Introduction to Multimedia

and Hypermedia
 What is Multimedia?

Multimedia means that computer

information can be represented through
audio, video, and animation in addition to
traditional media (i.e., text,
graphics/drawings, images).
 What is Multimedia?

Multimedia is the field concerned with the

computer controlled integration of text,
graphics, drawings, still and moving
images (Video), animation, audio, and
any other media where every type of
information can be represented, stored,
transmitted and processed digitally.
 What is Multimedia?

Multimedia is a media that uses multiple

form of information content and information
processing.
 History of Multimedia

Multimedia is a media that uses multiple

form of information content and information
processing.
The Basic Elements of
Multimedia
Text
Graphic
Animation
Video
Audio
 The Basic Elements of
Multimedia
⬥ TEXT
■ characters that are used to create words,
sentences, and paragraphs.

Multimedia is a rich medium that •Monitor

accommodates numerous instructional
strategies. Multimedia addresses many of the
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Titles challenges of instruction in both the academic
and corporate environments. It is accessible
over distance and time and provides a vehicle
for consistent delivery. Multimedia can provide •Mouse
the best medium with which to communicate a
concept.
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 The Basic Elements of
Multimedia
⬥ Graphics
■ A digital representation of non-text
information, such as a drawing, chart, or
photograph.
 The Basic Elements of
Multimedia
⬥ Animation
■ Flipping through a series of still images. It is
a series of graphics that create an illusion of
motion.
 The Basic Elements of
Multimedia
⬥ Video
■ photographic images that are played back at
speeds of 15 to 30 frames a second and the
provide the appearance of full motion.
 The Basic Elements of
Multimedia
⬥ Audio
■ music, speech, or any other sound.
 Categorization

Two types of Multimedia

presentation

Linear Non-linear
Presentation Interactive
 Categorization

Linear active content progresses often without any

navigational control for the viewer such as a
cinema presentation.

Non-linear uses interactivity to control progress

as with a video game or self-paced computer
based training. Hypermedia is an example of
non-linear content.
 Usage

Multimedia finds its application in various

areas including, but not limited to:
Advertisements
Art
Education
Entertainment
Engineering
Medicine
Mathematics
Business
Scientific research
 Usage

In education, multimedia can be used as a source of

information. Students can search encyclopaedias such
as Encarta, which provide facts on a variety of different
topics using multimedia presentations.

Teachers can use multimedia presentations to make

lessons more interesting by using animations to highlight
or demonstrate key points.
 Usage

A multimedia presentation can also make it easier for

pupils to read text rather than trying to read a teacher’s
writing on the board.

Programs which show pictures and text whilst children

are reading a story can help them learn to read; these too
are a form of multimedia presentation.
 Usage

Multimedia is used for advertising and selling products on

the Internet.
Some businesses use multimedia for training where CD-
ROMs or on-line tutorials allow staff to learn at their own
speed, and at a suitable time to the staff and the
company.
Another benefit is that the company do not have to pay
the additional expenses of an employee attending a
course away from the workplace.
 Usage

People use the Internet for a wide range of reasons,

including shopping and finding out about their hobbies.

The Internet has many multimedia elements embedded

in web pages and web browsers support a variety of
multimedia formats.

Many computer games use sound tracks, 3D graphics

and video clips.
 Usage

Computer-Based Training Teaching

Aid
 Usage

References Entertainment
 Usage

Simulation Virtual Reality

 Usage

Virtual Surgery Information Kiosk

 Advantages of using
Multimedia

⬥ It is very user-friendly. It doesn’t take much energy out

of the user, in the sense that you can sit and watch the
presentation, you can read the text and hear the audio.

⬥ It is multi sensorial. It uses a lot of the user’s senses

while making use of multimedia, for example hearing,
seeing and talking.
 Advantages of using
Multimedia

⬥ It is integrated and interactive. All the different

mediums are integrated through the digitisation
process. Interactivity is heightened by the possibility of
easy feedback.

⬥ It is flexible. Being digital, this media can easily

be
changed to fit different situations and audiences.
 Advantages of using
Multimedia

⬥ It can be used for a wide variety of audiences,

ranging from one person to a whole group.
 Disadvantages of using
Multimedia

⬥ Information overload. Because it is so easy to use,

it can contain too much information at once.

⬥ It takes time to compile. Even though it is flexible,

it takes time to put the original draft together.
 Disadvantages of using
Multimedia

⬥ It can be expensive. As mentioned in one of my

previous posts, multimedia makes use of a wide range
of resources, which can cost you a large amount of
money.

⬥ Too much makes it unpractical. Large files like

video and audio has an effect of the time it takes for
your presentation to load. Adding too much can
mean that you have to use a larger computer to
store the files.
 Hypertext and Hypermedia

Hypertext is a text which contains links to

other texts. The term was invented by
Ted Nelson around 1965.
 Hypertext and Hypermedia

Information is linked and cross-referenced

in many different ways and is widely
available to end users.

Hypertext means a database in

which information (text) has been
organized nonlinearly. The database
consists of pages and links between
 Hypertext and Hypermedia

⬥ A link is defined by source and

destination nodes, and by an anchor
in the source node.
⬥ Two types of link:
■ Internal link

■ External link
Hypertext and Hypermedia
 Hypertext and Hypermedia

Hypermedia is not constrained to be

text- based. It can include other media,
e.g., graphics, images, and especially
the continuous media – sound and
video.
Hypertext and Hypermedia
 Designing Hypermedia

⬥ Important questions in designing

the hypermedia are:
■ Converting linear text to hypertext

■ Text format conversions

■ Dividing the text into nodes

■ Link structures, automatic generation of

links
■ Are nodes in a database or are they
separate files on file system
 Characteristics of
Hypermedia
⬥ It must be possible to use hypermedia both
for writing and reading information.
⬥ The information comprises non-sequential
structures, and may thus be followed along
alternative paths.
⬥ The information must follow natural
associations from one information unit to
another.
⬥ The information may be
hierarchically structured.
 Characteristics of
Hypermedia
⬥ Each information unit is presented in
a separate on-screen window.
⬥ It must be possible to share the information
or parts of it among several users.
⬥ It must be possible to have several people
working against the database at the same
time.
⬥ The information resides in a database.
 Delivering Multimedia

⬥ Multimedia can be delivered using

■ Optical disk (CD-based)

■ Over a distributed network (Web-

based)
 Delivering Multimedia

Optical Disks

⬥ The most cost-effective method

of delivery for multimedia
materials.
⬥ These devices are used to
store large amounts of some
combination of text, graphics,
sound, and moving video.
 Delivering Multimedia

Optical Disks

Media Storage
Compact Disc (CD) 650MB
Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) 4.7GB
Bluray Disc (BD) 27GB
 Delivering Multimedia

Distributed Network

⬥ Suitable for web-based

content eg. website
⬥ Files need to be compress
before transfer
 Delivering Multimedia

Web-based CD-based
Limited in picture size and Can store high end
low video resolution Multimedia elements
Can be changes, Can be permanently
damaged or deleted by stored and not
irresponsible individuals changeable
Information can be Information can be quickly
updated easily and outdated
cheaper