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Arithmetic Operators and Expression

Here is a C++ program that defines two floating-point variables, initializes them with values, and displays the sum and difference: #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { float num1 = 123.456; float num2 = 76.543; float sum = num1 + num2; float difference = num1 - num2; cout << "Sum: " << sum << endl; cout << "Difference: " << difference << endl; return 0; }

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Osama Al-Dhorafi
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30 views24 pages

Arithmetic Operators and Expression

Here is a C++ program that defines two floating-point variables, initializes them with values, and displays the sum and difference: #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { float num1 = 123.456; float num2 = 76.543; float sum = num1 + num2; float difference = num1 - num2; cout << "Sum: " << sum << endl; cout << "Difference: " << difference << endl; return 0; }

Uploaded by

Osama Al-Dhorafi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Arithmetic Operators

and Expression
Defining Variables

 A variable must be defined before you can use it in a


program.
 Syntax: type name1 ,name2 , ...;
 Example:
char c;
int i, counter;
double x, y, size;
Initialization Variables

 A variable can be initialized, a value can be assigned to the


variable, during its definition.
 An equals sign = and an initial value for the variable.
 Round brackets containing the value of the variable.

 Examples:
 char c = 'a';
 float x(1.875);
Constant Objects

 The const keyword is used to create a “read only” object.


 If the object type is constant, it cannot be modified and must be
initialized during its definition.
 Examples:
 const double pi = 3.1415947;
 The value of pi cannot be modified by the program.
 pi = pi + 2.0; // invalid
Arithmetic Operators and Expression

 Arithmetic operators are used to perform calculations.

 Arithmetic expression is using arithmetic operators and


numbers or operands.
The Binary Arithmetic Operators

 Binary operator: An operator that has two operands.


The Unary Arithmetic Operators

 Unary operator: An operator that has only one operand.


Sign Operators

 The sign operator – returns the value of the operand but inverts
the sign.
 Examples:
 int n = –5; cout << -n; // Output: 5
Increment / Decrement Operators

 The increment operator ++ modifies the operand by adding 1 to its value.


 Given that i is a variable, both i++ (postfix notation) and ++i (prefix
notation) raise the value of i by 1.
 The difference is:
 ++i i is incremented first and the new value of i is then applied.
 i++ the original value of i is applied before i is incremented.

 The decrement operator -- modifies the operand by reducing the value of


the operand by 1.
Simple Assignments

 A simple assignment uses the assignment operator = to assign


the value of a variable to an expression.

 Examples:
 z = 7.5;
 y = z;
 x = 2.0 + 4.2 * z;
Multiple Assignments

 Multiple assignments always evaluated from right to


left.
 Example: i = j = 9;
 The value 9 is first assigned to j and then to i.
Compound Assignments

 Compound assignment operators that simultaneously perform


an arithmetic operation and an assignment.
 Examples:
i += 3; is equivalent to i = i + 3;
i *= j + 2; is equivalent to i = i * (j+2);
 Compound assignment operators can be composed from any
binary arithmetic operator ( += , -= , *= , /= , %=)
Order of Precedence (Priority Rules)

 When more than one arithmetic operator is used in an


expression, uses the operator precedence rules to evaluate the
expression.
 *, /, % are at a higher level of precedence than: +, -
 The operations are performed from left to right.

 parentheses have priority.


 Example : 3*7-6+2*5/4+6
 (((3 * 7) – 6) + ((2 * 5) / 4 )) + 6 3*7
 = ((21 – 6) + ((2 * 5) / 4)) + 6 2*5
 = ((21 – 6) + (10 / 4)) + 6 10/4
 = ((21 – 6) + 2) + 6 21-6
 = (15 + 2) + 6 15+2
 = 17 + 6 17+6
 = 23
 3+4*5
 *is evaluated before +.
 The result of this expression is 23.
 (3 + 4) * 5
 + is evaluated before * and
 The result of this expression is 35.
Exercise

 Write a C++ program that two defines variables for floating-point


numbers and initializes them with the values
 123.456 and 76.543
 Then display the sum and the difference of these two numbers
on screen.
Special Characters

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