Market Structure

Created @July 26, 2021 8:41 PM

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Market Structure Basics

When we identifying market structure on a price chart is a crucial part of actually
knowing what that pair is doing, what phase we are in, and to know when a pair
structure is shifting to a different direction.

So is a currency pair trending up, trending down? So are we putting in LLs, LHs,
HHs, HLs.

Are we ranging? So a range by market where we are staying within two price
points, not really moving up or down.

Is price impulsive, corrective? So we will know what a pair is doing by identifying

the structure.

Market Structure 1
 So as we just said, what we have here is an uptrending market. So an uptrending
market we will get HHs and HLs. So as we see we have a higher here, and price
pullback. Now as soon as we get price break above this high, it confirms this to be
the HL.

So all the time price is trading within this high, so below it we haven´t got a
confirmed HL until we break above.

So once we bos this is the most recent HL and thats HH, we pullback HL. We then
wait for a new higher which confirms the HL and then HH, HL, HH.

Market Structure 2
 Now the same is in a downtrending market but obviously its flipped so its the
opposite. So we will get a low, a pullback and this LH is not confirmed until price
breaks this low here. So we get a break below which confirms the LH, LL, pullback,
LL, confirming the LH, LH, LL, confirming the LH.

A HH is not confirmed until we get a bos of the most recent high, and the vice versa
for a downtrend.

Market Structure 3
 Now here we have EU, and lets look at this on the charts. So starting from here,
price is pulled back and we have broken, so we have made this low which we could
say kept going lower until here. This is when we actually got a pullback.

So this low, this whole leg down broke below here. So we can clearly see its broken
this low. So we have a LL, we then have a LH. So we can see price pulled back
which is tapped into an OB which would be more visible on a LTF.
So the low that we need to be broken is clearly here which we can see price pulled
down to here, this is one, continuation leg to the downside, then price pulls back but
this is not confirmed as a LH, but we can see what price done, is tried to come down,
but we failed to break below this LL, and instead we come up to test the LH.
We then pullback, but then we eventually we break it with this move, this impulsive
move that bos this LH.
So as the LH was broken and we didn´t get a LL, our bias has flipped from a bearish
market to now a bullish market, because we can see the LH is broken.
Price then pulled back and we get HH, which we can classify this as the highest
point. So we can see this is a new HH, because it broke above this highest point
here. We then pullback and make a HH.

This is now confirmed as the most recent HL.

Market Structure 4
 Now we have a HH, HL, price then pulls back, we consolidate for a good few days
here, we come up to test this high but we don´t break it until here.

So where we would classify the HL? Well technically the lowest point is here, so we
can mark this as a HL, bearing in mind we have areas here, that we can looks to be
getting long from, this is the HL, we then get a HH which the highest point is
surround here, so thats the most recent HL, HH, HL, HH. This is confirmed once we
got this impulsive move up that broke this high.

Now we could say that this we had is an impulsive move up that made the HH,
pulled back and then we made this HH.

Market Structure 5
 We came down to test it, we put pulled off and then we broke it, so essentially we
had a little bos, but this could be grabbing liquidity from people who are in longs on
this HL with stop losses, we didn´t quite tap into any sort of POI.

We just sort of pushed up from here, but the lowest point is here, and then we
actually do put in HH and a HL.
After a BOS we have HH and next we can confirm our HL, and to HL is the lowest
point always. So we have here again a HL and HH. Of course there are several bos
in LTF, but this is the overall how to mark bos.

Market Structure Mapping

Market Structure 6
 There is a few different variations of market structure breaks, that I want to cover.
Now its important that we choose one of the following market structure breaks as we
go to, and stick with it.

1. So the first type is going to be where price breaks structure with a candle body
closing below the candle body low, and not factoring the wicks.

2. The second type, which is what I personally use, and one that is the most
popular, is a candle body close below the candles wicks.

3. The third and final type is a candle wick close below the candle wicks. In my own
experience this type is the least realiable out of the three, as it does not really
show us any true break.

Market Structure 7
 So looking at some examples of bos, what we can on EU 1h, we had a bos here, we
had this higher, we had a little bit of a range, and then this candle broke structure,
and we got a wick, but we did close above and then we can see price pulled back
into a bullish OB, which is here, before we see some huge momentum to the upside.

Now as we broke above and closed above the structure, this would be for me a valid
sort of trade to be looking at as we come back into this 1h OB which we can refine
on a LTF.

But if we look at some of this examples here, we can see we had this bit of a
consolidation range, we pushed down ranged, we had a low, price come down
looking like it was gonna break this low, we wicked it and closed above, and then we
can see price then reversed to the upside.

So for for me this wick to downside is just grabbing some sell side liquidity from this
EQL, before they reverse price up to this highs here, as we can see we also get a
wick above this high, which is taking some more buy side liquidity, price then
reverses, we put in a new low, and then we pullback and then we have a huge wick.
So we at one point price was down here, and then we actually closed bullish, so we
pushed down below this low and then closed above it.

Market Structure 8
 If we look left we can also see that this wick tapped into a bullish OB, perfectly
mitigating before continuing. So this is why this is definitely not a valid bos for me
because, this is just generating liquidity, rebalancing this impulsive move here,
tapping into an a bullish OB that has yet to be mitigated before reversing price to the
upside.

Now other example on EU 1h, we was clearly putting in LLs and LHs all the way
down here.

Market Structure 9
 We can see at this point here we had price put in this LL and LH, because we can
see this is the LL that broke this low here. So then we can see that price impulsively
broke the structure to the upside.

Now for me this would be a valid bos, because we can see we had a candle body
that closed above the wicks of this LH.

So once we got this we can see, we left imbalance as well, we have a momentous
move showing us a change in market structure.

Market Structure 10
 We can then take the last down candle as our OB which we can then obviously
refine down to this candle here, because the momentum came in on the next candle
which broke structure.

So we can see after that we did get a good day or so off a range buy market, we did
bos again, so we have did bos here, price did come down quite impulsively into that
level, we did range, this is building some liquidity which is more seen on LTF. We
have EQL, price come in tapped into our OB which we can obviously refine on a LTF,
but this is what we can be looking at, and then we can see price reacted from this
OB, rebalance bit of price and then we can see the impulsive move to the upside
from here.

How does price break structure?

Now I wanna get into looking at how does price bos. So when we are looking at
structure breaks, its very important to note how it breaks that particular piece of
structure. So what I mean by this is, Ill be breaking structure and truly switching from
a bullish to bearish market or vice versa, bearish to bullish, or I will be breaking a
structural low, high, grabbing liquidity, tapping into an unmitigated AOI to then see
price continue with the overall trend whether that be bullish or bearish.
This is why its important that we take note of how price breaks, because it will give
us a really solid idea of what price is actually doing and where its likely to be
heading.

Market Structure 11
 So this first example I have drawn some diagrams here. So this is gonna be our 1h,
so we can see we have put it in HHs and HLs all the way up. Now this move down
broke the HL. So we have got breaking structure. So what we are gonna be
assuming on this example is this down move here is a calm and corrective bos.

Calm and corrective bos

Meaning there is not much momentum behind it, its just a bos with corrective and
low momentum candles.
So when we get this, we are gonna view this as a common corrective bos, meaning
its very likely that price is coming down to sweep liquidity and tap into an unmitigated
demand zone that was previously created, because once we was making this HHs
and HLs we are breaking structures to the upside which is creating demand levels
and OBs.
We may see something that is left behind and untested, unmitigated, imbalance left
behind as well. So this breaking structure could be grabbing liquidity from anyone
who is in the bias and trading stop losses at the lows. Because we know that there is
liquidity at every low and high in the market.
So this could be a bos taking liquidity, tapping into an OB which is unmitigated before
continuing with the overall bias, which is bullish.

Market Structure 12
 So this would be our 1h demand, the price tapped in.

Now what we can see from this on a LTF, this is 1m perspective. So this blue box
here is 1h OB. So the move that coming down that bos on 1h, will look like this on a
LTF, se we would be seeing LLs and LHs. As price taps in to the 1h demand, we can
look for where is the LL and the LH.
Well we have a LL here and this is the most recent LH, we can look for price to bos
that will create a bullish OB, which we can look to get long from.
Now with targets we can look for previous 1h highs, because the anticipation for us
is to still see bullish order flow. We have swept liquidity, so we wanna see price put in
new HHs.

Agressive bos

So we have the same thing than corrective one, HHs and HLs, this is now gonna be
an impulsive bos. So an agressive bos meaning we would see some large
momentum candles which would ultimately leave behind price imbalance.
So on this down move, once price bos we can classify this as the market shifting
from bullish to bearish, because we have seen large momentum. So the bos, once
we get that we form a supply zone and OB which we can look to get short from as
we can anticipate a pullback into that zone, and for future LLs and LHs to take place.
Bearish order flow.

Market Structure 13
 So once we get an impulsive bos this will be our supply zone, somewhere up here,
we may have areas below it which we can refine on a LTF, but for this example we
are gonna be saying this is where we wanna get short from.

So again we can look at the 1m perspective, this is what we could look to see as we
tap into the 1h supply. So prices forming HHs and HLs coming into it, we wanna see
a nice bos below the most recent HL, which will give us an OB, which we can look to
short from and the same goes for targets.
At a minimum as we have switched our bias from bullish to bearish, we wanna be
looking for price to put in 1h LLs and LHs, so this 1h low would be the most recent
low, we wanna see take out this low.

So this is a good place to target for a first target at a minimum.

Buy to sell approach

Market Structure 14
 So we shouldn´t be afraid of buying before the longer term sell, so what I mean by
this is lets say price bos to the downside, as we can see here, whether that was a
calm or agressive move that bos the structure.
We can still look to take longs from an area if there is an area there to long from. So
if we have a demand level which was untested then dependent on how the LTF
confirmation is showing us, as we come into this level, we can take long from here
where we can target a supply zone which was recently created from this bos to the
downside.
So we buy from here and target up there before a longer term sell, which we can
then expect for price to make new lows and then LLs, LHs from there.
Now this move from here as we can use the LTF to our advantage, we can obviously
get in with a very tight stop loss and this move from demand to supply zone could be
30pips, 20pips, 60pips, whatever.

We can still make some nice percentage in this move here, before we look to sell. So
we can buy to sell. Now the reason why this is also higher probability is because
once price comes into this level, we are essentially mitigating this move, taking

Market Structure 15
 liquidity from anyone who is in buyers or even trading some form of breakout in this
structure break, whatever the case maybe, liquidity is being taken.

So people are getting stopped out to then see price come in to a supply zone. So
basically it clears the way for liquidity and price can tap into a supply zone and then
we can shorten from here.
So this move now has been mitigated, this demand zone, we have seen a push off
so we can now classify this as a completed sort of move.

We have pushed off once price comes down. There is not much real reason why this
demand zone will hold again, because its been mitigated already from this move
here. So we can see price come down and take out lows.

An example of buy to sell or in this example is gonna be a sell to buy, we are gonna
talk about, when we bos we can sell and then we can look for a longer term buyer
from an untested area. So this is also a trade that I took.

So if we look the price we had this high and price come up, we see a bit of a range.
We did form EQH and this is the high that took some buy side liquidity. So once we
had this high, we had a HL here. So range, and this is the move that broke to a new
HH, this is the HL. We can then see price after sweeping buy side liquidity, we came
down to bos, and candle closed below so is a valid bos.

Market Structure 16
 This is also seen on a LTF, the 15m, 5m where we did it actually close below, but this
for me would be on the 1h, its a calm bos, as we have closed below, we can still look
to sell from this supply zone before a longer term buyer from this areas down here.

So once we bos, we have the last up move before the down move that bos, we can
then also refine it from this last up move to this candle here, because we can see
this candle has not engulfed the OB. So this is our supply zone and OB which we
can look to get short from.

Market Structure 17
 So as we came down, we did get some wicks which for me is just taking liquidity
from this HL prior to this one. So we can see we had this wick that come down, so
anyone who is in buys, who is holding from this uptrend, would likely have stop
losses at this low.

Sp we can see price come down to take that liquidity reversed and then reversed
again. So this happens every single day.

So here we can take a sell on a LTF, so once we tap in we move to LTF, looking for
reactions and bos which leaves imbalance. So once we tap in OB we need to look
left, we could look to see if we have any demand levels that have been unmitigated,
and left for a later date.

So lets have a look, so we had this HH, and a HL, price come up to form this EQH
and then we see some huge momentum that essentially broke this high here. So we
can mark it as bos, we wicked it but we can see this is a range, and then we expand

Market Structure 18
 it out quite momentously leaving behind imbalance. So for this example Im gonna
put on this demand level.

We do have an OB, so this is OB, but lets just mark on the actual range, from the
high end to the low, so as price come in we can note that we have seen some heavy
momentum coming into this level. So price has taken out this low, rebalance this
move that was made previously, but price is impulsive.

So what we could do on a LTF is we can wait for price to slow down, show us they
actually want us to respect this area and actually go long from here to potentially
back up to this highs.

But if we get another candle, something like this that just completely destroys this
demand level, then it hasn´t holded, so we can just classify it or we can just deny it
and just move on, and look for bearish sort of structure, and look to get short but the
next candle, Im not gonna go LTF and look at the entries but we see we wicked
below it, but we closed back up.

Now for me this is not invalidating the demand zone, because its about how it
breaks, is it breaking mementously or is it breaking correctively with wicks? And we
can see it is breaking with wicks.

Market Structure 19
 So on a LTF, firstly, when we get wicks, if we get a wick on a 1h, it will be an OB on a
LTF. So wicks just show us OB basically on LTF. So there is entries here on a LTF
like the 5m or the 1m which I won´t go into but we can see what happens next.
We do respect the demand zone and we do correct but then we can see we come up
to rebalance this candle here from wick to wick, we then break above it and we can
see then do come up to previous highs and back up to test this wick here, which we
know as an OB on a LTF.

Market Structure 20
 And thats where price then reverses again. So we can see this wick up here that we
know is an OB on LTF, and look at how price respects it.
Now we do wick above it, which its likely because we want us price wants to
generate liquidity before reversing. But ultimately it respects it and then we bos back
down to the low.
So this is where price currently is, but this is just the concepts of buying to sell,
selling to buy. Now as we have already tapped into this demand zone, its likely we
could now see lower prices and we can look for sells.

Market Structure 21