied for the coding would be this only. As in SILVER, S is
19 and its code H is 8 and the sum is 27. I is 9 and its code R is 18 and sum is 27. While coding
MEENAKSHI, the same method coding will be applied. M is 13, so what should be added in 13 to
make it 27 ( that is14), write the 14th letter which is N as the code for M. Similarly E is 5, find
22nd letter to make sum as 27 ( V is 22ndletter) and that is the code and so on. The code for the word
MEENAKSHI will be NVVMZPSR.

2. Alphabet to Number: In this category letters are coded in numbers or vice versa.

Example 7: If RELATION = 95312965, then MANAGEMENT = ?

Solution: In this case, the code for every letter is its position in the alphabetic order, represented as a
single digit. If its position is already a single number, then it is simply assigned as the code, and if
there are two digits in its position, then those digits are added to get the code for that letter. In this
case R is the 18th letter so its code would be 1 + 8 = 9, E is the 5th letter so its code is 5, L is the
12th letter so its code is 1 + 2 = 3, A is 1 and so on. Similarly when the code for the word
MANAGEMENT is made. M is 13, 1 + 3 = 4. A= 1, N is 14 1 + 4 = 5, A = 1, G = 7 and so on. The
final code for the word MANAGEMENT would be 4151754552.

Example 8: If SHIVANI = 574, then GANESH = ?

Solution: In this case, EJOTY of all the words has been added, multiplied by the number of letters in
that word. SHIVANI => S = 19, H = 8, I = 9, V = 22, A = 1, N = 14, I = 9 => 19 + 8 + 9 + 22 + 1 +
14 + 9 = 82 × 7 ( .: there are 7 letters in the word SHIVANI), Similarly while making code for
GANESH => 7 + 1+ 14 + 5 + 19 + 8 = 54 × 6 ( .: there are six letters) = 324 would be the code.

Example 9: If ACTIVITY = 24315137, Then ELEPHANT = ?

Solution: It involves the position of alphabet in the alphabetic order + 1. If it becomes a single digit
number, write it and if it is a two digit number then add it to get a single digit number as in question
no. 13. Similarly ELEPHANT => E = 5 + 1 = 6, L = 12 +1 = 13 => 1 + 3 = 4, E = 5 + 1 =6, P = 16 +
1 = 17 => 1 + 7 = 8 and so on. The code will become 64689263.

Example 10: The questions given below are based upon the following set of codes.
Digit : 1 0 6 4 2 9 8 7 5
Code : M O X L S T N H P
A) Find the code for 24750.
B) Find the code for 814005.
Solution: Now here in this case, it can be verified that the code for the 2 is S, 4 is L, 7 is H, 5 is P and
0 is O. Therefore the code in the first case would become SLHPO and in the second case the code
would be NMLOOP.

3. Mixed Letter Coding: In Mixed letter coding type of questions, three or four complete messages
are given in the coded language and the code for a particular word is asked. To analyse such codes,
any two messages bearing a common word are picked up. The common code word will mean that
word.

Example 11: In a certain code language, ‗it pit sit‘ means ‗I am boy‘, ‗it nit sit‘ means ‗I am girl‘,
which of the following means ‗girl‘?
Solution: We have,
It pit sit I am boy
It nit sit I am girl
Here, ‗It sit‘ is common in both the messages and ‗I am‘ is common in both codes. Hence, code for
girl will be ‗nit‘.

Example 12: In a certain code language,

(i) ‗786‘ means ‗study very hard‘
(ii) ‗958‘ means ‗hard work pays‘
(iii) ‗645‘ means ‗study and work‘.
Which of the following is the code for ‗very‘?
Solution:- In the first and second statements, the common code digit is ‗8‘ and the common word is
‗hard‘. So, ‗8‘ means ‗hard‘. In the first and third statements, the common code digit is ‗6‘ and the
common word is ‗study‘. So, ‗6‘ means ‗study‘.
From equation (i) and (ii), 8 hard
From equation (i) and (iii), 6 study
Hence very 7

4. Substitution Coding: In this section, some particular words are assigned certain substituted names.
Now, questions are formed based on those principles.

Example 13: If ‗white‘ is called ‗blue‘, ‗blue‘ is called ‗red‘, ‗red‘ is called ‗yellow‘, ‗yellow‘is
called ‗green‘, ‗green‘ is called ‗black‘, ‗black‘ is called ‗violet‘ and ‗violet‘ is called ‗orange‘, then
what would be the colour of human blood ?
Solution: We know the colour of the human blood is ‗red‘ and given that ‗red‘ is called ‗yellow‘. So,
the colour of human blood is ‗yellow‘.

5. Matrix Coding: In this type of questions, two matrices of letters and numbers are given in which
each letters can be represented by a set of two numbers. The first number (from left) indicates the row
number while the second number indicates the column number. You are required to identify the code
for the given word or a group of letters on the basis of two matrices given.
Now consider the following examples which were asked in the previous exams:
Direction(14-16): In the following questions given below are two matrices of twenty five cells each
containing two classes of letters from the alphabet. The columns and rows of matrix 1 are numbered
from 0 to 4 and that of matrix 2 from 5 to 9. A letter from these matrices can be represented first by its
row number and next by its column number. For example, R can be represented by 02, 31. In each of
the following questions identify one set of number pairs out of (1), (2), (3), d) which represents the
given word:
MATRIX – I

0 1 2 3 4
0 E S R U N
1 R N S E U
2 U E N R S
3 S R U N E
4 N U E .,.S R

MATRIX - II
5 6 7 8 9
5 W O P T I
6 T I O W P
7 I W I P T
8 O P T O W
9 P T W I O

Example 14: What is the code for PENT ?

a)87, 21, 31, 66 b)95, 33, 40, 78 c)57, 02, 34, 87 d)78, 42, 11, 58 e)None

Example 15: What is the code for NOTE ?

a)40, 75, 96, 34 b)33, 99, 87, 14 c)04, 67, 78, 21 d)22, 56, 65, 43 e)None

Example 16: What is the code for WRITER ?

a)55, 10, 66, 57, 00, 31 b)89, 12, 75, 58, 11, 23 c)76, 23, 77, 79, 13, 12
d)68, 31, 86, 87, 42,10 e)None
`
Solution (14-16):
E =00, 13, 21, 34, 42
I =59, 66, 75, 77, 98
N=04, 11, 22, 33, 40
O=56, 67, 75, 88, 99
P= 57, 69, 78, 86, 95
R= 10, 12, 13, 31, 44
T= 58, 65, 79, 87, 96
W=55, 68, 76, 89, 97.
Answer 14:- (d)

Option P E N T

(1) 87 21 31 66

(2) 95 33 40 78

(3) 57 02 34 87

(4) 78 42 11 58

Answer 15: (e)

Option N O T E

(1) 40 75 96 34

(2) 33 99 87 14

(3) 04 67 78 21

(4) 22 56 65 43

Answer 16: (e)

Option W R I T E R

(1) 55 10 66 57 00 31

(2) 89 02 75 58 11 23

(3) 76 23 77 79 13 02

(4) 68 31 86 87 42 10
 LEVEL - I

1. If in a certain language, MADRAS is coded as NBESBT, how is BOMBAY coded in that code?
A. CPNCBX B. CPNCBZ
C. CPOCBZ D. CQOCBZ

2. In a certain code, TRIPPLE is written as SQHOOKD. How is DISPOSE written in that code?
A. CHRONRD B. DSOESPI
C. ESJTPTF D. ESOPSID

3. If in a code language, COULD is written as BNTKC and MARGIN is written as LZQFHM, how
will MOULDING be written in that code ?
A. CHMFINTK B. LNKTCHMF
C. LNTKCHMF D. NITKHCMF

4. In a certain code, MONKEY is written as XDJMNL. How is TIGER written ?

A. QDFHS B. SDFHS
C. SHFDQ D. UJHFS

5. In a certain code, COMPUTER is written as RFUVQNPC. How is MEDICINE written?

A. EOJDJEFM B. EOJDEJFM
C. MFEJDJOE D. MFEDJJOE

6. If VICTORY is coded as YLFWRUB, how can SUCCESS be coded ?

A. VXEEIVV B. VXFFHVV
C. VYEEHVV D. VYEFIVV

7. In a certain code, TOGETHER is written as RQEGRJCT. In the same code, PAROLE will be
written as
A. NCPQJG B. NCQPJG
C. RCPQJK D. RCTQNC

8. If BOMBAY is written as MYMYMY, how will TAMIL NADU be written ?

A. TIATIATIA B. MNUMNUMNU
C. IATIATIAT D. ALDALDALD

9. If FRIEND is coded as HUMJTK, how is CANDLE written in that code ?

A. EDRIRL B. DCQHQK
C. ESJFME D. FYOBOC

10. In a code if COUNSEL is coded as BITIRAK, how is GUIDANCE written ?

A. EOHYZKBB B. FOHYZJBB
C. FPHZZKAB D. HOHYBJBA

11. If DELHI is coded as 73541 and CALCUTTA as 82589662, how can CALICUT be coded ?
A. 5279431 B. 5978213
C. 8251896 D. 8543691
12. In a certain code, RIPPLE is written as 613382 and LIFE is written as 8192. How is PILLER
written in that code?
A. 318826 B. 318286
C. 618826 D. 338816

13. If ROSE is coded as 6821, CHAIR is coded as 73456 and PREACH is coded as 961473, what will
be the code for SEARCH ?
A. 246173 B. 214673
C. 214763 D. 216473

14. If in a certain code, TWENTY is written as 863985 and ELEVEN is written as 323039, how is
TWELVE written in that code ?
A. 863203 B. 863584
C. 863903 D. 863063

15. If the letters in PRABA are coded as 27595, and THILAK are coded as 368451, how can
BHARATHI be coded ?
A. 37536689 B. 57686535
C. 96575368 D. 96855368

16. If in a certain language if ENTRY is coded as 12345 and STEADY is coded as 931785, then state
which is the correct code for below word. ARREST
A. 744589 B. 744193
C. 166479 D. 745194

17. If in a certain language if ENTRY is coded as 12345 and STEADY is coded as 931785, then state
which is the correct code for below word. ENDEAR
A. 524519 B. 174189
C. 128174 D. 124179

18. If ENGLAND is written as 1234526 and FRANCE is written as 785291, how is GREECE coded ?
A. 381171 B. 381191
C. 832252 D. 835545

19. In as a certain code, 15789 is written as EGKPT and 2346 is written ALUR. How is 23549 written
in that code ?
A. ALEUT B. ALGTU
C. ALGUT D. ALGRT

20. In a certain code, a number 13479 is written as AQFJL and 5268 is written as DMPN. How is
396824 wriitten in that code ?
A. QLPNKJ B. QLPNMF
C. QLPMNF D. QLPNDF
 LEVEL - II

Directions-(1-5) Study the following information to answer the given questions:

In a certain code 'best way to win' is written as 'ad mi ja no', ' the way to hell' is written as 'ku ja ig ad'.
'win of the day' is written as 'be ku zo mi' and 'to sell of night' is written as 'be Ii ya ja'.

1. What is the code for 'sell'?

A. be B. Ii C. ya D. Cannot be determined

2. Which of the following may represent 'hell is way'?

A. ig ad no B. ig py ya C. re ad be D. ad re ig

3. ‗mi‘ is the code for

A. to B. win C. way D. of

4. What is the code for' best'?

A. ad B. mi C. no D. ja

5. Which of the following represents 'of the way'?

A. ku be ad B. rni be no C. ku be ya D. mi ku be

Directions (6- 10) Study the following information and answer the questions given.
In a certain code language ―lu ja ka hu‖ means ‗we provide study material‘, ―fa ka la ju‖ means ‗we
score maximum selection‘, ―la fu ja ju ― means ―study score the selection‖ and ―ju lu na fu‖ means
―selection of the material‖. Then:

6. What is the code of ―score ― in this code language?

A. ju B. la C. fa D. ka

7. What is the code of ―provide ― in this code language?

A. hu B. lu C. ka D. ja

8. What is the code of ―provide of maximum‖?

A. na hu fu B. fa hu na C. fu lu na D. hu fa la

9. What is the code of ―we the‖ in this code language?

A. ka fu B. na hu C. ka na D. hu fu

10. What is the code of ‖material‖ in this code language?

A. hu B. lu C. ja D.ka

Directions (11-14): Study the following information to answer the given questions:
In a certain code, ‗za la ka ga‘ is code for ‗must obey traffic rules‘ ,― za fa sa na ‗ is code for ‗we
obey the elders‘ , ‗ na la da sa‘ is a code for ‗ we must be elders‘ , and ‗wa sa za da‘ is code for ‗be
elders obey younger‘.
11. Which of the following is the code for ‗must‘ ?
A. sa B. da C. la D. na

12. What does the code ‗za‘ stand for ?

A. traffic B. must C. be D. obey

13. Which of the following is the code for ‗elders‘ ?

A. sa B. wa C. za D. la

14. How does ‘we of younger‘ coded in the code language?

A. ka da fa B. wa ka sa C. ja da wa D. Cannot be determined

Directions (15-18): Study the following information to answer the given question :
In a certain code, ‗ze lo ka gi‘ is a code for ‗must save some money‘, fe ka so ni‘ is a code for ‗he
made good money‘, ‗ni lo da so‘ is a code for ‗he must be good‘ and ‗we so ze da‘ is a code for ‗be
good save grace‘.

15. Which of the following is the code of ‗must‘?

A. so B. da C. lo D. ni

16. What does the code ‗ze‘ stand for ?

A. some B. must C. be D. save

17. Which of the following is the code of ‗good‘?

A. so B. we C. ze D. lo

18. ‗grace be money‘, may be coded as ____

A. ka da fe B. we ka so C. ja da we D. ka we da

19. In a certain code language, 'col tip mot' means' singing is appreciable, 'mot baj min' means
'dancing is good' and 'tip nop baj' means 'singing and dancing'. Which of the following means 'Good'
in that code language?
A. mot B. min C. baj D. cannot be determined

20. If 'green' is called 'pink', 'pink' is called 'blue' is called 'purple', 'purple' is called 'white', 'white' is
called 'orange' and 'orange' is called 'peach'. What is the color of snow?
A. peach B. orange C. purple D. blue
 LEVEL - III

DIRECTIONS (Q. Nos. 1-5) In each of the questions given below, given a group of digits followed
by four combinations of letters/symbols numbered (1), (2), (3) and (4). You have to find out which of
the combinations correctly represents the group of the digits based on the coding system and the
conditions given below. Mark the number of that combination as your answer. If none of the
combinations correctly represent the group of digits, mark (5), i.e., ‗None of these‘ as your answer.
Digits 5 1 3 4 9 6 8 2 7
Letters/Symbols P A K % R @ D © M

Conditions
(i) If the first digit is odd and the last digit is even, the codes for the first and last digits are to be
reversed.
(ii) If the first and the last digits are even, both are to be coded as H.
(iii) If the first and the last digits are odd, both are to be coded as $.

1. 215349
A. RAPK%© B. HAPK%H C. $APK%$ D. ©APK%R

2. 671254
A. @MA©P% B. $MA©P$ C. HMA©PH D. %MA©P©

3. 813469
A. RAK%@D B. DAK%@R C. DAP%@R D. HAK%@H

4. 794821
A. MR%D©A B. AR%D©M C. M%RD©A D. $R%D©$

5. 591426
A. @RA%P© B. PRA%©@ C. @AR%©P D. $RA%©H

Directions (Q. Nos. 6-10) Study the following information to answer the given questions. [IDBI Bank
PO 2012] In a certain code ‗new banking systems‘ is coded as ‗ss tp na‘, ‗officer in uniform‘ is coded
as ‗or mu at‘. ‗new bank officer‘ is coded as ‗or bk na‘, and ‗systems in bank‘ is coded as ‗bk at ss‘.

6. What does the code ‗bk‘ stand for ?

A. new B. systems C. officer D. bank

7. What will the code ‗ss mu‘ stand for?

A. banking officer B. new uniform C. uniform banking D. uniform systems

8. How will ‗new officer‘ be coded?

A. or na B. tp na C. na at D. tp or

9. How will ‗bank officer in uniform‘ be coded?

A. ss na at or B. bk at or mu C. ss na bk at D. at mu ss or
10. What is the code for ‗in‘?
A. ss B. or C. at D. mu

11. In a certain language, ‗sun shines brightly‘ is written as ‗ba lo sul‘, ‗houses are brightly lit‘ as
‗kado ula ari ba‘ and ‗light comes from sun‘ as ‗dopi kup lo mo‘. What are the codewords for ‗sun‘
and ‗brightly‘?
A. ba, sul B. sul, lo C. lo, ba D. ba, lo

12. If ‗FISH‘ is written as ‗EHRG‘ in a certain code, then how would ‗JUNGLE‘ be written in that
same code?
A. ITMFKD B. ITNFKD C. KVOHMF D. TIMFKD

13. If ‗GIRL‘ is written as ‗FJSK‘ in a certain code, then how would ‗BOY‘ be written in that same
code?
A. CPX B. APX C. APZ D. CPZ

14. If ‗HAPPY‘ is written as ‗IBQQZ‘ in a certain code, then how would ‗SORROW‘ be written in
that code?
A. TPSSXX B. TTPSSPX C. TPPSPX D. None of these

15. If the word ‗TABLECLOTH‘ is coded as ‗XEMRANRIXT‘, how can ‗HOTEL‘ be coded? [RRB
ASM 2011]
A. RIXAT B. TIXAR C. TAXIR D. RAXIT

16. If in a certain code language, ‗MIRACLE‘ is coded as ‗NKUEHRL‘, then how is ‗GAMBLE‘
coded in that same code language?
A. JDOCMF B. CLEMNK C. HCPFQK D. AELGMN

17. If in a certain code language, ‗BROWSER‘ is written as ‗RESWORB‘, then how ‗TEACHER‘ be
coded in that same language?
A. REHCEAT B. REHCAET C. REHCTEA D. AHRCTEA

18. In a certain code, P is #, A is %, C isf and E is @. How is PEACE written in that code? [IBPS
Clerk 2012]
A. #@%@# B. #@#f@ C. %#@f% D. #@%f@

19. In a certain code, ‗BELIEF‘ is written as ‗AFKKDH‘. How would ‗SELDOM‘ be written in that
code?
A. RDKCHL B. RFKENM C. RFKFNO D. TFKENP

20. In a certain code, ‗INSTITUTION‘ is written as ‗NOITUTITSNI‘. How would ‗PERFECTIONS‘

be written in that code?
A. SNOICTEREP B. SNOITCEFERP C. SNOITCEFRPE D. SNOITCEFREP
 INEQUALITIES

Inequality/Symboperation is a common topic for all competitive exams. It is one of the easy topics for
people who are slightly comfortable with elementary mathematics.
Inequality Symbols
= EQUAL TO

< LESS THAN

≤ LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO

> GREATER THAN

≥ GREATER THAN OR
EQUAL TO

Important Rules
The combination between two inequalities can be established, if they have a common term i.e
(i) A > B, B > C – combination can be easily established as: A > B > C.
Here conclusion – A > C or C < A
(ii) A < B, B < Q – combination can be easily established as: A < B < Q.
conclusion – A < Q or Q > A
The combination between two inequalities cannot be established, if they don‘t have a common term.
For e.g.
(i) A > B, B < C – combination cannot be established.
(ii) A <B, B > C – combination cannot be established.
(iii) A > B, B < =C combination cannot be established.
(ii.) A <=B, B > C – combination cannot be established.
(In all above cases relationship between A & C cannot be established.)

Complementary Pairs: (Either & or) – Either and or cases only takes place in complementary pairs.
We cannot combine two elements with common elements in which no relation is established. For e.g.
A > B, B < C
1. Statement: A > B < C
Conclusion: I. A > C II. A < C III. A=C
Here we cannot establish relation between A and C. We can only draw conclusion i.e. A is either
greater than or equal to C or we can say A is either smaller than C. Either I or II or III follows.
2. Statements: A = B > C > D < E
Conclusions: I. A > E II. A < =E
Here, conclusion either I or II follows. We don‘t know the exact relation between A and E. Here A
can be either greater than E or Smaller or equal to E.
 SIMPLE AND COMPOUND INTEREST

When a person has to borrow some money as a loan from his friends, relatives, bank etc. He promises
to return it after a specified time period along with some extra money for using the money of the
lender. The money borrowed is called the Principal, usually denoted by P, and the extra money paid
is called the Interest, usually denoted by I. The total money paid back, that is, the sum of Principal
and the Interest is called the Amount, and is usually denoted by A.
Thus, A = P + I
P is the money deposited or borrowed called the PRINCIPAL.
T is the TIME or number of years for which the money is deposited or borrowed.
The interest is calculated at a RATE per cent decided by the bank every year. This is R % p.a. (per
annum or per year)
There are two types of interests.
1. Simple Interest (S.I.).
2. Compound Interest (C.I.).

Simple Interest (S.I.): If the interest on a sum borrowed for certain period is reckoned uniformly, and
then it is called simple interest.
Let Principal = P, Rate = R% per annum (p.a.) and Time = T years. Then

(i). Simple Interest =

(ii). P =

(iii) Relationship between principal and amount is:

P=
Note: The Simple Interest (SI) remains the same every year.
Generally if C.I. is not mention, then we assume S.I.
Shortcut tricks

1. If sum of money becomes (z times) in (T) years at simple interest, then rate of interest (R) can be
calculated using the formula:
Rate of Interest (R) % = 100 (z – 1) / T
2. If sum of money becomes (z times) at rate of interest (R) % per annum at simple interest, then time
(T) can be calculated using the formula:
Time (T) = 100 (z – 1) / R
3. If in any numerical, the time given is specified in months, then convert it into years by simply
dividing number of months by 12. If time is given in days, then convert days into year by dividing it
with 365.
a) S.I. = (P × R × M) / 1200
(Here rate of interest is given in percent and time in months (M))
b) S.I. = (P × R × D) / 36500
(Here rate of interest is given in percent and time in days (D))
4. At what R% p.a., will a sum of money becomes n times in T years
R = [(n-1)*100]/T
5. A certain sum, becomes m times in T1 years and n times in how many years
Required Time =(n-1)*T1/(m-1)
6. The annual payment not will discharge a debt of Rs.A, due in T years at R% P.A., On S.I.
Annual Payment= (200 A) / [T{200+R(T-1)}]

Example 1: A sum of money at simple interest amounts to Rs. 815 in 3 years and to Rs. 854 in 4
years. The sum is?
Solution: S.I. for 1 year = Rs. (854 – 815) = Rs. 39.
S.I. for 3 years = Rs.(39 x 3) = Rs. 117.
Principal = Rs. (815 – 117) = Rs. 698.

Example 2: How much time will it take for an amount of Rs. 450 to yield Rs. 81 as interest at 4.5%
per annum of simple interest?
Solution:

Example 3: A sum of Rs. 12,000 amounts to Rs. 15,000 in 4 years at the rate of simple interest. Find
the rate of interest.
Solution: A Sum of Rs. 12,000 amounts to Rs. 15,000 in 4 years, at the rate of simple interest.
This means that the after 4 years, the principal amount increases to Rs. 15000.
Therefore,
S.I. = Rs. 15000 – Rs. 12000
S.I. = Rs. 3000
Rate of Interest = (100 × S.I.) / (P × T)
= (100 × 3000) / (12000 × 4)
= 6.25 %
Rate of Interest = 6.25 %

Example 4: What annual payment discharges a debt of Rs. 12900, due in 4 yrs. At 5% rate
Solution: A.P. = (200X12900) / [4(200+5X3)]=3000
Alternative
100+105+110+115=12900
430=12900
100=12900/(430)X100=3000

Compound Interest: Compound Interest is the interest calculated on the initial principal and the
accumulated interest of previous periods of a deposit or loan. In easy words, it can be said as "interest
on interest".
The formula for Compound Amount (A)
= P [1+ R/100]n [When money is compounded annually]
= P [1+ R/(2*100)]2n [When money is compounded half-yearly]
= P [1+ R/(4*100)]4n [When money is compounded quarterly]
= P [1+ R/(12*100)]12n [When money is compounded monthly]
Also, A = CI + P
Where,
P= Principal, R= Rate of Interest, n=Time (in years), A= Amount, CI= Compound Interest
Note: The above formula: A = CI + P will give us total amount. To get the Compound Interest only,
we need to subtract the Principal from the Amount.
The interest for the first month is same in both Simple Interest and Compound Interest. From second
month, the interest starts changing.

Shortcut Tricks

1. Numerical on population:
a) If population of a city is P1 and it increases by R % annually, then population after n years is given
by: P2 = P1 [1 + R/100]n
b) If population of a city is P1 and it decreases by R % annually, then the population after n years is
given by: P2 = P1 [1 – R/100]n
2. If interest is compounded annually and time is in fraction say 2 (3/5) years
Amount = P [1 + R/100]2 * [1 + (3/5)R/100]
[Interest compounded annually]
3. When Rates are different for different years, say R1%, R2%, R3% for 1st, 2nd and 3rd year
respectively.
Then, Amount = P [1 +R1/100] [1+R2/100] [1+R3/100].
4. Present worth of Rs. x due n years hence is given by:
Present Worth = x / [1+R/100]
5. Difference between Compound Interest & Simple interest Concept
For Two years
CI – SI =P(r/100)^2
For Three Year
CI – SI =P(r^2/(100^2 ))×(300+r)/100)
6. Rule of 72: This rule is used to find:
a) Time required for an amount to double itself, at a given rate of interest.
Time = 72/Rate of interest
b) Rate at which an amount doubles itself in given time.
Rate of interest = 72/Time

Example 5: Find the amount if Rs 20000 is invested at 10% p.a. for 3 years.
Solution: Using the formula: A= P [1+ R/100]n
A = 20000 [1 + (10/100)]3
On Solving, we get A = Rs. 26620

Example 6: Find the CI, if Rs 1000 was invested for 1.5 years at 20% p.a. compounded half yearly.
Solution: As it is said that the interest is compounded half yearly. So, the rate of interest will be
halved and time will be doubled.
CI = P [1+(R/100)]n - P
CI = 1000 [1 + (10/100)]3- 1000
On Solving, we get
CI = Rs. 331

Example 7: The CI on a sum of Rs 625 in 2 years is Rs 51. Find the rate of interest.
Solution: We know that A = CI + P
A = 625 + 51 = 676
Now going by the formula: A = P [1+(R/100)]n
676 = 625 [1+(R/100)]2
676/625 = [1+(R/100)]2
 We can see that 676 is the square of 26 and 625 is the square of 25
Therefore, (26/25)2 = [1+(R/100)]2
26/25 = [1+(R/100)]
26/25 - 1 = R/100
On solving, R = 4%

Example 8: A sum of money is put on CI for 2 years at 20%. It would fetch Rs 482 more if the
interest is payable half yearly than if it were payable yearly. Find the sum.
Solution: Let the Principal = Rs 100
When compounded annually,
A = 100 [1+20/100]^2
When compounded half yearly,
A = 100[1+10/100]^4
Difference, 146.41 - 144 = 2.41
If difference is 2.41, then Principal = Rs 100
If difference is 482, then Principal = 100/2.41 × 482
P = Rs 20000.

Example 9: Manish invested a sum of money at CI. It amounted to Rs 2420 in 2 years and Rs 2662 in
3 years. Find the rate percent per annum.
Solution: Last year interest = 2662 - 2420 = Rs 242
Therefore, Rate% = (242 * 100)/(2420 * 1)
R% = 10%

Example 10: The difference between SI and CI for 2 years @ 20% per annum is Rs 8. What is the
principal?
Solution: Using the formula: Difference = P (R/100)^2
8 = P[20/100]^2
On Solving, P = Rs 200
 LEVEL – I

1. How much time will it take for an amount of Rs. 900 to yield Rs. 81 as interest at 4.5% per annum
of simple interest?
A. 2 years B. 3 years C. 1 year D. 4 years

2. Arun took a loan of Rs. 1400 with simple interest for as many years as the rate of interest. If he paid
Rs.686 as interest at the end of the loan period, what was the rate of interest?
A. 8% B. 6% C. 4% D. 7%

3. A sum of money at simple interest amounts to Rs. 815 in 3 years and to Rs. 854 in 4 years. The sum
is?
A. Rs. 700 B. Rs. 690 C. Rs. 650 D. Rs. 698

4. A sum fetched a total simple interest of Rs. 929.20 at the rate of 8 p.a. in 5 years. What is the sum?
A. Rs. 2323 B. Rs. 1223 C. Rs. 2563 D. Rs. 2353

5. What will be the simple interest on Rs. 80,000 at 16(2/3) % per annum for 9 months?
A. 8,000 B. 9,000 C. 10,000 D. 11,000

6. Find the simple interest on Rs. 5000 at 6 % per annum for the period from 5th Feb to 19th April,
2018?
A. Rs. 40 B. Rs. 50 C. Rs. 60 D. Rs. 70

7. Suresh borrows Rs. 10,000 for 2 years at 4 % p.a. simple interest. He lends it to Ramesh at 6 % p.a.
for 2 years. Find his gain in this transaction per year.
A. Rs. 150 B. Rs. 200 C. Rs. 400 D. Rs. 450

8. At what rate percent per annum will sum of money double in 20 years?
A. 1.2 % B. 2 % C. 4 % D. 5 %

9. John took a loan of Rs. 1500 with simple interest for as many years as the rate of interest. If he paid
Rs. 540 as interest at the end of loan period, what was the rate of interest?
A. 2 % B. 3 % C. 4 % D. 6 %

10. What will be the ratio of simple interest earned by certain amount at the same rate of interest for 5
years and that for 15 years?
A. 3 : 2 B. 1 : 3 C. 2 : 3 D. 3 : 1

11. What is the difference between the compound interests on Rs. 5000 for 1 (1⁄2) years at 4% per
annum compounded yearly and half-yearly?
A. Rs. 2.04 B. Rs. 4.80 C. Rs. 3.06 D. Rs. 8.30

12. The difference between simple and compound interests compounded annually on a certain sum of
money for 2 years at 4% per annum is Re. 1. The sum is:
A. Rs.600 B. Rs.645 C. Rs.525 D. Rs.625
13. The compound interest on Rs. 30,000 at 7% per annum is Rs. 4347. The period (in years) is:
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 3.5

14. There is 80% increase in an amount in 8 years at simple interest. What will be the compound
interest of Rs. 14,000 after 3 years at the same rate?
A. Rs.3794 B. Rs.3714 C. Rs.4612 D. Rs.4634

15. The population of a city increases 5 % annually but decreases by 1/4 % due to emigration. Find
the net increase in percent in 3 years.
A. 8.63 % B. 11.89 % C. 13.25 % D. 14.93 %

16. Find the compound interest on Rs. 5000 for 9 months at 6% per annum, if the interest is reckoned
quarterly.
A. Rs. 218.98 B. Rs. 228.39 C. Rs. 250.69 D. Rs. 356.50

17. Find compound interest on Rs. 8500 at 4 % per annum for 2 years, compounded annually.
A. Rs. 752.6 B. Rs. 693.6 C. Rs. 553.6 D. Rs. 593.6

18. A amount of Rs. 500 amounts to Rs. 583.20 in two years if compounded annually. Find the rate of
interest per annum.
A. 5.6 % B. 6 % C. 8 % D. 9.2 %

19. A sum of money doubles itself at compound interest in 10 years. In how many years will it be
eight times?
A. 30 years B. 28 years C. 25 years D. 22.5 years

20. The difference between C.I. and S.I. on a certain sum at 10 % per annum for 2 years is Rs. 530.
Find the sum.
A. 53000 B. 57500 C. 69800 D. 28090
 LEVEL – II

1. Mr. Thomas invested an amount of Rs. 13,900 divided in two different schemes A and B at the
simple interest rate of 14% p.a. and 11% p.a. respectively. If the total amount of simple interest
earned in 2 years be Rs. 3508, what was the amount invested in Scheme B?
A. Rs. 6400 B. Rs. 7200 C. Rs. 6500 D. Rs. 7500

2. A sum of Rs. 12,000 amounts to Rs. 15,000 in 4 years at the rate of simple interest. Find the rate of
interest?
A. 6.25 % B. 4.25 % C. 5.9 % D. 5 %

3. Nikhil borrowed some money at the rate of interest 5 % p.a. for first 2 years, 8 % p.a. for next 5
years and 10 % p.a. for a period beyond 7 years. If he pays total interest of Rs. 8000 at the end of 10
years, then find the money Nikhil borrowed?
A. Rs. 40,000 B. Rs. 35,000 C. Rs. 25,000 D. Rs. 10,000

4. A sum was put at simple interest at a certain rate for 2 years. Had it been put at 2 % higher rate, it
would have fetched Rs. 400 more. Find the sum?
A. 8000 B. 9000 C. 10000 D. 12000

5. The S.I. on a certain sum of money for 4 years at 15 % per annum is Rs. 180 more than S.I. on
same sum for 5 years at 10 % per annum. Find the sum.
A. 1000 B. 1200 C. 1800 D. 2000

6. A sum of money amounts to Rs.9800 after 5 years and Rs.12005 after 8 years at the same rate of
simple interest. The rate of interest per annum is?
A. 15% B. 12% C. 8% D. 5%

7. A man took loan from a bank at the rate of 8% p.a. simple interest. After 4 years he had to pay Rs.
6200 interest only for the period. The principal amount borrowed by him was:
A. Rs.17322 B. Rs.20245 C. Rs.18230 D. Rs.19375

8. A man deposited Rs. 400 for 2 years, Rs. 550 for 4 years and Rs. 1200 for 6 years. He received Rs.
1020 at the
A. 8% B. 10% C. 15% D. 20%

9. A person invests money in three different schemes for 6 years, 10 years and 12 years at 10%, 12%
and 15% simple interest respectively. At the completion of each scheme, he gets the same interest.
The ratio of his investments is:
A. 2 : 3 : 4 B. 3 : 4 : 2 C. 3 : 4 : 6 D. 6 : 3 : 2

10. Simple interest on Rs. 500 for 4 years at 6.25% per annum is equal to the simple interest on Rs.
400 at 5% per annum for a certain period of time. The period of time is:
A. 6(1/4) B. 7 C. 8 D. 4(1/4)

11. The value of a sewing machine depreciates at the rate of 10 % after every year. If at the end of 3
years, its value is Rs. 8748, then find its purchase price.
A. 8000 B. 10000 C. 12000 D. 15000
12. A certain sum amounts to Rs. 7000 in 2 years and to Rs. 8000 in 3 years. Find the sum.
A. Rs. 6959.37 B. Rs. 6459.37 C. Rs. 5359.37 D. Rs. 5759.37

13. The compound interest on a certain sum at 50/3 % for 3 years is Rs. 127. Find simple interest on
same sum for same period and rate.
A. Rs. 205 B. Rs. 175 C. Rs. 152 D. Rs. 108

14. If the simple interest on a sum of money for 2 years at 5% per annum is Rs. 60, what is the
compound interest on the same at the same rate and for the same time?
A. Rs. 63.5 B. Rs. 62 C. Rs. 61.5 D. Rs. 64

15. The least number of complete years in which a sum of money put out at 20% compound interest
will be more than doubled is
A. 5 B. 4 C. 4 D. 2

16. The effective annual rate of interest corresponding to a nominal rate of 6% per annum payable
half-yearly is:
A. 6.07% B. 6.08% C. 6.06% D. 6.09%

17. Simple interest on a certain sum of money for 4 years at 5% per annum is half the compound
interest on Rs. 3000 for 2 years at 10% per annum. The sum placed on simple interest is:
A. Rs.1575 B. Rs. 2200 C. Rs. 1200 D. Rs. 1625

18. The compound interest on a certain sum for 2 years at 10% per annum is Rs. 525. The simple
interest on the same sum for double the time at half the rate percent per annum is:
A. Rs. 500 B. Rs. 400 C. Rs. 450 D. Rs. 600

19. The Compound interest on Rs. 20,480 at 6 1⁄4 % per annum for 2 years 73 days, is?
A. Rs. 2929 B. Rs. 2219 C. Rs. 3021 D. Rs. 3049

20. A sum of money is borrowed and paid back in two annual instalments of Rs. 882 each allowing
5% compound interest. The sum borrowed was:
A. Rs.1820 B. Rs.1640 C. Rs.1260 D. Rs.1440
 LEVEL – III

1. A sum of Rs. 725 is lent in the beginning of a year at a certain rate of interest. After 8 months, a
sum of Rs. 362.50 more is lent but at the rate twice the former. At the end of the year, Rs. 33.50 is
earned as interest from both the loans. What was the original rate of interest?
A. 3.46% B. None of these C. 4.5% D. 5%

2. An automobile financier claims to be lending money at simple interest, but he includes the interest
every six months for calculating the principal. If he is charging an interest of 10%, the effective rate
of interest after one year becomes?
A. None of these B. 10.25% C. 10.5% D. 10%

3. A lent Rs. 5000 to B for 2 years and Rs. 3000 to C for 4 years on simple interest at the same rate of
interest and received Rs. 2200 in all from both of them as interest. The rate of interest per annum is:
A. 5% B. 10% C. 7% D. 8%

4. A borrows Rs. 800 at the rate of 12% per annum simple interest and B borrows Rs. 910 at the rate
of 10% per annum simple interest. In how many years will their amounts of debts be equal?
A. 18 years B. 20 years C. 22 years D. 24 years

5. Rs. 6000 became Rs. 7200 in 4 years at a certain rate of interest. If the rate becomes 1.5 times of
itself, the amount of the same principal in 5 years will be:
A. Rs. 8000 B. Rs. 8250 C. Rs. 9000 D. Rs. 9250

6. If the simple interest for 6 years be equal to 30% of the principal, it will be equal to the principal
after
A. 10 years B. 20 years C. 22 years D. 30 years

7. Shruti took a loan at simple interest at 6% in the first year with an increase of 0.5% in each
subsequent year. She paid Rs. 3375 as interest after 4 years. How much loan did she take?
A. Rs. 12500 B. Rs. 15800 C. Rs. 33250 D. Cannot be determined

8. The sum of money that will give Re 1 as simple interest per day at the rate of 5% per annum, is:.
A. Rs. 730 B. Rs. 3650 C. Rs. 7300 D. Rs. 36500

9. A man invests 1/3 of his capital at 7% p.a., 1/4 at 8% p.a. and the remainder at 10% p.a. if his
annual income is Rs. 561, the capital is:.
A. Rs. 5400 B. Rs. 6000 C. Rs. 6600 D. Rs. 7200

10. In how many years, a sum will be thrice of it at the rate of 10% per annum?
A. 15 years B. 20 years C. 30 years D. 40 years

11. Andrews earns an interest of Rs. 1596 for the third year and Rs. 1400 for the second year on the
same sum. Find the rate of interest if it is lent at compound interest.
A. 12% B. 13% C. 14% D. 15%
12. The population of a town is 40,000. It decreases by 20 per thousand per year. Find out the
population after 2 years.
A. 38484 B. 38266 C. 38416 D. 38226

13. John invested money in two schemes A and B offering compound interest @ 5% p.a. and 10%p.a.
respectively. If the total amount of interest accrued through two schemes together in two years was
Rs. 2075 and the total amount invested was Rs. 15,000, find out the amount invested in Scheme A?
A. Rs. 10000 B. Rs. 8000 C. Rs. 12000 D. Rs. 14000

14. A sum of money on compound interest amounts to Rs. 8240 in 2 years and Rs. 9888 in 3 years.
The rate of interest is
A. 10% B. 25% C. 20% D. 12%

15. A bank offers 10% interest rate compounded annually. A person deposits Rs. 20,000 every year in
his account. If he does not withdraw any amount, then how much balance will his account show after
four years?
A. Rs. 102102 B. Rs. 102220 C. Rs. 104202 D. Rs. 104222

16. A sum of money becomes Rs. 2200 after three years and Rs. 4400 after six years on compound
interest. The sum is
A. Rs. 1400 B. Rs. 1100 C. Rs. 1000 D. Rs. 1200

17. What annual payment will discharge a debt of Rs. 1025 due in 2 years at the rate of 5% compound
interest?
A. Rs. 560 B. Rs. 560.75 C. Rs. 551.25 D. Rs. 550

18. A man borrows Rs. 20,000 at 10% compound interest. At the end of every year he pays Rs. 2000
as part repayment. How much does he still owe after three such instalments?
A. Rs.24000 B. Rs.15000 C. Rs.20000 D. Rs.10000

19. A sum is invested at compounded interest payable annually. The interest in the first two
successive years was Rs. 400 and Rs. 420. The sum is
A. Rs. 8000 B. Rs.7500 C. Rs. 8500 D. Rs. 8200

20. Arun borrowed a certain sum from Manish at a certain rate of simple interest for 2 years. He lent
this sum to Sunil at the same rate of interest compounded annually for the same period. At the end of
two years, he received Rs. 2400 as compound interest but paid Rs. 2000 only as simple interest. Find
the rate of interest.
A. 40% B. 30% C. 20% D. 10%
 ANSWER KEYS

Chapter 1 – Sequence and Series

Level – I
Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer
1 B 2 C 3 D 4 A 5 C
6 D 7 B 8 C 9 E 10 C
11 B 12 B 13 B 14 C 15 B
16 C 17 D 18 D 19 A 20 B
Level – II
Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer
1 B 2 B 3 B 4 C 5 B
6 C 7 B 8 C 9 C 10 C
11 B 12 D 13 C 14 B 15 D
16 C 17 D 18 D 19 C 20 B
Level – III
Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer
1 B 2 C 3 A 4 B 5 A
6 D 7 B 8 B 9 A 10 D
11 D 12 A 13 B 14 D 15 A
16 D 17 C 18 C 19 B 20 A

Chapter 2 – Logical Sequence of Words

Level – I
Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer
1 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 B
6 C 7 D 8 D 9 C 10 D
11 D 12 A 13 B 14 C 15 D
16 D 17 C 18 C 19 B 20 B
Level – II
Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer
1 B 2 C 3 A 4 C 5 C
6 C 7 A 8 A 9 B 10 B
11 A 12 D 13 B 14 C 15 B
16 D 17 D 18 A 19 B 20 A
 Alphabet Test
Level – I
Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer
1 D 2 C 3 A 4 B 5 B
6 D 7 D 8 B 9 B 10 B
11 C 12 D 13 C 14 D 15 B
16 B 17 D 18 A 19 B 20 A
Level – II
Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer
1 C 2 B 3 D 4 A 5 B
6 B 7 D 8 B 9 A 10 B
11 C 12 C 13 B 14 D 15 B
16 A 17 B 18 C 19 A 20 B
Level – III
Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer
1 D 2 C 3 B 4 D 5 C
6 D 7 D 8 B 9 C 10 D
11 A 12 B 13 D 14 C 15 A
16 D 17 C 18 C 19 D 20 A

Chapter 3 – Coding Decoding

Level – I
Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer
1 B 2 A 3 C 4 A 5 A
6 B 7 A 8 B 9 A 10 B
11 C 12 A 13 B 14 A 15 C
16 B 17 C 18 A 19 C 20 B
Level – II
Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer
1 D 2 D 3 B 4 C 5 A
6 B 7 A 8 A 9 A 10 B
11 C 12 D 13 A 14 D 15 C
16 D 17 A 18 D 19 B 20 B
Level – III
Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer
1 D 2 C 3 B 4 D 5 A
6 D 7 D 8 A 9 B 10 C
11 C 12 A 13 B 14 D 15 B
16 C 17 B 18 D 19 C 20 D
 Chapter 6 – Pipes and Cistern
Level – I
Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer
1 C 2 A 3 D 4 B 5 B
6 D 7 A 8 C 9 B 10 B
11 D 12 D 13 C 14 A 15 A
16 D 17 B 18 D 19 B 20 D
Level – II
Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer
1 B 2 C 3 A 4 A 5 C
6 D 7 D 8 C 9 B 10 C
11 A 12 B 13 B 14 C 15 A
16 A 17 A 18 C 19 D 20 A
Level – III
Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer
1 C 2 C 3 B 4 D 5 B
6 B 7 B 8 B 9 A 10 A
11 D 12 C 13 B 14 A 15 C
16 A 17 A 18 C 19 A 20 C

Chapter 7 – Simple and Compound Interest

Level – I
Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer
1 A 2 D 3 D 4 A 5 C
6 C 7 B 8 D 9 D 10 B
11 A 12 D 13 B 14 D 15 D
16 B 17 B 18 C 19 A 20 A
Level – II
Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer
1 A 2 A 3 D 4 C 5 C
6 B 7 D 8 B 9 D 10 A
11 C 12 C 13 D 14 C 15 B
16 D 17 A 18 A 19 A 20 B
Level – III
Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer
1 A 2 B 3 B 4 C 5 B
6 B 7 A 8 C 9 C 10 B
11 C 12 C 13 A 14 C 15 A
16 B 17 C 18 C 19 A 20 A