Polytechnic University of the Philippines

COLLEGE OF COMPUTER AND INFORMATION

SCIENCES

MODULE 3: THE WEB AND THE

INTERNET

Overview
Internet is defined as an information superhighway, to access information over the
web. However, it can be defined in many ways, internet is a world-wide global system of
interconnected computer networks.

Objectives
At the end of this lesson, the student should be able to:
• Explore the current breakthrough technologies and disruptive innovations that have
emerged over the past few years.
• Identify and analyze various emerging technologies.
• Explore the evolution of the internet.
• Identify and understand the different uses of internet in today’s generation.
• Discuss the fundamental terms and definitions used in the internet.

Lesson 1: The Web

The Web (World Wide Web) consists of information organized into Web pages containing text and
graphic images. The world wide web is larger collection of interconnected documents or content. It
contains hypertext links, or highlighted keywords and images that lead to related information. A
collection of linked Web pages that has a common theme or focus is called a Web site. The main
page that all of the pages on a particular Web site are organized around and link back to is called
the site’s home page. Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee OM KBE FRS FREng FRSA FBCS, also known
as TimBL, is an English engineer and computer scientist best known as the inventor of the World
Wide Web. He is a Professorial Fellow of Computer Science at the University of Oxford and a
professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

A. Web 1.0 (Read Only Static Web)

It is an old internet that only allows people to read from the internet. First stage worldwide linking
web pages and hyperlink. Web is use as “information portal”. It uses table to positions and align
elements on page.

• Most read only web. If focused on company’s home pages.

• Dividing the world wide web into usable directories
• It means web is use as “Information Portal”
• It started with the simple idea “put content together”

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 Polytechnic University of the Philippines
COLLEGE OF COMPUTER AND INFORMATION
SCIENCESof Web 1.0
Example
• Mp3.com
• Home Page
• Directories
• Page Views
• HTML/Portals.

Disadvantages
• Read only web
• Limited user interaction
• Lack of standards

B. Web 2.0 (Read-write interactive web)

A term used to describe a new generation of Web services and applications with an increasing
emphasis on human collaboration.

• It is a platform that gives users the possibility (liberty) to control their data.
• This is about user-generated content and the read-write web.
• People are consuming as well as contributing information through blogs or sites.
• Allows the user to interact with the page known as DYNAMIC PAGE; instead of just reading
a page, the user may be able to comment or create a user account. Dynamic page refers to
the web pages that are affected by user input or preference.
• Is focused on the ability for people to collaborate and share information online via social
media, blogging and Web-based communities.

Example of Web 2.0 are the following:

A. Social Networking - is the use of Internet-based social media sites to stay connected
with friends, family, colleagues, customers, or clients. Social networking can have
a social purpose, a business purpose, or both, through sites such as:

Example
Facebook Pinterest
Twitter Tumblr
LinkedIn Instagram
Google+ Page

B. Blogs - is a discussion or informational website published on the world wide

web consisting of discrete, often informal diary-style text entries (posts). Posts are typically
displayed in reverse chronological order, so that the most recent post appears first, at the top
of the web page.

Example
Wordpress Blogger Tumbler

C. Wikis - is a hypertext publication collaboratively edited and managed by its own audience
directly using a web browser. A typical wiki contains multiple pages for the subjects or scope
of the project and may be either open to the public or limited to use within an organization for
maintaining its internal knowledge base.

Example:

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 Polytechnic University of the Philippines
COLLEGE OF COMPUTER AND INFORMATION
SCIENCES
Wikipedia Wikivoyage
Wikibooks Wikidata
Wikiversity Wikinews
Commons Wikispecies
Wiktionary MediaWiki
Wikiquote

D. Video Sharing Sites - a website that lets people upload and share their video clips with
the public at large or to invited guests.

Example:
Youtube Photobucket
Facebook Twitter
LinkedIn Veoh
Flickr Dailymotion
Photobucket VimeoPRO
LinkedIn Myspace.com
Flickr Metacafe

Key Features of Web 2.0:

• Folksonomy – allows users to categorize and classify/arrange information using

freely chosen keywords (e.g. tagging).
• Rich User Interface – content is dynamic and is responsive to user’s input. An
example would be a website that shows local content.
• User Participation – the owner of website is not the only one who is able to put
content. Others are able to place a content on their own by means of comments,
reviews, and evaluation.
• Long Tail – services are offered on demand rather than on a one-time purchase. This
is synonymous to subscribing to a data plan that charges you for the amount of time
you spent on Internet or a data plan that charges you for the amount of bandwidth
you used.

C. Web 3.0: (Read-write intelligent web)

• Suggested name by John Markoff of the New York Times for the third generation of
the web.
• In this generation, all the application on web or mobile will be upgraded with more
features. It applies same principles as Web 2.0: two-way interaction.
• Web 3.0 will be more connected, open, and intelligent, with semantic web
technologies, distributed databases, natural language processing, machine learning,
machine reasoning and autonomous agents.
• Semantic Web - provides a framework that allows data to be shared and reuse to
deliver web content specifically targeting the user.
• It is a web of data.
• Changing the web into a language that can be read and categorized by the system
rather than humans.

Types of websites:

• eCommerce Website
is a website people can directly buy products from you’ve probably used a
number of eCommerce websites before, most big brands and plenty of smaller ones

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Polytechnic University of the Philippines
COLLEGE OF COMPUTER AND INFORMATION
SCIENCES
have one. Any website that includes
a shopping cart and a way for you to provide
credit card information to make a purchase falls into this category.

• Business Website
is any website that’s devoted to representing a specific business. It should be
branded like the business (the same logo and positioning) and communicate the types
of products and/or services the business offers.

• Entertainment Website
If you think about your internet browsing habits, you can probably think of a
few websites that you visit purely for entertainment purposes.

• Portfolio Website
are sites devoted to showing examples of past work. Service providers who
want to show potential clients the quality of the work they provide can use a portfolio
website to collect some of the best samples of past work they’ve done. This type of
website is simpler to build than a business website and more focused on a particular
task: collecting work samples.

• Media Website
collect news stories or other reporting. There’s some overlap here with
entertainment websites, but media websites are more likely to include reported pieces
in addition to or instead of content meant purely for entertainment.

• Brochure Website
are a simplified form of business websites. For businesses that know they
need an online presence, but don’t want to invest a lot into it (maybe you’re confident
you’ll continue to get most of your business from other sources), a simple brochure
site that includes just a few pages that lay out the basics of what you do and provide
contact information may be enough for you.

• Nonprofit Website
In the same way that businesses need websites to be their online presence,
nonprofits do as well. A nonprofit website is the easiest way for many potential donors
to make donations and will be the first place many people look to learn more about a
nonprofit and determine if they want to support it.

• Educational Website
The websites of educational institutions and those offering online courses fall
into the category of educational websites. These websites have the primary goal of
either providing educational materials to visitors or providing information on an
educational institution to them.

• Infopreneur Website
websites overlap a bit with business and eCommerce websites, but they
represent a unique type of online business. Infopreneurs create and sell information
products. That could be in the form of courses, tutorials, videos or eBooks.

• Personal Website
Not all websites exist to make money in some way or another. Many people
find value in creating personal websites to put their own thoughts out into the world.
This category includes personal blogs, vlogs, and photo diaries people share with the
world.

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Polytechnic University of the Philippines
COLLEGE OF COMPUTER AND INFORMATION
SCIENCES •
Web Portal
are often websites designed for internal purposes at a business, organization,
or institution. They collect information in different formats from different sources into
one place to make all relevant information accessible to the people who need to see
it. They often involve a login and personalized views for different users that ensure
the information that’s accessible is most useful to their particular needs.

• Wiki or Community Forum Website

Most people are familiar with wikis through the most famous example of one
out there: Wikipedia. But wikis can be created on pretty much any subject you can
imagine. A wiki is any website where various users are able to collaborate on content
and all make their own tweaks and changes as they see fit. There are wikis for fan
communities, for business resources, and for collecting valuable information sources.

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 Polytechnic University of the Philippines
COLLEGE OF COMPUTER AND INFORMATION
SCIENCES

Lesson 2: The Internet

The Internet or “net” (network of network) is the largest computer network in the world that connects
billions of computer user. The word internet comes from combination between “interconnection” and
“network”. Network is a collection of computers and devices connected via communication channels
and transmission media allow to share resources (hardware, software, data, information). Generally,
nobody owns the internet.

A. Brief History of Internet

ARPA – Advanced Research Project Agency January 2, 1969 – started an experimental
computer network. Concept – No server, but equal importance/participation to every computer in the
network. Even if, one or two node destroyed that will now affect the network. In 1982 the word internet
started. 1986 – First “ free net” created in Case Western Reserve University 1991: US government
allowed business agencies to connect to internet. Now all people can connect to the internet and
improve their life and work quality. The internet support various aspects in our life. Vinton Gray Cerf
ForMemRS is an American Internet pioneer and is recognized as one of "the fathers of the Internet",
sharing this title with TCP/IP co-developer Bob Kahn.

B. Major Components of the Internet

1. Servers – is a computer program that provides service to another computer program

and it’s user.

Types of Servers

Application Server – a program in computer that provides the business

logic for an application program.
Web Server – a computer program that serves requested HTML pages or
files.
Proxy Server – is a software that acts as an intermediary between an
endpoint device, such as computer and another server
from which a user is requesting.
Mail Server – is an application that receives incoming e-mail from local
users and remote senders and forward outgoing e-mail for
delivery
File Server – is a computer responsible for central storage and
management of data files so that other computer on the same
network can access them.
Policy Server – is a security component of a policy – based network that
provides authorization services and facilities tracking and
control of files.

2. IP Address (Internet Protocol) – is a numerical label assigned to each device. This

provides identity to a network device.
3. Browser – is an application program that provides a way to look information on

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 Polytechnic University of the Philippines
COLLEGE OF COMPUTER AND INFORMATION
SCIENCES
the web.

Example of browsers: Google chrome, safari, internet explorer, opera,

Mozilla

4. Domain Name System (DNS) – is the phonebook of internet. We access information

online through domain names.

Example of DNS: www.facebook.com, www.pup.edu.ph,www.academia.edu

Name Entity
.com commercial
.org organization
.net network
.edu education
.gov National and State Government Agencies
.ph Philippines
.au Australia

5. Internet Service Provide (ISP) – is an organization that provides services for accessing,
using or participating in the internet.
Two types of ISP:

National ISP – provided internet access to a specific geographic

area.
Regional ISP – business that provides internet access in cities and
towns nationwide.

Example of ISP: Sky Broadband, PLDT, Converge

C. Uses of Internet
• Look for information
• School works, jobs, and home purposes
• Send and receive electronic mail
• Video teleconferencing (video call, video chat)
• Buy and sell product
• Social networking
• Watch & post videos
• Games
• Take college courses
• Monitor home while away
• Financial transactions
• Download music and movies

D. Internet Terms and Definition

• Internet - A global network of thousands of computer networks linked by data lines and
wireless systems.
• Web – a collection of billions of webpages that you can view with a web browser

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Polytechnic University of the Philippines
COLLEGE OF COMPUTER AND INFORMATION
SCIENCES
• Email – the most common method of sending and receiving messages online
• Social media – websites and apps that allow people to share comments, photos, and videos
• Online gaming – games that allow people to play with and against each other over the
Internet
• Software updates – operating system and application updates can
typically downloaded from the Internet
• HTML - Hypertext Markup Language is a coding language used to tell a browser how to place
pictures, text, multimedia and links to create a web page. When a user clicks on a link within
a web page, that link, which is coded with HTML, links the user to a specific linked web page.
• URL - Uniform Resource Locator is a web address used to connect to a remote resource on
the world wide web.
• Bit - is a single digit in the binary numbering system (base 2). For example: 1 is a bit or 0 is
a bit.
• Byte - generally consists of eight bits.
• Upload - To upload is to transfer data from your computer to another computer.
• Download - To download is to transfer data from another computer to your computer.
• HTTP - is the acronym for Hypertext Transfer Protocol, the data communication standard of
web pages. When a web page has this prefix, the links, text, and pictures should work
correctly in a web browser.
• HTTPS - is the acronym for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure. This indicates that the web
page has a special layer of encryption added to hide your personal information and
passwords from others.
• Router or router-modem combination is the hardware device that acts as the traffic cop for
network signals arriving at your home or business from your ISP. A router can be wired or
wireless or both.
• Encryption - is the mathematical scrambling of data so that it is hidden from
eavesdroppers. Encryption uses complex math formulas to turn private data into
meaningless gobbledygook that only trusted readers can unscramble.
• Web Bot - A term that applies to programs/applets (macros and intelligent agents) used on
the Internet. Such bots perform a repetitive function, such as posting messages to multiple
newsgroups or doing searches for information.
• Search Engine - specialized software, such as Google and Yahoo, that lets www browser
users search for information on the web by using keywords, phrases.

Online Resources / Videos

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J8hzJxb0rpc
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x3c1ih2NJEg
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dxcc6ycZ73M
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5o8CwafCxnU

References
• Abraham, R., Jas, F., Russell, W. (2005) The Web Empowerment Book: An Introduction
and Connection Guide to the Internet and the World-Wide Web. Springer-Verlag New York
• Evolution of the web retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/sububasistha/web-10-to-web-
30-evolution-of-the-web-and-its-various-challenges
• Types of websites retrieved from https://www.hostgator.com/blog/popular-types-websites-
create/
• Subhash Basishtha Web 1.0 to Web 3.0 – Evolution of the Web and its Various Challenges.
Retrieved from https://slideshare.net/sububasistha/web-10-to-web-30-evolution-of-the-web-

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COLLEGE OF COMPUTER AND INFORMATION
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and-its-various-challenges
• What is internet Retrieved from
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/internet_technologies/internet_overview.htm
• Internet terms and definition Retrieved from https://techterms.com/definition/internet
• Internet terms and definition Retrieved from https://www.comentum.com/internet-terms.html
• Internet terms and definition Retrieved from https://www.lifewire.com/top-internet-terms-for-
beginners-2483381

Assessment
1. What are the four examples of Web 2.0
2. Who are the inventor/father of the internet and www?
3. Give at least 6 uses of the internet.
4. Define web, web 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0
5. What are the different types of servers?
6. Give 5 types of website and its features.
7. What are the top-level domains?
8. What are the two types of ISP?
9. DNS stands for? And give some examples.
10. Give examples of browsers.

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