Arithmetic-Progressions - MD
Arithmetic-Progressions - MD
Arithmetic progressions
Number sequences that have a constant difference between successive terms are called
arithmetic progressions (AP).
For example:
In general the first term of an AP is represented by 'a' and the common difference by 'd' and the
formulae for the nth term of the AP is:
Question 1
Solution 1
First we calculate the common difference, "d" by subtracting any two adjacent terms in the series.
d = 5-1 = 4
Last term of an AP
Given the number of terms of a series, we can find the last term of the series using the formula
nth term = a+(n−1)d and using using the number of terms in the series as n. Representing the last
term by l, this becomes:
Find the last term of the series 1, 5, 9, 13,... given that the series contains 100 terms.
Solution 2
First we calculate the common difference, "d" by subtracting any two adjacent terms in the series.
d = 5-1 = 4
f irst term+last term
average =
2
a+l
Which means that average =
2
(a+l)n
Sn =
2
n
Sn = (a + l)
2
Substituting l = a+(n−1)d
n
We get Sn = (a + a + (n − 1)d)
2
n
Sn = (2a + (n − 1)d)
2
Question 3
Find the sum of the series 1, 5, 9, 13,... given that the series contains 100 terms.
Solution 3
n
Sn = (2a + (n − 1)d)
2
100
S100 = [2(1) + (100 − 1)(4)]
2
S100 = 50[398]
S100 = 19900
Worked Examples
Question 4
Determine (a) the 3rd, and (b) the 23rd term of the series 3, 8, 13, 18,...
Solution 4
a) d = 8-3 = 5
a=3
b) d = 8-3 = 5
a=3
Question 5
The 3rd term of an AP is 23 and the 23rd term is 87. Determine the 20th term.
Solution 5
Using the 3rd term: 23 = a+(3−1)d Using the 23rd term: 87 = a+(23-1)d
64 = 20d
d = 3.2
Question 6
Determine the position of the term whose value is 22 in the series 2.5, 4, 5.5, 7...
Solution 6
n = 14
Question 7
Find the sum of the first 42 terms of the series 1, 11, 21, 31,...
Solution 7
a = 1 d = 10 n = 42
n
Sn = (2a + (n − 1)d)
2
42
S42 = [2(1) + (42 − 1)(10)]
2
S42 = 21(412)
S42 = 8652
Question 8
Find the 11th term of the series 8, 14, 20, 26,... .
Solution 8
a = 8 d = 14-8 = 6
= 8+10(6)
= 8+60
= 68
Question 9
Find the 17th term of the series 11, 10.7, 10.4, 10.1,... .
Solution 9
a = 11 d = 10.7-11 = -0.3
= 11+(16)(-0.3)
= 11-4.8
= 6.2
Question 10
The seventh term of a series is 29 and the eleventh term is 54. Determine the sixteenth term.
Solution 10
= -8.5+(15)(6.25)
= 85.25
Question 11
Find the 15th term of an arithmetic progression of which the first term is 2.5 and the tenth term is
16.
Solution 11
16 = 2.5+9d
13.5 = 9d
d = 1.5
= 2.5+14(1.5)
= 2.5+21
= 23.5
Question 12
Determine the number of the term which is 29 in the series 7, 9.2, 11.4, 13.6,... .
Solution 12
29 = 7+(n-1)(2.2)
29 = 7+2.2n-2.2
29 = 4.8+2.2n
29-4.8 = 2.2n
24.2 = 2.2n
n = 11
Question 13
Find the sum of the first 11 terms of the series 4, 7, 10, 13,... .
Solution 13
a = 4 d = 3 n = 11
n
Sn = [2a + (n − 1)d]
2
11
S11 = [8 + (11 − 1)(3)]
2
S11 = 5.5(38)
S11 = 209
Question 14
Determine the sum of the series 6.5, 8.0, 9.5, 11.0, ... , 32.
Solution 14
a = 6.5 d = 1.5 l = 32
l = a+(n-1)d
32 = 6.5+(n-1)(1.5)
32 = 6.5+1.5n-1.5
32 = 5+1.5n
32-5 = 1.5n
1.5n = 27
n = 18
(a+l)n
Sn =
2
(6.5+32)(18)
S18 =
2
(38.5)(18)
S18 =
2
S18 = 346.5