COLEGIO DE SAN FRANCISCO JAVIER OF

RIZAL, ZAMBOANGA DDEL NORTE, INC.

Rizal, Zamboanga del Norte
COLLEGE OF SOCIAL WORK AND DEVELOPMENT STUDIES

IN THE MODERN WORLD

ALTHEA D. ONDAC
Subject Teacher

|MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD

 ABOUT THE AUTHOR

ALTHEA D. ONDAC, a licensed professional teacher and currently a faculty of Colegio De San Francisco Javier
of Rizal Incorporated in Junior High school Department in Rizal, Zamboanga del Norte. She is also a part-time College
instructor at the College of Social Work and Development Studies in this institution. She obtained her Bachelor of Secondary
Education major in Mathematics, year 2019 at Jose Rizal Memorial State University, Main Campus, Dapitan City. She was
a former President of Euclidean Circle, the official Mathematics Club in the said institution.

2|MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD

 MODULAR ONLINE CLASSROOM POLICIES

The following are guidelines for online behavior and interaction “netiquette” for the conduct of classes
for the School Year 2020-2021:

I. GENERAL GUIDELINES
When enrolled under the online courses, the following policies must be observed:
1. Punctuality must be observed online classes especially when there is an online class
conducted.
2. Address your instructor to its proper title (i.e Dr. Juan Dela Cruz) or if you are in doubt
you may use Mr. or Ms.
3. Respect your instructor and classmate in email or any other communication.
4. All higher education communication must observe proper grammar and correct
spelling including forums and discussions.
5. Avoid slang terms such as “wassup?” and texting abbreviations such as “u” instead of “you”
6. Limit and possibly avoid the usage of emojis.
7. Use standard fonts such as Arial, Calibri, or Times new Roman and use proper font sizes 11
or 12\
8. Refrain from using the caps lock feature as it can be interpreted as yelling.
9. Be cautious when using humor or sarcasm as a tone is sometimes taken seriously or
sound offensive.
10. Be vigilant with personal information (both yours and other).
11. Intellectual Property Rights must be observed, thus usage of contents materials and
media without the proper citation of the owner is strictly prohibited.
II. SECURITY & PRIVACY
1. Do not disclose any confidential information such as passwords, class codes, or
learning materials to other.
2. Change your password regularly to avoid compromising of your account.
3. Remember to log out your account at the end of each online class session.
III. EMAIL NETIQUETTE
1. Use a descriptive subject line, it must convey the entire content of the email.
2. Be brief in composing your email.
3. Sign your email with your full name and a return email address.
4. Review your message prior to sending especially the email address.
IV. LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION

When passing on the Discussion Board of the Google Classroom you should:
1. Use clear and concise language.
2. Compose post that are relevant to the topic and within the scope of the course material.
3. Review your post prior to publishing and edit if when deemed necessary.
4. Read the entire conversation or thread prior to commenting or replying.
5. Be brief and as possible while still making a throughout comment.
6. Avoid generic replies such as “ok”, “I agree” etc., there should be a supporting
statement right after.
7. In an events of disagreement with someone in the classroom, you should express
your differing opinion in a respectful manner.
8. Refrain from making personal or insulting remarks.
V. GUIDELINES FOR COURSE OUTPUTS
a. Documentary Documents
1. The size of the document must be 8.5” by 13”
2. The default orientation of the document is Portrait, is shall only be Landscape if specified
in the instructions)
3. The margins of the document must be set to default (1”- Top, 1” – Bottom, 1” – Right)
4. The font face must be Arial, FONT SIZE 12.
5. Spacing throughout the document must be set to 1.5
6. The document must bear the name of the owner and must follow the format.
(LASTNAME, FIRST NAME, MIDDLE INITIAL) to the left, and must bear the date to the right
bearing format (i.e. December 25, 2020)
7. In the events that the document is group output, it shall follow the guidelines in #7 but
must be sorted alphabetically.
8. The document must bear a page number at the bottom right (i.e. Page 1)
9. Citations must be observed throughout the document (i.e. superscripts) to avoid
plagiarisms and shall follow the APA format.
10. A “Reference(s)” section must be added at the end of the document as appendices bearing
all the citations of references.
11. All submissions must be channeled through the Learning Management System UTILIZED
AND MUST BE THE Portable Document Format (pdf)
 COURSE REQUIREMENTS

In order to pass this course, a student must be able to obtain the rating of at least 80% and must comply
all the academic prescribed.

 Attendance and Online/Remote Class Activity Participation

 Major Examinations
 He had been able to accomplish required output
 Performance Tasks (T/L Activities)
 Problem-Based Learning/Project Based Learning

COURSE EXPECTATIONS

Student of these course is expected to:

 Observe the governing academic rules and policies of Colegio De San Francisco Javier of
Rizal Incorporated as stipulated on the Student Handbook.
 Be oriented with the basic skills and knowledge
 Punctuality to attend the online classes
 Regularly check and be up to date with the latest information and announcements in the
Learning Management System utilized of this course.
 Actively participate in discussion forums and observe proper language of communication in
a respectful manner.
 Acknowledge original content material owners to avoid any violations of the Intellectual
Property Rights.
 Comply all the academic requirement of the course in a neat and presentable manner.
 Actively share insights to improve rubrics for each requirement.
 Exhibit the values and characteristics of a Javerian.

GRADING SYSTEM
Attendance in Google Classroom Meetings - 10%
Interactive Participation during Google Meetings - 20%
Outputs on Work-Based Learning - 40%
Performances - 30 %
TOTAL 100 %
 TABLE OF CONTENT

COVER PAGE

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

MODULAR ONLINE CLASSROOM POLICIES

COURSE REQUIREMENTS

COURSE EXPECTTATIONS

OBJECTIVE

CONTENT
 INTRODUCTION

 CONTENT DISCUSSION

 ASSESSMENT

 RUBRICS

 VIDEO WATCHING

 REFERENCE
COLEGIO DE SAN FRANCISCO JAVIER OF RIZAL,
ZAMBOANGA DEL NORTE, INC.
MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD

I. THE NATURE OF MATHEMATICS

Module 1 PATTERNS AND NUMBERS IN NATURE AND THE WORLD
The Fibonacci Sequence
Mathematics for our World

OBJECTIVES

 At the end of this module, the student would be able to:

1. Identify patterns in nature and regularities in the world.

2. Argue about the nature of mathematics what it is, how it is expressed, represented, and used.
3. Articulate the importance of mathematics in one’s life.
4. Express appreciation for mathematics as a human endeavor.

INTRODUCTION

The emergence of digital technology has sparked a monumental rise in the rate at which we consume and
produce data. Before the Internet, it could take hours to get several volumes of resources from the library for a research
paper. Today, a few minutes (or seconds, depending on the speed of your connection) using your mobile device’s
browser could get you the same information, or even more. A few decades ago, it took hours for photographs to be
printed and shared. Now, it only takes a matter of seconds for your perfect selfie to be uploaded and viewed by your
relatives and friends on the other side of the world.
In this fast-paced society, how often have you stopped to appreciate the beauty of the things around you? Have
you ever paused and pondered about the underlying principles that govern the universe? How about contemplating about
the processes and mechanisms that make our lives easier, if not more comfortable? Most people do the same routine
tasks every day and the fundamental concepts that make these activities possible are often overlooked.
As rational creatures, we tend to identify and follow patterns, whether consciously or subconsciously. Recognizing
patterns feels natural, like our brain is hardwired to recognize them. Early humans recognized the repeating interval of day
and night, the cycle of the moon, the rising and falling of tides, and the changing of seasons. Awareness of these patterns
allowed human to survive. In a similar fashion, many flora and fauna also follow certain patterns such as the arrangement
of leaves and stems in a plant, the shape of a snowflake, the flower’s petals, or even the shape of a snail’s shell.
Do you also notice patterns around you? What other examples can you think of?
In this chapter, we will be looking at patterns and regularities in the world, and how mathematics comes into play,
both in nature and in human endeavors.

CONTENT DISCUSSION

Patterns and Numbers in Nature and the World

In general sense of the word, patterns are regular, repeated, or recurring forms or designs. We see patterns
every day – from the layout of floor tiles, designs of skyscrapers, to the way we tie our shoelaces. Studying patters help
students in identifying relationships and finding logical connections to form generalizations and make predictions.
Let us take a look at this pattern:

What do you think will be the next face in the sequence? It should be easy enough to note that the pattern is
made up of two smiling faces – one without teeth and one with teeth. Beginning with a toothless face, the two faces then
alternate.

Logically, the face that should follow is

 Example 1: What comes next?
What is the next figure in the pattern below?

Solution:
Looking at the given figures, the lines seem to rotate at 90-degree intervals in a counterclockwise direction,
always parallel to one side of the square. Hence, either A or B could be the answer. Checking the other patterns, the
length of the lines inside the square follow a decreasing trend. So again, either A or B could be the answer. Finally,
looking at the number of the lines inside the box, each succeeding figure has the number of lines increase by 1. This
means that the next figure should have five lines inside. This leads to option A as the correct choice.

Example 2:
What number comes next?
What number comes next in 1, 3, 5, 6, 9, ?

Solution:
Looking at the given number, the sequence is increasing, with each term being two more than the previous term:
3 = 1 + 2, 5 = 3 + 2; 7 = 5 + 2; 9 = 7 + 2. Therefore, the next term should be 11 = 9 + 2.

CHECK YOUR PROGRESS

Activity 1: ANSWER ME!

I. What is the next figure in the given pattern?

?
___________

a.

b.

II. Determine what comes next in the given patterns.

1. A, C, E, G, I,
2. 15 10 14 10 13 10
3. 3 6 12 24 48 96
4. 27 30 33 36 39
5. 41 39 37 35 33

Order of Rotation
A figure has rotational symmetry of order n (n-fold rotational symmetry) if 1/n of a compete turn leaves the figure
unchanged. To compute for the angle of rotation, we use the following formula:

360°
𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 =
𝑛
Consider the images of a snowflake:
 https://www.brainpickings.org/2020/01/19/wilson-bentley-snowflakes/

It can be observed that the patterns on a snowflake repeat six times, indicating that there is a six – fold symmetry.
To determine the angle rotation, we simply divide 360° by 6 to get 60°. Many combinations and complex shapes of
snowflakes may occur, which lead some people think that “no two are alike”. If you look closely, however, many
snowflakes are not perfectly symmetric due to the effects of humidity and temperature on the ice crystal as it forms.

Patterns can be seen in fish patterns like spotted trunkfish, spotted puffer, blue spotted stingray, spotted moral
eel, coral grouper, redlion fish, yellow boxfish and angel fish. These animals and fish stripes and spots attest to
mathematical regularities in biological growth and form.

https://www.scribd.com/document/413135891/mathematics-in-the-modern-world

Tiger’s Stripes and Hyena’s Spots

Patterns are also exhibited in the external appearances of animals. We are familiar how a tiger looks – distinctive reddish-
orange fur and dark stripes. Hyenas, another predator from Africa, are also covered in patterns and spots. These
seemingly random designs are believed to be governed by mathematical equations. According to a theory by Alan Turing,
the man famous for breaking the Enigma code during World War II, chemical reactions and diffusion processes in cells
determine these growth patterns. More recent studies addressed the question of why some species grow vertical stripes
while others have horizontal ones. A new model by Harvard University researchers predicts that there are three variables
that could affect the orientation of these stripes – the substance that amplifies the density of stripe patterns; the substance
that changes one of the parameters involved in stripe formation; and the physical change in the direction of the origin of
the stripe.

Natural patterns like the intricate waves across the oceans; sand dunes on deserts; formation of typhoon; water
drop with ripple and others. These serves as clues to the rules that govern the follow of water, sand and air.
 Flower Petals
Flowers are easily considered as things as beauty. Their vibrant colors and fragrant odors make them very
appealing as gifts or decorations.
Flowers with five petals are said to be the most common. These include buttercup, columbine, and hibiscus.
Among those flowers with eight petals are clematis and delphinium, while ragwort and marigold thirteen. These numbers
are all Fibonacci numbers, which we will discuss in detail in the next section.

clover+leaf.html
A very curious pattern indeed occurs in the petals of flowers. In nearly all flowers, the number of petals is one of
the numbers that occur in the strange sequence 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34. For instance, lilies have 1 petal, Euphorbia has 2
petals. Trillium has 3 petals, Columbine has 5 petals, Bloodroot has 8 petals, Black-eyed Susan has 13 petals, Shasta
Daisy has 21 petals and Field Daisies have 34 petals.

You don't find any other numbers anything like as often. There is a definite pattern to those numbers, but one that
takes a little digging out: each number is obtained by adding the previous two numbers together. For example, 1 + 2 = 3,
2
+ 3 = 5 and so on. The same numbers can be found in the spiral patterns of seeds in the head of a sunflower. This
particular pattern was noticed many centuries ago and has been widely studied ever since, but a really satisfactory
explanation was not given until 1993.

The Sunflower

Looking at a sunflower up close, you will notice that there is defining pattern of clockwise and counterclockwise arcs or spirals
extending outward from the center of the flower. This is another demonstration of how nature works to optimize the available space.
This arrangement allows the sunflower seeds to occupy the flower head in a way that maximizes their access to light and
necessary nutrients.
CHECK YOUR PROGRESS

Activity 2: ANSWER ME!

I. Identify at least 3 pictures/drawing of nature’s pattern that you have observed around you and describe each
picture/drawing.

Word Population
As of 2017, it is estimated that the world population is about 7.6 billion. World leaders, sociologists and
anthropoligists are interested in studying population, including its growth. Mathematics can be used to model population
growth. Recall that the formula for exponential growth is 𝐴 = 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑡, where A is the size of the population after it grows, P is
the initial number of people, r is the rate of growth, and t is the time. Recall further that e is Euler’s constant with an
approximate calie of 2.718.. plugging in values to this formula would result in the population size after time t with a growth
rate of r.

Example 3: Population Growth

The exponential growth model 𝐴 = 30𝑒0.02𝑡 describes the population of a city in the Philippines in thousands, t years after
1995.
a. What was the population of the city in 1995?
b. What will be the population in 2017?

Solution:
a. Since our exponential growth model describes the population t year as after 1995, we consider 1995 as t = 0 ad
then solve for A, our population size.
A= 30𝑒0.02𝑡
A= 30𝑒(0.02)(0)  replace t with t = 0
A= 30𝑒0  𝑒0 is 1
A= 30(1)
A= 30
Therefore, the city population in 1995 was 30 000.

b. We need to find A for the year 2017. To find t, we subtract 2017 and 1995 to get t = 22, which we then plug in to
our exponential growth model.
A= 30𝑒0.02𝑡
A= 30𝑒(0.02)(22)  replace t with t = 22
A= 30𝑒44  𝑒44 = 1.55271
A= 30(1.55271)
A= 46.5813

CheckYOUR
CHECK your PROGRESS
Progress

Activity 3: ANSWER ME!

I. The exponential growth model A=50 e0.07 t descrive the population of a city in the Philippines in thousands, t
years after 1997.
a. What is the population after 20 years?
b. What is the population in 2037?

REFERENCES
Aufmann R. N, et al, Mathematics Excursions 14th Edition