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Content Discussion: Colegio de San Francisco Javier of Rizal, Zamboanga Del Norte, Inc

The document discusses the Fibonacci sequence, named after Leonardo Fibonacci. The Fibonacci sequence begins with 1, 1, and each subsequent number is the sum of the previous two. This pattern is found in aspects of nature like plant growth and spirals. Ratios of Fibonacci numbers approach the golden ratio of 1.618, considered aesthetically pleasing. The golden ratio is found in art and architecture like the Parthenon. Fibonacci numbers also appear in DNA structure.

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32 views

Content Discussion: Colegio de San Francisco Javier of Rizal, Zamboanga Del Norte, Inc

The document discusses the Fibonacci sequence, named after Leonardo Fibonacci. The Fibonacci sequence begins with 1, 1, and each subsequent number is the sum of the previous two. This pattern is found in aspects of nature like plant growth and spirals. Ratios of Fibonacci numbers approach the golden ratio of 1.618, considered aesthetically pleasing. The golden ratio is found in art and architecture like the Parthenon. Fibonacci numbers also appear in DNA structure.

Uploaded by

Althea Ondac
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COLEGIO DE SAN FRANCISCO JAVIER OF

RIZAL, ZAMBOANGA DEL NORTE, INC.


MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD

Module 2 I. THE NATURE OF MATHEMATICS


Patterns and Numbers in Nature and the World
THE FIBONACCI SEQUENCE
Mathematics for our World

CONTENT DISCUSSION

The Fibonacci Sequence

As we have seen in the previous section, the human mind is hardwired to recognize patterns. In mathematics, we
can generate patterns by performing one or several mathematical operations repeatedly. Suppose we choose the number
3 as the first number in our pattern. We then choose to add 5 to our first number, resulting in 8, which is our second
number. Repeating the process, we obtain 13, 18, 23, 28, … as the succeeding numbers that form our pattern. In
mathematics, we call these ordered lists of numbers a sequence.

Sequence
A sequence is an ordered list of numbers, called terms, that may have repeated values. The arrangement of
these terms is set by a definite rule.

Example 1: Generating a Sequence


Analyze the given sequence for its rule and identify the next three terms.
a. 1, 10, 100, 1000
b. 2, 5, 9, 14, 20

Solution:
a. Looking at the set of numbers, it can be observed that each term is a power of 10: 1 = 100, 10 = 101, 100 = 102
𝑎𝑛𝑑 1 000 = 103. Following this rule, the next three terms are: 104 = 10 000, 105 = 100 000, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 106 = 1 000 000.
b. The difference between the first and second terms (2 and 5) is 3. The difference between the second and third
terms (5 and 9) is 4. The difference between the third and fourth term (9 and 14) is 5. The difference between the
fourth and the fifth is 6. Following this rule, it can be deduced that to obtain the next three terms, we should add 7,
8, 9 respectively, to the current term. Hence the next three terms are 20 + 7 = 27, 27 + 8 = 35, 35 + 9 = 44.

CHECK
CheckYOUR PROGRESS
your Progress

I. Analyze the given sequence for its rule and identify the next three
terms.
a. 16, 32, 64, 128
b. 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8

The sequence in Check your Progress item B is a special sequence called the Fibonacci
Sequence. It is named after the Italian mathematician Leonardo of Pisa, who was better known by
his nickname Fibonacci. He is said to have discovered this sequence as he looked at how a
hypothesized group of rabbits bred and reproduced. The problem involved having a single pair of
rabbits and then finding out how many pairs of rabbits will be born in a year, with the assumption that a
new pair of rabbits beginning at two months after they were born. He noted that the set of numbers
generated from this problem could be extending by getting the sum of the two previous terms.
The succeeding terms in the sequence can be generated by adding the two numbers
that came before the term.

1|MATH IN THE MODERN WORLD


While the sequence is widely known as Fibonacci Sequence, this pattern is said to have been discovered much
earlier in India. According to some scholarly articles, Fibonaccy sequence is evident in the number of variations of a
particular catergory of Sanskrit ad Prakrit poetry meters, in poetry, meter refers to the rhythmic pattern of syllables.
Fibonacci sequence has many interesting properties. Aong these is that this pattern is very visible in nature.
Some of nature’s most beautiful patterns. Like the spiral arrangement of sunflower seeds, the number of petals in a flower,
and the shape of a snail’s shell – things that we looked at earlier in this chapter – all contain Fibonacci numbers. It is also
interesting to note that the ratios of successive Fibonacci numbers approach the number Φ (Phi), also known as the
Golden Ratio. This is approximately to 1.618.
1 13
= 1.0000 = 1.6250
1 8
21
2
= 2.0000 = 1.6154
1 13
34
3
= 1.5000 = 1.6190
2 21
55
5
= 1.6667 = 1.6177
3 34
89
8
= 1.600 = 1.6182
5 55

The Golden Ratio can also be expressed as the ratio between two numbers, if the latter is also the ratio between
the sum and the larger of the two numbers. Geometrically, it can also be visualized as a rectangle perfectly formed by a
square and another rectangle, which can be repeated infinitely inside each section.

Shapes and figures that bear this proportion are generally considered to be aesthetically pleasing. As such, this
ratio is visible in many works of art and architecture such as in the Mona Liza, Notre Dame Cathedral, and the Parthenon.
In fact, the human DNA molecule also contains Fibonacci numbers, being 34 angstroms long by 21 angstroms wide for
each full cycle of the double helix spiral.

Check your PROGRESS


Progress
CHECK YOUR

II. Let Fib(n) be the nth term of the Fibonacci sequence, with Fib (1) = 1, Fib (2) = 1, Fib (3)= 3, and so on.
1. Find Fib (8)
2. Find Fib (19)
3. If Fib (22) = 17, 711 and Fib (24) = 46, 368, what is Fib (23)?

III. Using the information above, evaluate the following sums:


a. Fib(1) + Fib(2) = ____
b. Fib(1) + Fib (2) + Fib(3) = ___
c. Fib(1) + Fib (2) + Fib(3) + Fib(4) = ___

REFERENCES

Aufmann R. N, et al, Mathematics Excursions 14th Edition

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