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    Cooling Tower Calculations

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    Desiree Molina
    (1) The condenser water flow rate is 503.18 kg/s or 7,976 USgpm. (2) The volume flow rate of air into the cooling tower is 239.3188 m3/s or 507,093 cfm. (3) The mass flow rate of the required makeup water is 4.64 kg/s, which is 0.92% of the condenser water flow rate. (4) The L/G ratio for the cooling tower is 1.96.

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    Cooling Tower Calculations

    Uploaded by

    Desiree Molina
    885 views4 pages
    (1) The condenser water flow rate is 503.18 kg/s or 7,976 USgpm. (2) The volume flow rate of air into the cooling tower is 239.3188 m3/s or 507,093 cfm. (3) The mass flow rate of the required makeup water is 4.64 kg/s, which is 0.92% of the condenser water flow rate. (4) The L/G ratio for the cooling tower is 1.96.

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    (1) The condenser water flow rate is 503.18 kg/s or 7,976 USgpm. (2) The volume flow rate of air into the cooling tower is 239.3188 m3/s or 507,093 cfm. (3) The mass flow rate of the required makeup water is 4.64 kg/s, which is 0.92% of the condenser water flow rate. (4) The L/G ratio for the cooling tower is 1.96.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    885 views4 pages

    Cooling Tower Calculations

    Uploaded by

    Desiree Molina
    (1) The condenser water flow rate is 503.18 kg/s or 7,976 USgpm. (2) The volume flow rate of air into the cooling tower is 239.3188 m3/s or 507,093 cfm. (3) The mass flow rate of the required makeup water is 4.64 kg/s, which is 0.92% of the condenser water flow rate. (4) The L/G ratio for the cooling tower is 1.96.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    Cooling water leaves the condenser of a 3000 TR chiller of COP=5.

    1 in a District
    Cooling Plant and enters a cooling tower at 41°C. The water is cooled to 35°C in the
    cooling tower by air that enters the tower at DB/WB =35/32.2°C and leaves at
    DB/WB=40/39.7°C. determine (a) the condenser water flow rate (b) the volume flow
    rate of air into the cooling tower in cfm and (c) the mass flow rate of the required
    makeup water. (d) L/G ratio for the cooling tower

    Solution:
    Assumptions:

    We take the entire cooling tower to


    be the system, which is shown
    schematically in the figure to the
    right.
    We note that the mass flow rate of
    liquid water decreases by an
    amount equal to the amount of
    water that vaporizes in the tower
    during the cooling process. The
    water lost through evaporation
    must be made up later in the cycle
    to maintain steady operation.
    Steady operating conditions exist
    and thus the mass flow rate of dry
    air remains constant during the
    entire process.
    (a)

    𝐂𝐎𝐏 = the coefficient of performance for the refrigeration cycle, dimensionless

    Cooling Load in kW
    COP =
    Work input in kW

    (3000 𝑇𝑅 × 3.517 𝑘𝑊/𝑇𝑅) 10,551 𝑘𝑊


    Work input = = = 2,068.82 𝑘𝑊
    5.1 5.1

    𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛 + 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑖𝑛 = 10,551 + 2,068.82 = 12,619.82 𝑘𝑊

    12,619.82 𝑘𝑊
    𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑢𝑡 = m∙w 𝐶𝑝 ∆𝑡 → m∙w =
    4.18 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔. °𝐶 × (41 − 35)℃

    𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑟 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 = m∙w = 𝟓𝟎𝟑. 𝟏𝟖 𝒌𝒈/𝒔

    𝑚3∙ = 𝑚𝑤
    ∙ = 503.18 kg/s = 7,976 USgpm

    (b)

    Dry air mass balance: 𝑚𝑎̇ 1 = 𝑚𝑎̇ 2 = 𝑚̇ 𝑎

    Water mass balance: 𝑚3̇ + 𝑚𝑎̇ 1 𝜔1 = 𝑚4̇ + 𝑚𝑎̇ 2 𝜔2


    Or 𝑚3̇ − 𝑚4 ̇ = 𝑚𝑎̇ (𝜔2 − 𝜔1 ) = 𝑚𝑚𝑢
    ̇

    Energy balance: ∑𝑖𝑛 𝑚̇ ℎ =∑𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑚̇ ℎ → 𝑚𝑎̇ 1 ℎ1 + 𝑚̇ 3 ℎ3 = 𝑚𝑎̇ 2 ℎ2 + 𝑚̇ 4 ℎ4

    Or 𝑚̇ 3 ℎ3 = 𝑚̇ 𝑎 (ℎ2 − ℎ1 ) + (𝑚̇ 3 − 𝑚𝑚𝑢


    ̇ ) ℎ4

    Solving for 𝑚̇ 𝑎 gives:

    𝑚̇ 3 (ℎ3 − ℎ4 ) 𝑚̇ 3 𝐶𝑝 (𝑇3 − 𝑇4 )
    𝑚̇ 𝑎 = → 𝑚̇ 𝑎 =
    (ℎ2 − ℎ1 ) − (𝜔2 − 𝜔1 ) ℎ4 (ℎ2 − ℎ1 ) − (𝜔2 − 𝜔1 ) 𝐶𝑝 𝑇4

    Air properties at tower inlet DB/WB= 35°C/32.2°C

    h1 KJ/kg 𝝎1 𝑘𝑔𝑤 /𝑘𝑔𝑎 𝜗1 𝑚3 /𝑘𝑔


    111.6 0.0298 0.914

    Air properties at tower exit DB/WB= 40°C/39.7°C

    h2 KJ/kg 𝝎2 𝑘𝑔𝑤 /𝑘𝑔𝑎 𝜗2 𝑚3 /𝑘𝑔


    163.5 0.0479 0.954
    503.18 × 4.18 (41 − 35)
    𝑚𝑎∙ = = 256.23 𝑘𝑔/𝑠
    (163.5 − 111.6) − [(0.0479 − 0.0298) × 4.18 × 35]

    0.914 + 0.954 3
    𝑚𝑎∙ = 256.23 𝑘𝑔/𝑠 × 𝑚 /𝑘𝑔 = 239.3188 𝑚3 /𝑠
    2
    507,093 𝑐𝑓𝑚
    𝑚𝑎∙ = 507,093 𝑐𝑓𝑚 → 𝑚𝑎∙ /𝑇𝑅 = → 𝑚𝑎∙ = 𝟏𝟔𝟗 𝒄𝒇𝒎/𝑻𝑹
    3000 𝑇𝑅
    (c)

    The mass flow rate of the required makeup water is determined from:

    ̇ = 𝑚𝑎̇ (𝜔2 − 𝜔1 ) = 256.23 (0.0479 − 0.0298) = 4.64 𝑘𝑔/𝑠


    𝑚𝑚𝑢
    ∙
    𝑚𝑚𝑢 4.64
    ∙
    = = 0.0092 = 0.92%
    𝑚𝑤 503.18

    The above reveals that make up water flow rate in the cooling tower is
    approximately 0.92% of the condenser water flow.

    (d)
    ∙
    𝐿 𝑚𝑤 503.18
    = ∙ = = 1.96
    𝐺 𝑚𝑎 256.23

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