Sumber Yaws

Densitas
Komponen A B n
As. Miristat C14H28O2 0.2817 0.2697 0.2836
As. Palmitat C16H32O2 0.2797 0.2681 0.2947
As. Linoleat C18H32O2 0.2583 0.2376 0.2860
As. Oleat C18H34O2 0.2825 0.2681 0.2897
As. Stearat C18H36O2 0.2798 0.2686 0.3025
Glycerol C3H8O3 0.34908 0.24902 0.1541
Methanol CH4O 0.2720 0.2719 0.2331
Kalium Iodin KI 0.8267 0.3000 0.2857
Alumina Al2O3 1.2636 0.3000 0.2857
Kalium Oxide CaO
AIR H2O 0.3471 0.274 0.2857

Densitas CaO berdasarkan jurnal

Menentukan densitas CaO

X Y
3140 1600
3080 2000
3000 2400
2960 2800
2920 3200
2830 3600

Y=338K 3324.8350329934 kg/m^3

3.3248350329934 kg/L

Viskositas

Komponen A B C
As. Miristat C14H28O2 -6.731 1266.6 0.012388
As. Palmitat C16H32O2 -9.4484 2098.3 0.016578
As. Linoleat C18H32O2 -2.5389 1265.7 -0.00026625
As. Oleat C18H34O2 -6.1303 1689.3 0.008374
As. Stearat C18H36O2 -3.5929 1346.5 0.0029104
Glycerol C3H8O3 -18.2152 4.23E+03 2.87E-02
Methanol CH4O -9.0562 1254.2 0.022383
 Kalium Iodin KI -1.143 1459.6 -7.8064E-14
Alumina Al2O3
Kalsium Oxide CaO
Air H2O -10.2158 1792.5 1.77E-02
Tmd 3 0
Heat Capacity Tref 25 298 K
Komponen A B C D
C14H28O2 80.266 2.8162 -0.00601 5.1299E-06
C16H32O2 86.29 3.5724 -0.01 6.10E-06
C18H32O2 241.346 2.3065 -0.0050663 4.75E-06
C18H34O2 278.66 2.5434 -5.43E-03 4.92E-06
C18H36O2 99 3.59 -0.01 5.90E-06
C15H30O2 44 3.07 -0.01 5.58E-06
C17H34O2
C19H34O2
C19H36O2
C19H38O2
CH3OH 40.152 3.10E-01 -1.03E-03 1.46E-06
H2O

Konduktifitas termal cairan (W/mK) T 341.22671579 K

Komponen A B C kth
C14H28O2 -1.3018 0.61 756.00 0.1627
C16H32O2 -1.6139 0.96 776.00 0.1594
C18H32O2 -1.7073 0.96 775.00 0.1282
C18H34O2 -2.9905 2.63 781.00 0.1732
C18H36O2 -1.8215 1.15 799 0.1449
CH3OH -1.1793 0.62 512.58 0.1877
C15H30O2 -1.6873 0.9778 766 0.1377
C17H34O2 -1.6773 0.9878 765 0.1436
C19H34O2 -1.6973 0.9978 763 0.1396
C19H36O2 -1.8537 0.99 764.00 0.0952
C19H38O2 -1.6897 0.9683 810 0.1376
H2O -0.2758 0.0046 0.0000 0.6530
 R-01 120 ℃
T 341.226715787134 K
Tc (1-T/Tc)^n B^- (1-T/Tc)^n Rho
756.0000 0.8435 3.0206 0.8509
776.0000 0.8431 3.0342 0.8488
775.0000 0.8471 3.3788 0.8727
781.0000 0.8467 3.0482 0.8610
799.0000 0.8449 3.0363 0.8496
723 0.9063 3.5252 1.2306
512.5800 0.7746 2.7421 0.7458
2601.2200 0.9606 3.1790 2.6279
5335.0000 0.9813 3.2591 4.1181
3.3248
647.13 0.8073 2.8438 0.9871

Densitas
Komponen
Metil Miristat C15H30O2
Metil Palmitat C17H34O2
Metil Linoleat C19H34O2
Metil Oleat C19H36O2
Metil Stearat C19H38O2

341.226715787134
Suhu operasi DK-01 30

D (B/T) (C*T) (D*T^2)

-1.0611E-05 3.7119016225861 4.22711655517102 -1.23549891099609
-1.2551E-05 6.1492840475861 5.65685649431911 -1.46138411383583
-4.7215E-07 3.7092640799836 -0.090851613078325 -0.054975102330299
-6.4505E-06 4.950667464894 2.85743251800146 -0.751068299442117
-2.7617E-06 3.9460567936304 0.993106233626875 -0.321560394166234
-0.000018648 12.3979155332 9.79491287666968 -2.17129240337906
-2.3538E-05 3.6755621467295 7.63767757946342 -2.74066283734107
2.0159E-17 4.277507980678 -2.66375223412068E-11 2.3472267031166E-12
0 0 0
0 0 0
-1.26E-05 5.2531056833141 6.04994967090589 -1.47069896756118

Cp
-106062.58
-131775.01
-139000.41
-157773.59
-136592.10
-103017.12
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-19550.10
0.00
DE-01 120 ℃ TP
T 393 K T
(1-T/Tc)^n B^- (1-T/Tc)^n Rho (1-T/Tc)^n
0.8122 2.8992 0.8167 #REF!
0.8121 2.9132 0.8149 #REF!
0.8168 3.2351 0.8356 #REF!
0.8166 2.9295 0.8274 #REF!
0.8148 2.9184 0.8166 #REF!
0.8862 3.4279 1.1966 #REF!
0.7123 2.5284 0.6876 #REF!
0.9543 3.1548 2.6080 #REF!
0.9784 3.2477 4.1037 #REF!
3.3248
0.7656 2.6945 0.9353 #REF!

Temperatur (K) R-01

313.15 348.15 338
Rho Rho Rho(g/cm3)
0.8522 0.8255 0.8332
0.8508 0.8247 0.8323 0.8384846
0.8715 0.8461 0.8535
0.8595 0.8343 0.8416
0.8498 0.8245 0.8318

K Tangki Pencuci
℃ T 40 C
313 K
Visko (B/T) (C*T) (D*T^2)
0.938683678907398 4.046645367412 3.877444 -1.039549059
7.87691987997952 6.703833865815 5.188914 -1.229608919
10.5812594806615 4.043769968051 -0.08333625 -0.0462560634
8.44756774853457 5.397124600639 2.621062 -0.6319490345
10.585286890416 4.301916932907 0.9109552 -0.2705609873
64.0229979309616 13.51597444089 8.984665 -1.826925912
0.32838014390962 4.007028753994 7.005879 -2.305994322
 1363.03805334788 4.663258785943 -2.4434032E-11 1.9749571E-12
1 0 0 0
1 0 0 0
0.413577007665778 5.726837060703 5.54949 -1.237446439
 65 C DE-02 65 C
#REF! K T 338 K
B^- (1-T/Tc)^n Rho (1-T/Tc)^n B^- (1-T/Tc)^n Rho
#REF! #REF! 0.8453 3.0280 0.8529
#REF! #REF! 0.8449 3.0415 0.8508
#REF! #REF! 0.8489 3.3875 0.8750
#REF! #REF! 0.8485 3.0554 0.8630
#REF! #REF! 0.8467 3.0435 0.8516
#REF! #REF! 0.9075 3.5310 1.2326
#REF! #REF! 0.7780 2.7542 0.7490
#REF! #REF! 0.9610 3.1805 2.6292
#REF! #REF! 0.9815 3.2598 4.1190

#REF! #REF! 0.8097 2.8527 0.9902

DE-01 TP-01 DE-02

120 C #REF! K 338
393 K
Rho(g/cm3) Rho(g/cm3) Rho(g/cm3)
0.7913 #REF! 0.8332
0.7913 #REF! 0.8323
0.8136 #REF! 0.8535
0.8020 #REF! 0.8416
0.7921 #REF! 0.8318

T 65 C
338 K
Visko (B/T) (C*T) (D*T^2) Visko
1.4240994162334 3.747337278107 4.187144 -1.212243084 0.980027345987
16.396039156527 6.20798816568 5.603364 -1.433876444 8.493285473266
23.728902655133 3.744674556213 -0.0899925 -0.0539403046 11.53033038653
18.027585589618 4.997928994083 2.830412 -0.736930922 9.143449531419
22.356877418411 3.983727810651 0.9837152 -0.3155076548 11.45606201284
287.41771269508 12.51627218935 9.70229 -2.130422112 74.63457727527
0.4474179792428 3.710650887574 7.565454 -2.689075272 0.339492055362
3313.2849356886 4.318343195266 -2.6385632E-11 2.3030448E-12 1497.418503049
1 0 0 0 1
1 0 0 0 1
0.6653966678642 5.30325443787 5.99274 -1.443015964 0.433689066845
MD-01 65 C MD-02 40
T 338 K T 313
(1-T/Tc)^n B^- (1-T/Tc)^n Rho (1-T/Tc)^n B^- (1-T/Tc)^n
0.8453 3.0280 0.8529 0.8594 3.0842
0.8449 3.0415 0.8508 0.8588 3.0979
0.8489 3.3875 0.8750 0.8625 3.4545
0.8485 3.0554 0.8630 0.8621 3.1106
0.8467 3.0435 0.8516 0.8604 3.0985
0.9075 3.5310 1.2326 0.9163 3.5746
0.7780 2.7542 0.7490 0.8026 2.8440
0.9610 3.1805 2.6292 0.9640 3.1921
0.9815 3.2598 4.1190 0.9829 3.2653

0.8097 2.8527 0.9902 0.8279 2.9207

MD-01 MD-02
K 338 K 313

Rho(g/cm3) Rho(g/cm3)
0.8332 0.8523
0.8323 0.8509
0.8535 0.8716
0.8416 0.8596
0.8318 0.8499

Viskositas

Komponen
Metil Miristat C15H30O2
Metil Palmitat C17H34O2
Metil Linoleat C19H34O2
7.6859435356998 Metil Oleat C19H36O2
Metil Stearat C19H38O2
C
K
Rho
0.8688
0.8666
0.8923
0.8786
0.8670
1.2478
0.7735
2.6388
4.1259

1.0138

Temperatur (K) 70 C
313.15 348.15 338 #REF!
Visko(mPa.s) Visko Visko(cp) Rho(g/cm3)
2.8447 1.5321 1.9128 #REF! 2.475247
3.7551 1.9421 2.4679 #REF!
3.227 1.8038 2.2165 #REF!
3.9303 2.0499 2.5952 #REF!
4.9862 2.4477 3.1839 #REF!
inter polasi
338-313,1= x- visko(313,15)
 348,15-313,15 visko(348,15)- visko(313,15)

x= ( 24.85 * visko(348,15)- visko )

35
 PERHITUNGAN NERACA MASSA DENGAN KAPASITAS 150000 TON/TAHUN

Reaksi = CPO(l) + 3CH4O(l) Gliserol(l) + 3Metil Ester(l)

Konversi CPO (X) = 95.0% Limiting Reactan

Basis CPO = 22.0166 kgmol/jam

= 22.0166 kgmol/jam x 884 kg/kgmol
Basis CPO = 19462.679 kg/jam

Diketahui :
Spesifikasi Komposisi Bahan Baku

CPO
Metanol
Unsur Kadar BM
TG (A) 97.35% 884 Unsur Kadar BM
FFA 2.50% 269.642 CH3OH (B) 99.85% 32
H2O 0.15% 18 H2O 0.15% 18
(PT.Perkebunan Nasional VII Jambi) (PT. Kaltim Metanol Industri)
Produk

Unsur BM
ME R-COOCH3 (E) 296
Gliserol C3H8O3 (H) 92

REAKTOR (R-01)
Fungsi : Mereaksikan CPO dan Metanol
Reaksi :
C57H104O6 (A)(l) + 3CH3OH (F)(l) 3C15H30O2 (G)(l) + C3H8O3 (L)(l)

Konversi = 77.0% Limiting Reactan

Umpan masuk (input) :

Berasal dari umpan segar CPO dari Gudang Penyimpanan
Dari umpan CPO (Gudang Penyimpanan)
C57H104O6 (A) = laju mol CPO
= 22.02 kgmol/jam = 19462.679 kg/jam
FFA =
1.8536 kgmol/jam = 499.812 kg/jam
H2O = laju mol CPO
= 1.6660 kgmol/jam = 29.989 kg/jam
19992.480

Dari umpan Metanol (Gudang Penyimpanan)

 CH3OH (F) = 42 x laju mol CPO Recycle
= 925 kgmol/jam = 29590 kg/jam EV-01
H2O = 0,15 % massa dari umpan Metanol
0.15 EV-02
= 29590 x
99.85
= 44.4522 kg/jam

Umpan Katalis 6%wt CPO (Al2O3 : CaO : KI = 20 : 6 : 7)

Berat katalis = 1167.76076 kg/jam
Al2O3 = 20.00
1168 x
33 Input
= 707.7338 kg/jam 2635.2828
Na2O = 3.95292415
2631.3298
= #DIV/0! kg/jam 2635.2828
CaO = 6.00
1168 x
33
= 212.3201 kg/jam
MgO =

= #DIV/0! kg/jam
KI = 7.00
1168 x
33
= 247.7068 kg/jam
Cl -
=

= #DIV/0! kg/jam

Bereaksi
Komponen Mula-mula Bereaksi Sisa
C57H104O6 (A) FAo -FAo.XA FAo - FAo.XA
3CH3OH(B) FBo (-3FBo.XA) FFo - 3FBo.XA
3R-COOCH3(C) FCo 3FCo.XA 3FCo.Xa
C3H8O3 (D) FDo FDo.XA FDo.Xa
FAo = 22.02 kgmol/jam
FFo = 925 kgmol/jam
C57H104O6 = - FAo.XA
= -16.952786 kgmol/jam
CH3OH = (- 3FBo.XA)
= -50.858359 kgmol/jam
R-COOCH3 = 3FCo.XA
= 50.8583589 kgmol/jam
C3H8O3 = FDo.XA
= 16.9527863 kgmol/jam

Sisa (output) :
 C57H104O6 = C57H104O6 input - C57H104O6 bereaksi
= 5.0638 kgmol/jam = 4476.4162 kg/jam
CH3OH = CH3OH input - CH3OH bereaksi
= 924.7 kgmol/jam = 27962.8504 kg/jam
R-COOCH3 = R-COOCH3 (A)(l) bereaksi
= 50.86 kgmol/jam = 15054.0742 kg/jam
C3H8O3 = C2H5(COOR)3 bereaksi
= 16.95 kgmol/jam = 1559.6563 kg/jam
FFA = FFA Input
= 1.85 kgmol/jam = 707.7338 kg/jam
H2O = H2O input
= 4.14 kgmol/jam = 74.4409 kg/jam
Al2O3 = Al2O3 Input
= 6.94 kgmol/jam = 707.7338 kg/jam
CaO = CaO Input
= 3.79 kgmol/jam = 212.3201 kg/jam
KI = KI Input
= 1.49 kgmol/jam = 247.7068 kg/jam
Inert = Inert Input
= kgmol/jam = #DIV/0! kg/jam

BM Input Output
Komponen RX
(kg/kgmol) (kgmol/jam) (kg/jam) (kgmol/jam) (kg/jam)
C57H104O6(l) 884 22.017 19462.679 -16.953 5.064 4476.416
CH3OH (l) 32 924.697 29590.318 -50.858 873.839 27962.850
R-COOCH3 (l) 296 0.000 0.000 50.858 50.858 15054.074
C3H8O3(l) 92 0.000 0.000 16.953 16.953 1559.656
FFA(l) 269.642 1.854 499.812 0.000 1.854 499.812
H2O(l) 18 4.136 74.441 0.000 4.136 74.441
Al2O3(s) 102 6.939 707.734 0.000 6.939 707.734
CaO(s) 56 3.791 212.320 0.000 3.791 212.320
KI(s) 166 1.492 247.707 0.000 1.492 247.707
Inert(s) 0.000 0.000
TOTAL 964.9 50795.01 0.00 964.9 50795.01
0.0
REAKTOR (R-02)
Fungsi : Mereaksikan CPO dan Metanol
Reaksi :
C57H104O6 (A)(l) + 3CH3OH (F)(l) 3C15H30O2 (G)(l) + C3H8O3 (L)(l)

Konversi = 95.0% Limiting Reactan

Umpan masuk (input) :

BM Input
Komponen
 Komponen
(kg/kgmol) (kgmol/jam) (kg/jam)
C57H104O6(l) 884 5.064 4476.416
CH3OH (l) 32 873.839 27962.850
R-COOCH3 (l) 296 50.858 15054.074
C3H8O3(l) 92 16.953 1559.656
FFA(l) 269.642 1.854 499.812
H2O(l) 18 4.136 74.441
Al2O3(s) 102 6.939 707.734
CaO(s) 56 3.791 212.320
KI(s) 166 1.492 247.707
Inert(s) 0 0.000 0.000
TOTAL 964.93 50795.01

Bereaksi
Komponen Mula-mula Bereaksi Sisa
C57H104O6 (A) FAo -FAo.XA FAo - FAo.XA
3CH3OH(B) FBo (-3FBo.XA) FFo - 3FBo.XA
3R-COOCH3(C) FCo 3FCo.XA 3FCo.Xa
C3H8O3 (D) FDo FDo.XA FDo.Xa
FAo = 5.064 kgmol/jam
FFo = 873.839 kgmol/jam
C57H104O6 = - FAo.XA
= -4.811 kgmol/jam
CH3OH = (- 3FAo.XA)
= -14.432 kgmol/jam
3C15H30O2 = 3FAo.XA
= 14.432 kgmol/jam
C3H8O3 = FAo.XA
= 4.811 kgmol/jam

Sisa (output) :
C57H104O6 = C57H104O6 input - C57H104O6 bereaksi
= 0.2532 kgmol/jam = 223.8208 kg/jam
CH3OH = CH3OH input - CH3OH bereaksi
= 873.8 kgmol/jam = 27501.0301 kg/jam
R-COOCH3 = R-COOCH3 (A)(l) bereaksi
= 14.43 kgmol/jam = 19325.9122 kg/jam
C3H8O3 = C2H5(COOR)3 bereaksi
= 4.81 kgmol/jam = 2002.2341 kg/jam
FFA = FFA Input
= 0.00 kgmol/jam = 499.8120 kg/jam
H2O = H2O input
= 0.00 kgmol/jam = 74.4409 kg/jam
Al2O3 = Al2O3 Input
= #REF! kgmol/jam = 707.7338 kg/jam
 CaO = CaO Input
= 0.00 kgmol/jam = 212.3201 kg/jam
KI = KI Input
= 0.00 kgmol/jam = 247.7068 kg/jam
Inert = Inert Input
= kgmol/jam = 0.00 kg/jam

BM Input Output
Komponen RX
(kg/kgmol) (kgmol/jam) (kg/jam) (kgmol/jam) (kg/jam)
C57H104O6(l) 884 5.06 4476.416 -4.811 0.253 223.821
CH3OH (l) 32 873.84 27962.850 -14.432 859.41 27501.030
R-COOCH3 (l) 296 50.86 15054.074 14.432 65.29 19325.912
C3H8O3(l) 92 16.95 1559.656 4.811 21.76 2002.234
FFA(l) 269.642 1.85 499.812 0.000 1.85 499.812
H2O(l) 18 4.14 74.441 0.000 4.14 74.441
Al2O3(s) 102 6.94 707.734 0.000 6.94 707.734
CaO(s) 56 3.79 212.320 0.000 3.79 212.320
KI(s) 166 1.49 247.707 0.000 1.49 247.707
Inert(s) 0 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.000
TOTAL 964.93 50795.01 0.00 964.93 50795.011

CENTRIFUGE (CF-01)
Fungsi : Memisahkan Katalis dari larutan induk (mother liquor)
Asumsi : Cairan yang terbawa padatan (cake) sebanyak 2% dari total massa cairan

Umpan masuk merupakan hasil keluaran (output) dari Reaktor (R-01)

Umpan masuk (input) :
Liquid (mother liquor)
C57H104O6 = 223.8208 kg/jam
CH3OH = 27501.0301 kg/jam
R-COOCH3 = 19325.9122 kg/jam
C3H8O3 = 2002.2341 kg/jam
FFA = 499.8120 kg/jam
H2O = 74.4409 kg/jam
Al2O3 = 707.7338 kg/jam
CaO = 212.3201 kg/jam
KI = 247.7068 kg/jam
Inert = 0.0000 kg/jam

Keluaran (output) :
Cake
C57H104O6 = 1% dari C57H104O6 umpan masuk
= 4.4764 kg/jam
CH3OH = 1% dari CH3OH umpan masuk
= 550.0206 kg/jam
R-COOCH3 = 1% dari R-COOCH3 umpan masuk
 = 386.5182 kg/jam
C3H8O3 = 1% dari C3H8O3 umpan masuk
= 40.0447 kg/jam
FFA = 1% dari FFA umpan masuk
= 124.9530 kg/jam
H2O = 1% dari H2O umpan masuk
= 1.4888 kg/jam
Al2O3 = umpan masuk Al2O3
= 707.7 kg/jam
CaO = umpan masuk CaO
= 212.3201 kg/jam
KI = umpan masuk KI
= 247.7068 kg/jam
Inert = umpan masuk Inert
= 0.0000 kg/jam

Liquid (mother liquor) : (laju komponen masuk - 1% dari laju komponen masuk)
C57H104O6 = C57H104O6 input masuk - 1% C57H104O6 umpan masuk
= 219.3444 kg/jam
CH3OH = CH3OH umpan masuk - 1% dari CH3OH umpan masuk
= 26951.0095 kg/jam
R-COOCH3 = R-COOCH3 umpan masuk - 1% dari R-COOCH3 umpan masuk
= 18939.3939
C3H8O3 = C3H8O3 umpan masuk - 1% dari C3H8O3 umpan masuk
= 1962.1895 kg/jam
FFA = FFA umpan masuk - 1% dari FFA umpan masuk
= 374.8590 kg/jam
H2O = H2O umpan masuk - 1% dari H2O umpan masuk
= 72.9521 kg/jam

BM Input (kg/jam) Output (kg/jam)

Komponen
(kg/kgmol) Cake Liquid Cake Liquid
C57H104O6(l) 884 223.821 4.476 219.344
CH3OH (l) 32 27501.030 550.021 26951.010
R-COOCH3 (l) 296 19325.912 386.518 18939.394
C3H8O3(l) 92 2002.234 40.045 1962.189
FFA(l) 269.642 499.812 124.953 374.859
H2O(l) 18 74.441 1.489 72.952
Al2O3(s) 102 707.734 707.734
CaO(s) 56 212.320 212.320
KI(s) 166 247.707 247.707
Inert(s) 0 0.000 0.000
TOTAL 50795.0109 50795.0109 48519.7484

DEKANTER (DE-01)
Fungsi : Memisahkan gliserol dari larutan Metil Ester, CPO dan CH 3OH

Input ρ Kelarutan dalam

Komponen H2O
(kgmol/jam) (kg/jam) kg/l
C57H104O6(l) 0.25 219.34 0.8651 Tidak larut
CH3OH (l) 842.22 26951.01 0.7590 larut sempurna
R-COOCH3 (l) 63.98 18939.39 0.8458 Tidak larut
C3H8O3(l) 21.33 1962.19 1.2388 5/10 gr H2O
FFA(l) 1.39 374.86 0.8693 Tidak larut
H2O(l) 4.05 72.95 0.9997 1/100 gr H2O
TOTAL 933.22 48519.75

Kelarutan dalam Kelarutan dalam Kelarutan dalam

Komponen H2O C3H8O3
FAME
C57H104O6(l) Tidak larut larut sempurna Tidak larut
CH3OH (l) larut sempurna 1/10 gr 4/10 gr C3H8O3
R-COOCH3 (l) Tidak larut larut sempurna Tidak larut
C3H8O3(l) 5/10 gr H2O Tidak larut larut sempurna
FFA(l) Tidak larut larut sempurna Tidak larut
H2O(l) 1/100 gr H2O Tidak larut
TOTAL

Massa CH3OH larut dalam gliserol = Massa C3H8O3 . Kelarutan CH3OH

= 784.8758 kg/jam
Massa CH3OH pada fase ringan = Massa CH 3
OH awal - Massa CH3OH larut dalam air
= 26166.1337 kg/jam
Massa C3H8O3 larut dalam air = Massa H2O . Kelarutan C3H8O3
= 32.8284 kg/jam

Asumsi H2O yang melarutkan CH3OH masuk kedalam fase ringan

maka H2O yang masuk kedalam fase ringan yaitu :
Massa H2O dalam fase ringan = 40.1236 kg/jam
Sehingga diperoleh Hasil Atas (Fase Ringan) yaitu :
Input
Komponen
(kgmol/jam) (kg/jam)
C57H104O6(l) 0.25 219.34
CH3OH (l) 817.69 26166.13
R-COOCH3 (l) 63.98 18939.39
FFA(l) 1.39 374.86
H2O(l) 2.23 40.12
TOTAL 885.54 45739.85
Hasil bawah
Merupakan keluaran yang sangat larut dengan H2O dan C3H8O3. Yaitu Gliserol (C3H8O3
dan Metanol (CH3OH) yang larut dalam air.
Massa CH3OH pada fase berat = Massa C3H8O3 . Kelarutan CH3OH
= 784.8758 kg/jam
Massa C3H8O3 larut dalam air = Massa H 2
O . Kelarutan C3H8O3
= 32.8284 kg/jam

Sehingga diperoleh Hasil Bawah (Fase Berat) yaitu :

Input
Komponen
(kgmol/jam) (kg/jam)
CH3OH(l) 24.5274 784.8758
C3H8O3(l) 21.3281 1962.1895
H2O(l) 1.8238 32.8284
TOTAL 23.1519 2779.8937

Menentukan Kecepatan Volumetrik pada Dekanter 1 (DE-01)

1. Hasil Atas (Fase Ringan)
Output ρ μ ρ . Xi Xi / μ q
Komponen Xi
kg/jam kg/l cp kg/L l/cp l/jam
C57H104O6(l) 219.34 0.0048 0.865 8.321 7.198 0.001 253.549
CH3OH (l) 26166.13 0.57206 0.759 0.339 0.258 1.685 34473.090
R-COOCH3 (l) 18939.39 0.41407 0.846 2.988 2.527 0.139 22391.255
FFA(l) 374.86 0.0082 0.869 2.595 2.256 0.003 431.226
H2O(l) 40.12 0.00088 1.000 0.434 0.434 0.002 40.135
TOTAL 45739.9 1 4.34 14.68 12.672 1.829 57589.254

Kecepatan Volumetrik Hasil Atas (Fase Ringan) yaitu :

Kecepatan Volumetrik (QL) = Total Massa
ρ

Kecepatan Volumetrik (QL) = 45739.85 kg/jam

4.3389699462 kg/L
= 10541.639 L/jam

Rapat Massa Hasil Atas (Fase Ringan) yaitu :

Rapat Massa (ρL) = Total Massa
q
= 45739.85 kg/jam
57589.254337 L/jam
= 0.7942429 kg/L
= 794.24287 kg/m3

= 1
(X/μ)
 Viskositas (μL) = 1
1.8294075
= 0.5466251 cP
= 0.0005466 k.m/s

2. Hasil bawah (Fasa berat)

Output ρ μ ρ.X X/μ q
Komponen Xi
kg/jam kg/L (cP) kg/L (L/cP) L/jam
CH3OH(l) 784.8758 0.2823 0.7590307 0.3394921 0.2143049 0.8316549 1034.0501
C3H8O3(l) 1962.189 0.7059 1.2387567 74.634577 0.8743771 0.0094574 1583.9991
H2O(l) 32.8284 0.0118 0.9997172 0.4336891 0.0118059 0.0272297 32.837713
TOTAL 2779.9 1 2.9975046 75.407758 1.1004879 0.868342 2650.8869
Kecepatan Volumetrik Hasil Bawah (Fase Berat) yaitu :
Kecepatan Volumetrik (QH) = Total Massa
ρ

Kecepatan Volumetrik (QH) = 2779.893673 kg/jam

2.997504581 kg/L
= 927.40264 L/jam

Rapat Massa Hasil Bawah (Fase Berat) yaitu :

Rapat Massa (ρH) = Total Massa
q
= 2779.893673 kg/jam
2650.8869014 L/jam
= 1.0486655 kg/L
= 1048.6655 kg/m3

Viskositas Hasil Atas (Fase Ringan) yaitu :

Viskositas (μH) = 1
(X/μ)
Viskositas (μH) = 1
0.868342
= 1.15162 cP
= 0.0011516 k.m/s
Menentukan Koefisien Distribusi (ϴ) pada Hasil Keluaran Dekanter 1 (DE-01)

(Coulson and Richardson’s Ed 4th., 2005)

Maka :
θ = 10541.639 l/jam 0.7942429 kg/L 1.15162 cP 0.3
( )
927.40264 l/jam 1.0486655 kg/L 0.5466251 cP
θ = 13.077376

Keterangan :
θ > 3, fase berat terdispersi
θ < 3, fase ringan terdispersi
2 < θ < 3, fase berat mungkin
Sehingga yang terdispersi adalah fase berat karena θ > 3 sedangkan fase ringan
adalah fase contiunous.

Karena θ > 3, maka Hasil Bawah (Fase Berat) akan terdispersi

Asumsi :
Sebanyak 1% massa Hasil Bawah (Fase Berat) terdispersi menuju Hasil Atas
(Fase Ringan) dengan data sebagai berikut :
Input
Komponen
(kgmol/jam) (kg/jam)
CH3OH(l) 0.25 7.85
C3H8O3(l) 0.21 19.62
H2O(l) 0.02 0.33
TOTAL 0.48 27.80

Sehingga hasil akhir keluran Dekanter setelah penambahan dan pengurangan oleh
Fase yang terdispersi yaitu sebagai berikut :
Hasil Atas
Output
Komponen Xi
(kgmol/jam) (kg/jam)
C57H104O6(l) 0.248 219.344 0.004793
CH3OH (l) 817.937 26173.982 0.571888
R-COOCH3 (l) 63.984 18939.394 0.413816
C3H8O3(l) 0.213 19.622 0.000429
FFA(l) 1.390 374.859 0.008190
H2O(l) 2.247 40.452 0.000884
TOTAL 886.020 45767.654 1

Hasil Bawah (Fasa Berat)

Output
Komponen Xi
(kgmol/jam) (kg/jam)
CH3OH(l) 0.964 777.027 0.2823
C3H8O3(l) 60.705 1942.568 0.7059
H2O(l) 0.116 32.500 0.0118
TOTAL 61.785 2752.095 1

Input Output(kg/jam)
Komponen
kg/jam Atas Bawah
 C57H104O6(l) 219.344 219.344
CH3OH (l) 26951.010 26173.982 777.03
R-COOCH3 (l) 18939.394 18939.394
C3H8O3(l) 1962.189 19.622 1942.57
FFA(l) 374.859 374.859
H2O(l) 72.952 40.452 32.50
TOTAL 48519.75 48519.75
0.00

EVAPORATOR (EV-01)
1. Umpan Masuk Evaporator 1 (EV-01)
Input
Komponen Xi
(kgmol/jam) (kg/jam)
C57H104O6(l) 0.248 219.344 0.0048
CH3OH (l) 817.937 26173.982 0.5719
R-COOCH3 (l) 63.984 18939.394 0.4138
C3H8O3(l) 0.213 19.622 0.0004
FFA(l) 1.390 374.859 0.0082
H2O(l) 2.247 40.452 0.00088
TOTAL 886.02 45767.65 1.0000

2. Menentukan Kondisi Operasi pada Evaporator 1 (EV-01)

Data tekanan uap murni

Tabel 2. Data tekanan uap murni

Komponen A B C
C16H32O26 8.1718 2631.4566 158.347
C18H32O2 8.01735 2631.4566 155.614
C18H34O2 8.0641 2629.09 156.667
Trigliserida 8.0844 2630.6677 156.8760
C17H34O2 7.762 2450 190
C19H34O2 7.782 2572.1 180.74
C19H36O2 7.8426 2556.27 171.334
Biodiesel 7.7955 2526.1233 180.6913
FFA 9.9078 3821.3600 253.8060
C3 H 8 O 3 8.1718 2631.4566 158.347

ln Pi = A - B
T + C
Pº = Tekanan, mmHg
T = suhu, K

Komponen A B C
CH3OH 18.5875 3626.55 -34.29
H2O 18.3036 3816.44 -46.13
Nilai Konstanta Kesetimbangan (k) dapat dihitung dengan persamaan :

Dimana :
k Konstanta kesetimbangan uap-cair
P Tekanan total (mmHg)

Sedangkan kondisi suatu campuran dapat diketahui dari Persamaan Roult Dalton yaitu

Jika :
Ʃyi = 1 maka disebut cair jenuh (saturated liquid) yaitu kondisi dimana cairan sudah mulai
menguap.
ƩXi = 1 maka disebut adalah uap jenuh (saturated vapor) yaitu kondisi dimana cairan sudah
mulai mengembun.

Penentuan Kondisi Operasi

Trial 1
P = 1 atm = 760 mmHg
T = 66.687 ºC = 339.687 K

(Smith Van Ness Chapter 10., 2001 page 340).

Input Pº
Komponen xi K yi
kgmol/jam mmHg
C57H104O6(l) 0.2481 0.0003 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000000
CH3OH (l) 817.9370 0.9232 822.7317 1.0825 0.9993573
R-COOCH3 (l) 63.9844 0.0722 0.0038 0.0000 0.0000004
C3H8O3(l) 0.2133 0.0002 0.0096 0.0000 0.0000000
FFA(l) 1.3902 0.0016 0.0003 0.0000 0.0000000
H2O(l) 2.2473 0.0025 200.9234 0.2644 0.0006706
TOTAL 886.0203 1.0000 1.0000

Karena Ʃyi = 1 yang artinya kondisi campuran adalah cair jenuh dimana cairan sudah
mulai menguap, maka diambil kondisi operasi yaitu :
P = 1 atm = 760 mmHg
T = 66.687 ºC = 339.687 K
Menentukan Hasil Atas dan Hasil Bawah keluaran Evaporator
Titik didih
Komponen
ºC
C57H104O6(l) 280
CH3OH (l) 64.85
R-COOCH3 (l) 302.5
C3H8O3(l) 290.15
FFA(l) 351.15
H2O(l) 100.15
TOTAL Titik didih

Karena kondisi operasi Evaporator mendekati titik didih H2O dan C12H26 maka dirancang
Hasil Atas Evaporator (Saturated Steam) berupa campuran dengan kompisisi
CH3OH = 99.85%
H2O = 0.15%

Umpan masuk Evaporator

Output
Komponen Xi
(kgmol/jam) (kg/jam)
C57H104O6(l) 0.25 219.34 0.004839
CH3OH (l) 817.94 26173.98 0.577375
R-COOCH3 (l) 63.98 18939.39 0.417786
C3H8O3(l) 0.21 19.62 0.000433
FFA(l) 1.39 374.86 0.008269
H2O(l) 2.25 40.45 0.000892
TOTAL 882.17 45332.72 1

Maka :
Maka CH3OH = 99.85% x 26173.9825 kg/jam
= 26134.7215 kg/jam
Maka H2O = 0.15% x 26173.9825 kg/jam
= 39.2610 kg/jam

Sehingga didapat Hasil Atas Evaporator, sebesar :

Output
Komponen Xi
(kgmol/jam) (kg/jam)
C57H104O6(l) 0.00 0.00 0.00000
CH3OH (l) 1451.93 26134.72 0.99850
R-COOCH3 (l) 0.00 0.00 0.00000
C3H8O3(l) 0.00 0.00 0.00000
FFA(l) 0.00 0.00 0.00000
H2O(l) 2.18 39.26097 0.00150
TOTAL 1454.11 26173.98 1
 Maka CH3OH = ( 26173.98 - 26134.72 ) kg/jam
= 39.2610 kg/jam
Maka H2O = ( 40.45192 - 39.26097 ) kg/jam
= 1.19094 kg/jam
Maka :
Output
Komponen Xi
(kgmol/jam) (kg/jam)
C57H104O6(l) 0.248 219.344 0.011195
CH3OH (l) 1.227 39.261 0.002004
R-COOCH3 (l) 63.984 18939.394 0.966608
C3H8O3(l) 0.213 19.622 0.001001
FFA(l) 1.390 374.859 0.019132
H2O(l) 0.066 1.191 0.000061
TOTAL 67.129 19593.671 1.000000

OUTPUT BIODIESEL
18939.394

Kapasitas produksi kg 330 Hari 24 jam 1 Ton

꓿ 18939.39 x x x
jam 1 Tahun 1 Hari 1000 kg
꓿ Ton
150,000
Tahun

EVAPORATOR (EV-01)
1. Umpan Masuk Evaporator 1 (EV-01)
Input
Komponen Xi
(kgmol/jam) (kg/jam)
CH3OH (l) 24.282 777.027 0.2823
C3H8O3(l) 21.115 1942.568 0.7059
H2O(l) 1.806 32.500 0.0118
TOTAL 47.20 2752.09 1.0000

2. Menentukan Kondisi Operasi pada Evaporator 1 (EV-01)

Data tekanan uap murni
Komponen A B C
C3 H 8 O 3 9.9078 3821.3600 253.8060
ln Pi = A - B
T + C
Pº = Tekanan, mmHg
T = suhu, K
 Komponen A B C
CH3OH 18.5875 3626.55 -34.29
H2O 18.3036 3816.44 -46.13
Nilai Konstanta Kesetimbangan (k) dapat dihitung dengan persamaan :

Dimana :
k Konstanta kesetimbangan uap-cair
P Tekanan total (mmHg)

Sedangkan kondisi suatu campuran dapat diketahui dari Persamaan Roult Dalton yaitu

Jika :
Ʃyi = 1 maka disebut cair jenuh (saturated liquid) yaitu kondisi dimana cairan sudah mulai
menguap.
ƩXi = 1 maka disebut adalah uap jenuh (saturated vapor) yaitu kondisi dimana cairan sudah
mulai mengembun.

Penentuan Kondisi Operasi

Trial 1
P = 1 atm = 760 mmHg
T = 81.4534 ºC = 354.453 K

(Smith Van Ness Chapter 10., 2001 page 340).

Input Pº
Komponen xi K yi
kgmol/jam mmHg
CH3OH 24.2821 0.5144 1422.7065 1.8720 0.9630
C3 H 8 O 3 21.1149 0.4473 0.0323 0.0000 0.0000
H2O 1.8056 0.0383 374.4878 0.4927 0.0188
Total 47.2025 1.0000 0.9819

Karena Ʃyi = 1 yang artinya kondisi campuran adalah cair jenuh dimana cairan sudah
mulai menguap, maka diambil kondisi operasi yaitu :
P = 1 atm = 760 mmHg
T = 81.4534 ºC = 354.453 K

Menentukan Hasil Atas dan Hasil Bawah keluaran Evaporator

Titik didih
Komponen
ºC
CH3OH 64.85
C3 H 8 O 3 290.15
H2O 100.15
 Total Titik didih

Karena kondisi operasi Evaporator mendekati titik didih H2O dan C12H26 maka dirancang
Hasil Atas Evaporator (Saturated Steam) berupa campuran dengan kompisisi
CH3OH = 99.85%
H2O = 0.15%

Umpan masuk Evaporator

Output
Komponen Xi
(kgmol/jam) (kg/jam)
CH3OH(l) 24.28 777.03 0.282340217719
C3H8O3(l) 21.11 1942.57 0.705850544297
H2O(l) 1.81 32.50 0.011809237984
TOTAL 47.20 2752.09 1

Maka :
Maka CH3OH = 99.85% x 777.0270 kg/jam
= 775.8615 kg/jam
Maka H2O = 0.15% x 777.0270 kg/jam
= 1.1655 kg/jam

Sehingga didapat Hasil Atas Evaporator, sebesar :

Output
Komponen Xi
(kgmol/jam) (kg/jam)
CH3OH(l) 24.25 775.861 0.99850
H2O(l) 0.06 1.166 0.00150
TOTAL 24.31 777.027 1

Maka CH3OH = ( 777.03 - 775.86 ) kg/jam

= 1.17 kg/jam
Maka H2O = ( 32.50 - 1.17 ) kg/jam
= 31.33 kg/jam
Maka :
Output
Komponen Xi
(kgmol/jam) (kg/jam)
CH3OH(l) 0.04 1.166 0.000590126878
C3H8O3(l) 21.11 1942.568 0.98354479619
H2O(l) 1.74 31.335 0.015865076932
TOTAL 22.89 1975.068 1

MENARA DISITLASI 01 (MD-01)

Fungsi : Memisah metanol dari air, dan sisa reaktan sebagai produk atas menara distilasi
Asumsi : Hasil atas 0,01 fraksi metil palmitat
1. Umpan menara distilasi
BM Total Umpan
Komponen
 Komponen
kg/kmol kmol/jam kg/jam
C57H105O6(l) 884 0 0.00
CH3OH(l) 32 0 0.00
R-COOCH3(l) 296 0 0.00
C3H8O3(l) 92 0 0.00
FFA 270 0 0.00
H2O(l) 18 0 0.00
TOTAL 0 0.00

2. Menentukan Kondisi Operasi Atas, Umpan dan Dasar Menara dengan metode
Hengstebeck
Umpan :
1. Umpan masuk dalam kondisi cair jenuh
2. Sebagai komponen kunci ringan (light key component/lk) dipilih komponen mix 1
3. sebagai komponen kunci berat (heavy key component/hk) dipilih Mix 2

Data tekanan uap

Tekanan uap murni komponen ditentukan dengan persamaan uap Antoine.
Kesetimbangan fase cair-uap dapat didekati dengan persamaan Antoine sebagai
berikut:
Log Pi = A - B
T + C

Pº = Tekanan, mmHg
T = suhu, C

Tabel 2. Data tekanan uap murni

Komponen A B C
C16H32O26 8.1718 2631.4566 158.347
C18H32O2 8.01735 2631.4566 155.614
C18H34O2 8.0641 2629.09 156.667
Trigliserida 8.0844 2630.6677 156.8760
C17H34O2 7.762 2450 190
C19H34O2 7.782 2572.1 180.74
C19H36O2 7.8426 2556.27 171.334
Biodiesel 7.7955 2526.1233 180.6913
FFA 9.9078 3821.3600 253.8060
C3 H 8 O 3 8.1718 2631.4566 158.347

ln Pi = A - B
T + C
Pº = Tekanan, mmHg
T = suhu, K
 Komponen A B C
CH3OH 18.5875 3626.55 -34.29
H2O 18.3036 3816.44 -46.13
Keadaan kesetimbangan uap-cair dinyatakan dengan persamaan :
yi = Ʃ K . Xi ≈ 1
yi = fraksi mol komponen i dalam fasa uap
xi = fraksi mol komponen i dalam fasa cair
Koefisien distribusi/konstanta kesetimbangan mengikuti persamaan Hukum Roult:

Ki = Po
Pt

Po = Tekanan uap masing-masing komponen, mmHg

Pt = Tekanan Total, mmHg

3. Kondisi Operasi
1) Kondisi operasi umpan
Umpan masuk menara distilasi pada keadaan bubble point, Σyi = Σ xi. Ki = 1,00.
Trial and error T = 85.964 ºC Pº = 836 mmHg
= 358.96 K = 1.1 atm
Tabel 6. Kondisi operasi umpan
Komponen F xi Pº K yi alpha log(alp)
C57H104O6 0.0000 ### 0.0017843 2.134E-06 #DIV/0! 0.0000 -5.3995
CH3OH 0.0000 ### 1665.1521 1.9918087 #DIV/0! 3.7197 0.57051
R-COOCH3 0.0000 ### 0.0209971 2.512E-05 #DIV/0! 0.0000 -4.3288
C3 H 8 O 3 0.0000 ### 0.0458025 5.479E-05 #DIV/0! 0.0001 -3.9901
FFA 0.0000 ### 0.0025169 3.011E-06 #DIV/0! 0.0000 -5.2501
H2 O 0.0000 ### 447.6542 0.5354715 #DIV/0! 1.0000 0
Total 0.0 ### #DIV/0!

Diperoleh kondisi operasi umpan :

Suhu umpan menara = 85.964 C
Tekanan bawah menara = 836 mmHg

y = log (di/bi)
x = log (alp)
 CH3OH H2O
Dinginkan : Distilat : 0.9985 0.0015
Bottom : 0.0015 0.9985
y2 = 2.8233 x2 = 0.5705
y1 = -2.8233 x1 = 0

y = Px-Q+R Sehingga :
P = 9.8973 y = 9.8973 x -2.8233
Q = 0
R = -2.8233

Komponen Xi log(alp) log(d/b) d/b B D B+D

C57H104O6 ### -5.3994632 -56.263295 5.4539E-57 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! ###
CH3OH ### 0.57051124 2.82325681 665.666667 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! ###
R-COOCH3 ### -4.3287834 -45.666469 2.1554E-46 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! ###
C3 H 8 O 3 ### -3.9900533 -42.31396 4.8533E-43 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! ###
FFA ### -5.2500835 -54.784841 1.6412E-55 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! ###
H2 O ### 0 -2.8232568 0.00150225 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! ###
Total ### -18.397872 -199.02856 9.363E-200 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! ###

Masuk
Komponen BM
kgmol/jam kg/jam
C57H104O6 884 0.0000 0.0000
CH3OH 32 0.0000 0.0000
R-COOCH3 296 0.0000 0.0000
C3 H 8 O 3 92 0.0000 0.0000
FFA 270 0.0000 0.0000
H2 O 18 0.0000 0.0000
Total BM 0.0000 0.0000

Distilat Bottom
Komponen Fraksi mol D Fraksi mol B
kgmol/jam kg/jam kgmol/jam kg/jam
C57H104O6 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
CH3OH #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
R-COOCH3 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
C3 H 8 O 3 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
FFA #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
H2 O #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Total #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

Itungan
Itungan Naik
Komponen Turun Massa
Massa B
B
C57H104O6 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
CH3OH #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
R-COOCH3 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
C3 H 8 O 3 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
FFA #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
H2 O #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Total
Metanol Industri)
Recycle
Metanol 26134.7215
Air 39.2610
Metanol 775.8615
Air 1.1655
26951.0095

1.0000
0.0015
0.9985
H3 umpan masuk

48519.7484
 Rasio FAME : Glycerol
9.65217391

H larut dalam air

liserol (C3H8O3)
ult Dalton yaitu
maka dirancang
ult Dalton yaitu
 maka dirancang

menara distilasi
Entalphi penguapan T = 64 C T = #REF! C
337 K #REF! K
Komponen A Tc n HV (kj/mol) HV (kj/mol)
C14H28O2 127.600 756 0.439 0.0984762636 #REF!
C16H32O2 92.115 776 0.208 0.0818223104 0.092115
C18H32O2 133.937 775 0.399 0.1066638752 0.133937
C18H34O2 134.633 781 0.394 0.1077744725 0.134633
C18H34O2 131.712 799 0.417 0.1048139387 0.131712
CH3OH 52.723 512.56 0.377 0.0352026047 0.052723
H2 O 52.053 647.13 0.386 0.0391867216 0.052053

Entalphy vaporization
Komponen T1 K T2 K T3 K Dvap T1 Dvap T2 Dvap T3
C15H30O2 498.0 in 350 65.3 #VALUE! 79.8
C17H34O2 498.0 in 350 78.2 #VALUE! 93.4
C19H34O2 498.0 in 351 77.7 #VALUE! 88.895
C19H36O2 498.0 in 293 77.2 #VALUE! 84.39
C19H38O2 498.0 in 350 75.4 #VALUE! 98

Tabel 7. Data Panas Reaksi (ΔHfo) dan Kapasitas Panas (Cp)

Cp = A+BT+CT2+DT3+E/T2
Komponen
A B C D E
C14H28O2 151.1 -0.11 8.00E-05 6.00E-09
C16H32O2 168.8 -0.13 9.00E-05 6.00E-09
C18H32O2 183.75 -0.14 1.00E-04 7.00E-09
C18H34O2 185 -0.14 1.00E-04 7.00E-09
C18H34O2 186.26 -0.14 1.00E-04 7.00E-09
CH3OH 40.152 3.10E-01 -1.03E-03 1.46E-06
C15H30O2 1.816 -1.46E-03 7.00E-06
C17H34O2 1.816 -1.46E-03 7.00E-06
C19H34O2 1.915 -2.00E-03 8.00E-06
C19H36O2 1.915 -2.00E-03 8.00E-06
C19H38O2 1.816 -1.46E-03 7.00E-06
C3 H 8 O 3 40 0.3105 -1.03E-03 1.46E-06
H2 O 92.053 -0.04 -0.000211036 5.35E-07
Suhu masuk (T) ꓿ 81.453 °C ꓿ 354.45 K
Suhu referensi ꓿ 25 °C ꓿ 298 K
 Input CpdT Q input
Komponen
(kgmol/jam) (Kj/kgmol) (Kj/jam)
C14H28O2 Err:509 -6997.972 Err:509
C16H32O2 Err:509 -7689.096 Err:509
C18H32O2 Err:509 -8411.113 Err:509
C18H34O2 Err:509 -8481.679 Err:509
C18H36O2 Err:509 -8552.811 Err:509
CH3OH Err:509 -4668.668 Err:509
C15H32O2 Err:509 -117.755 Err:509
C17H34O2 Err:509 -117.755 Err:509
C19H34O2 Err:509 -119.459 Err:509
C19H36O2 Err:509 -119.459 Err:509
C19H38O2 Err:509 -117.755 Err:509
C3 H 8 O 3 Err:509 -4660.824 Err:509
H2O Err:509 -4245.409 Err:509
TOTAL Err:509 -54299.75 Err:509

Suhu masuk (T) ꓿ 55 °C ꓿ 328 K

Suhu referensi ꓿ 25 °C ꓿ 298 K

Input CpdT
Komponen
(kgmol/jam) (Kj/kgmol)
C14H28O2 Err:509 3740.938
C16H32O2 Err:509 4113.551
C18H32O2 Err:509 4498.486
C18H34O2 Err:509 4535.986
C18H36O2 Err:509 4573.786
CH3OH Err:509 2438.863
C15H32O2 Err:509 61.341
C17H34O2 Err:509 61.341
C19H34O2 Err:509 62.201
C19H36O2 Err:509 62.201
C19H38O2 Err:509 61.341
C3 H 8 O 3 Err:509 2434.679
H2O Err:509 2258.558
TOTAL Err:509 28903.27
Diameter luar pipa , OD = 2.0 in = 2.5 in = 3.0 in = 4.0 in
Diameter dalam pipa, ID = 1.25 in = 1.25 in = 2 in = 3 in

Dari Tabel 11 Kern,D,Q, 1983 halaman 844, dipil

Annulus Annulus Annulus Annulus
NPS 2.0 in 1.25 in 2.5 in 1.25 in
SCH 40 40 40 40
Outside diameter (OD) 2.38 in 1.66 in 2.88 in 1.66 in
Inside diamter (ID) 2.067 in 1.38 in 2.469 in 1.38 in
Flow area (ao) 3.35 in2 1.5 in2 4.79 in2 1.5 in2
Inside surface area (Ao) 0.542 ft2/ft 0.362 ft2/ft 0.753 ft2/ft 0.362 ft2/ft
Outside surface area (Ao) 0.622 ft2/ft 0.435 ft2/ft 0.647 ft2/ft 0.435 ft2/ft

Annulus Annulus Annulus Annulus

NPS 3.0 in 2 in 4.0 in 3 in
SCH 40 40 40 40
Outside diameter (OD) 3.5 in 2.38 in 4.5 in 3.5 in
Inside diamter (ID) 3.068 in 2.067 in 4.026 in 3.068 in
Flow area (ao) 7.38 in2 3.35 in2 12.7 in2 7.38 in2
Inside surface area (Ao) 0.804 ft2/ft 0.542 ft2/ft 1.055 ft2/ft 0.804 ft2/ft
Outside surface area (Ao) 0.917 ft2/ft 0.622 ft2/ft 1.178 ft2/ft 0.917 ft2/ft

Komponen A Tc n hvap
metanol 52.723 512.58 0.377 34.4978829337
air 52.053 647.13 0.321 40.7111220205

Tdew = 337.91 K = 64.911 C

T = 354.45 K = 81.453 C
T = 346.18 K
 CONDENSOR 01 (CL-01)

Fungsi : Mendinginkan Metanol (CH3OH) umpan masuk Reaktor (R-01) dari suhu
66,7ºC menjadi 55ºC dengan laju 26173,982 kg/jam menggunakan media
pendingin air 30ºC.

Jenis : Shell and Tube Pipe Heat Exchanger

Gambar 5. condensor 1
1. Beban Panas
Neraca panas beban :
Q umpan + Q panas + Qv = Q keluar

Menentukan beban panas penguapan:

Qv = ∑ni Hvapi

Tavg = 346.18 K
Tabel 1. Panas Penguapan
Cpi. dT ni. Cpi. dT
Komponen kg/jam kmol/jam
kJ/kmol kJ/jam
Metanol CH3OH 775.861 24.246 34497.883 836424.335
Air H2O 1.166 0.065 40711.122 2636.137
TOTAL 777.027 24.310 75209.005 839060.47

Panas masuk dibawa umpan :

Tmasuk = 81.453 ºC = 354.45 K = 178.62 ºF
Tref = 25 ºC = 298 K = 77 ºF

Tabel 2. Panas umpan masuk

Cpi. dT ni. Cpi. dT
Komponen kg/jam kmol/jam
kJ/kmol kJ/jam
Metanol CH3OH 775.861 24.246 4245.409 102932.797
Air H2O 1.166 0.065 54299.755 3516.031
TOTAL 777.027 24.310 58545.164 106448.83
Panas keluar :
Tmasuk = 55 ºC = 328 K = 131 ºF
Tref = 25 ºC = 298 K = 77 ºF

Tabel 3. Panas keluar umpan

Cpi. dT ni. Cpi. dT
Komponen kg/jam kmol/jam
kJ/kmol kJ/jam
Metanol CH3OH 775.861 24.246 2258.558 54760.252
Air H2O 1.166 0.065 28903.272 1871.552
TOTAL 777.027 24.310 31161.830 56631.804
Q pemanas = Q in+ Q out
= 106448.828 kJ/jam - 56631.804 kJ/jam - 839060.472 kJ/jam
= 888877.496 kJ/jam
= 842493.202 BTU/jam
 2. Media Pendingin
Sebagai media pendingin digunakan air dengan :
Suhu masuk (t1) = 30 ºC = 303 K = 86 ºF
Suhu keluar (t2) = 50 ºC = 323 K = 122 ºF
Suhu rerata = 40 ºC = 313 K = 104 ºF

Sifat fisis pada suhu rerata :

Cp air = 1 BTU/lbºF

µ air = 0.6653967 cP
= 0.0006654 kg/m.s
= 0.0004471 lb/ft.s
ρair = 995.606 kg/m3
= 62.137 lb/ft3

𝑚_𝑃𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑛=𝑄_𝑡/( 〖𝐶𝑝〗 _𝑎𝑖𝑟 〖 (𝑡 〗 _2 〖−𝑡〗 _1))

842493.2020 BTU/jam
mpendingin =
1 BTU/lbºF ( 104 - 86 )ºF
= 46805.178 lb/jam

3. Beda suhu rerata

a. Beda suhu LMTD

𝑇_1=66,7°𝐶 𝑇_2=55°𝐶

CONDENSOR-01

𝑡_2=50°𝐶 𝑡_(1 )=30°𝐶

Dihitung dengan persamaan :

𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷= ( 〖∆𝑇〗 _2− 〖∆𝑇〗 _1)/ln⁡( 〖∆𝑇〗 _2/(∆𝑇_1 ))

Dengan :
Fluida panas (K) Fluida dingin (K)
178.62 86
131 122
 ΔT1 = 178.62 ºF - 86 ºF = 92.62 ºF
ΔT2 = 131 ºF - 122 ºF = 9 ºF
Sehingga dapat dihitung LMTD :

9 ºF -92.62 ºF
LMTD =
9 ºF
ln( )
92.62 ºF
= 35.87 ºF

b. Faktor effektivitas
Dihitung dengan persamaan : Smith, R,Chemical Process Design and
Integration. Ed 2, Mc Graw Hill, New York,(2001), Appendix D
When R ≠ 1 :

𝐹_𝑇=(√(𝑅^2+1) ln⁡((1−𝑃)/(1−𝑅𝑃)))/((𝑅−1) ln⁡(((2−𝑃(𝑅+1−√(𝑅^2+1))))/((2−𝑃(𝑅

When R = 1 :
𝐹_𝑇=(((1−𝑃)/(1−𝑅𝑃)))/ln⁡(((2−𝑃(2−√2)))/((2−𝑃(2+√2))))

dengan hubungan :

𝑃=(𝑡_2 〖−𝑡〗 _1)/(𝑇_2 〖−𝑡〗 _1 )

𝑅=(𝑇_1 〖−𝑇〗 _2)/(𝑡_2 〖−𝑡〗 _1 )

T1 : Suhu fluida panas masuk (K) = 81.453 ºC = 354.45 K = 178.62 ºF

T2 : Suhu fluida panas keluar (K) = 55 ºC = 328 K = 131 ºF
t1 : Suhu fluida dingin masuk (K) = 30 ºC = 303 K = 86 ºF
t2 : Suhu fluida dingin keluar (K) = 50 ºC = 323 K = 122 ºF

354.45 - 328.00
R =
323.00 - 303.00
= 0.02
323.00 - 303.00
P =
328.00 - 303.00
= 0.2864
 Dimasukan dalam persamaan diperoleh FT 0,85

Gambar 2. Grafik hubungan antara R dan P

c. Beda suhu rerata

Δt = FT x LMTD
= 0.85 x 35.87 ºF
= 30.4875 ºF

4. Koefisien perpindahan panas

Berdasarkan Kern, Process Heat Transfer, McGraw Hill, halaman 848

Gambar 3. Tabel Overall Ud

Hot fluid = Medium organic

Cold fluid = Water

BTU BTU
Range Ud = 50 - 125
jamft2F jamft2F
 BTU
Dipilih Ud = 80
jamft2F

Menentukan luas perpindahan panas :

𝐴=𝑄/(𝑈_𝑑 ∆_𝑡 )

A = Luas perpindahan kalor yang diperlukan (ft2)

Q = Beban panas (BTU/jam)
Ud = Koefisien perpindahan kalor gabungan (BTU/jam.ft2.F)
LMTD = Beda suhu rerata (F)

842493.2020 BTU/jam
A =
80 BTU/jam.ft2F 30.5 F
= 345.4252 ft2
= 32.091 m2
Luas perpindahan kalor > 10 m2, maka jenis alat penukar kalor yang sesuai
adalah shell and tube heat exchanger.

Panjang tabung standar , L = 6 ft, 8 ft, 10 ft, 12 ft, 16 ft, 24ft

(Towler dan Sinnot, Chemical Engineering Design Princples, Mc Graw Hill New
York, 2008).
Dipilih L 0.3048 m
= 12 ft x
1 ft
= 3.6576 m

5. Route fluida
Tube side : Hot Fluid
Shell side : Cold

Dari kern D.Q, "Process Heat Transfer, table 10, halaman 843", dipilih spesifikasi :
Tabung, Tub side (table-10 Kern, D.Q., 1983)

Dipilih :
Diameter luar pipa , OD = 0.750 in = 0.019 m = 0.063 ft
Diameter dalam pipa, ID = 0.482 in = 0.012 m = 0.040 ft
BWG = 10
Flow area ao = 0.182 in2
Panjang tube L = 12 ft = 3.658 m
 A0 (Luas Permukaan) = π x OD
= π x 0.063 ft2/ft
= 0.1963 ft2/ft

Banyaknya tube :
𝑁_𝑡=𝐴/(𝐴_0 𝐿)

345.4252 ft2
=
0.1963 ft2 12 ft
ft
= 146.6774 buah

Dipilih dari Kern D.Q, "Process Heat Transfer, table 9, halaman 842"

Selongsong , Shell side (table-9 Kern, D.Q.,1983)

Dipilih spesifikasi shell adalah :
Inside diameter shell (IDS) = 15.25 in = 0.387 m = 1.271 ft
 Jumlah tabung (nt) = 160
Passes tabung (np) = 2

Selongsong , Shell side (table-9 Kern, D.Q.,1983)

Dipilih spesifikasi shell adalah :
Inside diameter shell (IDS) = 15.25 in = 0.387 m = 1.271 ft
Jumlah tabung (nt) = 160
Passes tabung (np) = 2

𝐴𝑡=(𝜋 . 𝐼𝐷𝑡^2)/4
Susunan : 3/4 in pada 15/16 in Triangular Pitch
Pitch = 0.9375 in = 0.024 m = 0.078 ft
Diameter ekivalen = 0.55 in = 0.014 m = 0.046 ft
(Figure 28, Kern, D.Q).
Menentukan luas perpindahan panas standar :
A = nt x A 0 x L
ft2
= 160 x 0.1963 x 12 ft
ft
= 376.8 ft2 = 35.007 m2

𝑈_𝑑=𝑄_𝑡/(𝐴 𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷)

842493.202 BTU/jam
=
376.800 ft2 x 35.9 K
BTU
= 62.3379
jam.ft2F

7. Koefisien hi, hio, ho

Suhu rerata (Tav)
Suhu masuk, t1 = 81.45 ºC = 354.45 K = 178.62 ºF
Suhu keluar, t2 = 55.00 ºC = 328 K = 131 ºF
 t1 + t2
Tav =
2
354.45 K+ 328 K
=
2
= 341.23 K

Sifat fisis komponen cold fluid :

Viskositas hot fluid pada suhu 333,8 K
μ
Komponen kg/jam Xi Xi . μ
cp
Metanol CH3OH 775.861 0.99850 0.328 0.328
Air H2O 1.166 0.00150 0.414 0.001
TOTAL 777.027 1 0.329

μ = 0.329 cp
= 0.0003285 kg
ms
= 0.7948851 lb
jam ft

Konduktivitas termal
Komponen kg/jam Xi kth Xi . Kth

Metanol CH3OH 775.861 0.9985 0.1877 0.1874

Air H2O 1.166 0.0015 0.6530 0.0010
T OTAL 777.027 1 0.8407 0.1884

Konduktivitas termal pada suhu 333,9 K = 0.1884 W

mK
= 0.0002 kJ
smK

Rapat massa
ρ
Komponen kg/jam Xi Xi . ρ
kg/m3
Metanol CH3OH 775.861 0.9985 745.7620 744.6434
Air H2O 1.166 0.0015 987.0850 1.4806
T OTAL 777.027 1 1732.847 746.124
 Densitas pada suhu 333,9 K = 746.124 kg
m3
= 46.567 lb
ft3

Tube side, Cold fluid

a. Flow area
𝐴𝑡=(𝜋 . 𝐼𝐷𝑡^2)/4

3,14 x ( 0.482 in x 1 ft/12 in)2

=
4
= 0.00127 ft 2

b. Luas per pipa (at)

𝑎𝑡=(𝑛𝑡 . 𝐴𝑡)/𝑛𝑝

160 x 0.0013 ft2

=
2
= 0.1013 ft2

c. Laju alir massa fluida dingin

G𝑎_𝑡=(𝑊𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑑 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑)/𝐴𝑡

46805.178 lb/jam
=
0.1013 ft2
= 461958.19 lb
jam . ft2

d. Kecepatan linier umpan

𝑣_𝑙𝑖𝑛=𝐺_𝑡/(𝜌 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑛)

lb 1 jam
461958.19104 x
jam . ft2 3600 s
=
62.137 lb
ft3
= 2.0651 ft/s
e. Reynold number
𝑅𝑒𝑡=(𝐼𝐷 𝑥 𝐺𝑡)/(𝜇 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑑 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑)

0.0402 ft x 461958.19104 lb/jam.ft2

=
1.6096108 lb/jam.ft
= 11527.831

e. Koefisien perpindahan kalor

Dihitung dengan persamaan :
ℎ𝑖=𝑗𝐻(𝑘𝑡ℎ/𝐼𝐷) ((𝐶𝑝 . 𝜇)/𝑘𝑡ℎ)^(1/3)

Jh = 44
0.3729 BTU/ft.jam.F 0.2388 BTU/lbm.F 1.6096 lb/ftjam
ho = 44 ( )( )
0.040 ft 0.3729 BTU/ft.jam.F
BTU
hi = 412.64
jamft2F

ℎ𝑖𝑜=ℎ𝑖 𝑥 𝐼𝐷𝑡/𝑂𝐷𝑡
 BTU 0.4820 in
hio = 412.64 x
jamft F
2
0.7500 in
BTU
hio = 265.19
jamft2F

Shell side, Hot Fluid

a. Jarak buffle (B)
𝐵=𝐼𝐷𝑠

= 15.250 in
= 15.250 in = 1.271 ft

b. Clearance (C')
Pitch - OD = 0.938 in - 0.750 in
= 0.188 in
= 0.0156 ft
c. Flow area
𝐴𝑠=(𝐼𝐷𝑠 . 𝐶′ . 𝐵)/𝑃𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ

1.2708 ft x 0.0156 ft x 1.2708 ft

=
0.0781 ft
= 0.3233 ft2

d. Kecepatan massa umpan

WHot fluid = 777.027 kg/jam
= 1713.03 lb/jam
𝐺𝑠=(𝑊 ℎ𝑜𝑡 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑)/𝐴𝑠

1713.03 lb/jam
=
0.3233 ft2
= 5299.0336 lb/jam.ft2

e. Reynold Number
Sifat fisis dievaluasi pada suhu Tav, didapatkan :

〖𝐶𝑝〗 _(𝑎𝑡𝑎−𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑎)=𝑄_𝑡/(𝑚(𝑡_1 〖−𝑡〗 _2))

842493.202 BTU/jam
=
1713.03 lb/jam (178.62 - 131.00 ) F
 = 10.329 BTU/lb F

kth = 0.1884 Kj
msK
= 0.1102 BTU
jam ft F
μ = 0.7949 lb
jam ft

Reynold number
𝑅𝑒𝑠=(𝐷𝑒 𝑥 𝐺𝑠)/(𝜇 ℎ𝑜𝑡 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑)

0.046 ft x 5299.0336106 lb/jam.ft2

=
0.7948851 lb/jam.ft
= 305.544

f. Bilangan Prandtl

𝑃𝑟=(𝐶𝑝 ℎ𝑜𝑡 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑 𝑥 μ ℎ𝑜𝑡 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑)/(𝑘𝑡ℎ ℎ𝑜𝑡 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑)

= 10.329 BTU/lb F x 0.7949 lb/jam ft

0.110 BTU/ft F jam
= ###
 g. Koefiesien perpindahan kalor

jH = 11
Dihitung dengan persamaan :

ℎ𝑜=𝑗𝐻 (𝑘𝑡ℎ/(𝐷𝑒 )) ((𝐶𝑝 . 𝜇)/𝑘𝑡ℎ)^(1/3)

0.1102 BTU/ft.jam.F 10.329 BTU/lbm.F 0.7949 lb/ftjam

ho = 11 ( )( )
0.046 ft 0.1102 BTU/ft.jam.F
BTU
= 111.29
jamft2F

8. Clean Overall Coeffcient

𝑈_𝑐=(ℎ_𝑖𝑜 𝑥 ℎ_𝑜)/(ℎ_𝑖𝑜+ℎ_𝑜 )

265.19 BTU/jamft2F x 111.29 BTU/jamft2F

=
265.19 BTU/jamft2F x 111.29 BTU/jamft2F
= 78.391 BTU/jamft2F
9. Faktor Pengotoran (Rd)
𝑅𝑑=1/𝑈𝑑−1/𝑈𝑐

1 - 1
=
62.338 BTU 78.391 BTU
jamft2F jamft2F
= 0.00329 jamft2F
BTU
Kern, halaman 845 Tabel 12.

Untuk organik = 0.001

 Air = 0.002
jam ft2ºF
Rd min total = 0.003
BTU
jam ft2ºF
Maka Rd min = 0.003
BTU

Syarat HE dapat digunakan adalah nilai Uc>Ud dan nilai Rd>Rd min, berdasarkan
perhitungan, shell and tube heat exchanger yang dirancang memenuhi persyaratan.

10. Pressure Drop

Tube, Cold fluid
Faktor friksi (f)
f = 0.00027
ɸ = 1
Dihitung dengan persamaan 7.45 Kern

〖∆𝑃〗 _𝑡=(𝑓 〖𝐺𝑡〗 ^(2 ) 𝐿 𝑛 )/(5,22 𝑥 10^10 𝐼𝐷 𝑠 𝜙)

(Kern,D.Q., e1. 7.45).
0.00027 x ( 461958.1910 ) x 12 x 2
2
=
5.22E+10 x 0.0402 x 0.7461
= 0.8840 psi

〖∆𝑃〗 _𝑟=4𝑛/𝑠 𝑉^(2 )/2𝑔′

V2 2.0651 ft/s (Kern,D.Q., eq.7.46).

= = 0.0662
2g' 2 x 32.2 ft2/s
4x 2
ΔPr = x 0.0662
0.7461
ΔPr = 0.7101 psi

ΔPT = ΔPt + ΔPr

= 0.8840 psi + 0.7101 psi
= 1.5940 psi

Dari Kern, pressure drop :

ΔPt max cair = 10 psi
ΔPt diijinkan maksimal adalah 10 psi. Maka ΔPp dapat diterima.
Shell, Hot fluid

〖 Δ𝑃 〗 _𝑠=(𝑓 (𝑁+1)𝐺𝑠^(2 ) 𝐼𝐷𝑠 )/(5,22 𝑥 10^10 𝐷𝑒^′ 𝑠 𝜙)

(Kern,D.Q., halaman 148).

Jumlah Baffle (N + 1) = L/B

12
N+1 =
1.271
= 9
Faktor friksi (f)
f = 0.00025
ɸ = 1 (Kern,D.Q., figure 29).

〖 Δ𝑃 〗 _𝑠=(𝑓 (𝑁+1)𝐺𝑠^(2 ) 𝐼𝐷𝑠 )/(5,22 𝑥 10^10 𝐷𝑒^′ 𝑠 ɸ)

= 0.00025 x 9 x ( 5299.0336 )2 x 1.2708

5.22E+10 x 0.0458 x 0.9956
= 0.00004 psi

Dari Kern, pressure drop :

ΔPs max cair = 10 psi
ΔPs diijinkan maksimal adalah 10 psi. Maka ΔPp dapat diterima.
Shell Tube satuan
1500 ho hio BTU/jamft2F
Uc 78.391 BTU/jamft2F
Ud 62.338 BTU/jamft2F
Rd 0.00329 jamft2F/BTU
Rdmin 0.00300 jamft2F/BTU
0.0000 DP 1.5940 psi
10 DP max 10 psi
 KESIMPULAN
Condensor 01 (CL-01)

Fungsi : Mendinginkan Metanol (CH3OH) umpan masuk Reaktor (R-01) dari suhu
66,7ºC menjadi 55ºC dengan laju 26191,760 kg/jam menggunakan media
pendingin air 30ºC.

Jenis : Shell and Tube Pipe Heat Exchanger

Bahan : Stainless steel
Beban panas : 842493.2020 BTU/jam
Luas trasnfer panas : 32.091 ft2
Kecepatan umpan masuk : 777.027 kg/jam
Keceptan pendingin : 46805.177888 lb/jam
Tube : ID : 0.4820 in
OD : 0.7500 in

Shell : ID : 15.25 in
Pitch : 0.9375 in
De : 0.55 in
Panjang pipa : 12 ft
Koefisien perpindahan panas :
ho : 111.28819 BTU
jamft2F
hio : 265.19 BTU
jamft2F
Uc : 78.391 BTU
jamft2F
Ud : 62.338 BTU
jamft2F
Rd terhitung : 0.00329 jamft2F
BTU
Rd minimum : 0.00300 jamft2F
BTU
Pressure drop Tube : 1.5940 atm
Pressure drop Shell : 0.0000 atm
^2+1))))/((2−𝑃(𝑅+1+√(𝑅^2+1))))) )
v