ES 21 Differential Equations

Solutions of First Order and First

Degree Differential Equations
Simultaneous Differential Equation

Objective: To solve systems of Differential Equation

Method: Systematic Elimination

Example:
dx dy
t  2t
dt dt x  0, when t0
dx dy y  3, when t0
t   x
dt dt

Objective: to find; Hint: Form a 2 variable equation if all

x  f t  the equations are of 3 variables.
Engr. V.C. Alfarero y  f t 
 Solutions of First Order and First
Degree Differential Equations
Simultaneous Differential Equation

Sample: Continuation
Sol. Method of Systematic Elimination

dx dy  dx dy 
t  2t Eq. a    dx dy
dt dt t
 dt dt x t t2 t   xt
  dt dt
 
t
dx

dy
 x =
Eq. b dx dy dx dy
dt dt t  2t t  2t
dt dt dt dt
To eliminate one variable;
Multiply Eq. b by t and add (+) Eq. a dx dx
t2    xt  2t
Engr. V.C. Alfarero dt dt
 Solutions of First Order and First
Degree Differential Equations
Simultaneous Differential Equation

Sample: Continuation
Sol.
dx tdt

t 2
1  dx  t ( 2  x ) 2  x  t 2
1 
dt
dx tdt

t 2

 1 dx  t ( 2  x ) dt  2  x  t 2
1 
Separating Variable; dx tdt

  x  2  t 2
1 
t 2

 1 dx  t ( 2  x ) dt  1
t 2

 1 (2  x) dx

 tdt
Engr. V.C. Alfarero ( x  2) (t 2  1)
 Solutions of First Order and First
Degree Differential Equations
Simultaneous Differential Equation

Sample: Continuation
Sol.
Integrating;  1 
 ln( x  2 )   ln( t 2
 1)  C  2
 2 
dx  1   2tdt
  x  2   2   t 2  1

  2 ln( x  2)   ln( t 2  1)  C1

ln( x  2 )  
1
ln( t  1)  C
2 ln( x  2) 2   ln( t 2  1)  C1
2
ln( x  2) 2  ln( t 2  1)  C1
Engr. V.C. Alfarero
 Solutions of First Order and First
Degree Differential Equations
Simultaneous Differential Equation

Sample: Continuation
Sol.


ln ( x  2) 2 (t 2  1)  C1  C2
( x  2) 
2

C2 (t 2  1)
e ln ( x  2 ) ( t 1)   eC
2 2
1

C2
( x  2) 2 
( x  2) (t  1)  C 2
2 2 (t 2  1)

( x  2) 2
(t 2  1)  C 2  1
x2
C2
(t  1)
2

Engr. V.C. Alfarero (t 2  1)

 Solutions of First Order and First
Degree Differential Equations
Simultaneous Differential Equation

Sample: Continuation
Sol.
C3 1
x  2  C 3 (t  1)
2 2
C2
x2
But;
(t 2  1)
x  0, when t0

C3 Substituting;
x2 1 1
(t  1)
2 2
0  2  C 3 (0  1)
2 2

1
0  2  C 3 (0  1) 2 2

Engr. V.C. Alfarero

 Solutions of First Order and First
Degree Differential Equations
Simultaneous Differential Equation

Sample: Continuation
Sol.
C3 Differentiating with respect to t;
0 2
1 dx d  1 
 2  2 (t  1) 2
2

C 3  2 dt dt  

So; dx 2 3
1 0 (t  1)
2 2
( 2t )
x  2  C 3 (t  1) 2 2
dt 2
1 dx 3
x  2  2(t  1)2 2
 ( 2t )( t  1)
2 2

Engr. V.C. Alfarero

dt
 Solutions of First Order and First
Degree Differential Equations
Simultaneous Differential Equation

Sample: Continuation
Sol. 
  1
3 dy
  2 t  t 2
 1 2
 t  2 t t
dx  dt 
Substituting to Eq. a
2 t 
dt 3 dy
2
1 2
 2
dt
dx dy
t  2t
dt dt  2 3 dy 
 2 ( t  1) 2
  2  dt
So;  dt 
3
3
( 2t )( t  1)2 2
t
dy
 2t 2(t  1)
2 2
dt  dy  2 dt
dt 3
Engr. V.C. Alfarero
dy  2 dt  2(t  1) 2 2
dt
 Solutions of First Order and First
Degree Differential Equations
Simultaneous Differential Equation

Sample: Continuation
Sol.
C  3
Integrating; So;

 dy  2 dt   (t  1)
2
3
2
2dt 
y  2t  2t t  1 2
 1
2
3
1
y  2t  2t (t  1)
2 2
C 2t
y  2t   3 Ans.
But; 1

y  3, when t0 (t 2  1) 2

Substituting; 2
x  2 Ans.

 3  20   20  0  1 
1
C
2 2 1
(t  1)
2 2
Engr. V.C. Alfarero
 Thank you!

Engr. V.C. Alfarero