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Multilevel Inverters

The document describes a project to simulate and implement a multilevel inverter. The objectives are to simulate an 11-level 3-phase inverter in MATLAB with THD less than 5% and in Proteus. Hardware is to be fabricated for a 7-level inverter using a cascaded H-bridge topology. Circuit diagrams and output waveforms are shown for 3-level, 11-level, and 7-level inverters in MATLAB and hardware. Firing sequences, Arduino code, and THD measurements are also presented. Future work could include higher level inverters or additional filtering to reduce harmonics.

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Muhammad Yasir Khan
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278 views58 pages

Multilevel Inverters

The document describes a project to simulate and implement a multilevel inverter. The objectives are to simulate an 11-level 3-phase inverter in MATLAB with THD less than 5% and in Proteus. Hardware is to be fabricated for a 7-level inverter using a cascaded H-bridge topology. Circuit diagrams and output waveforms are shown for 3-level, 11-level, and 7-level inverters in MATLAB and hardware. Firing sequences, Arduino code, and THD measurements are also presented. Future work could include higher level inverters or additional filtering to reduce harmonics.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Yasir Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MULTILEVEL

INVERTER Made by:


Yashmeet Singh (15104030)
Kulbir Singh Ahluwalia (15104033)
Harita Jindal (15104038)
Bavleen Kaur (15104043)
Garvit Periwal (15104055)

Mentor:
Prof. Jagdish Kumar
OBJECTIVES

● MATLAB Simulation of 11 Level 3-phase Inverter with THD


(Total Harmonic Distortion) less than or equal to 5%.

● Proteus Simulation of Low and High side switches.

● Hardware Fabrication of Seven Level Inverter with Cascaded


H-Bridge topology.
3 Level Inverter- Circuit and Output Waveform
11 Level Inverter-
Circuit and Output Waveform
Van = Va1+Va2+Va3+Va4+Va5
3 Level Inverter
Circuit Diagram of
Single cell H-Bridge
Firing Sequence Diagram
Arduino Code for 3 level H-bridge Inverter
Observing output waveform of
Actual model
At Alpha = 10 degrees
At Alpha = 45 degrees
Theoretical Results Actual Results
5 Level Inverter
Arduino Code
for 5 level
H-bridge Inverter
Graph of Five
Level Inverter
in DSO
Hardware circuit of 5 level inverter
5 level inverter on Resistive load (R=250 ohms)
At Alpha1= 17.9178, Alpha2= 57.4096
THD=20.4%
7 level Inverter
At Alpha1= 10.577, Alpha2= 26.4472, Alpha3=57.7424
Firing Sequence
Diagram for 7
Level Inverter
THD=10.8%
THD at transformer output=12%
MATLAB SIMULATION
SIMULATION
Algorithm for Newton-Raphson Method
1) Assume any random initial guess for switching angles (say a0 ) such as 0 ≤ a1 < a2 < …. < a5 ≤
pi/2
2) Set m= 0.8
3) Calculate F(a0) , B(m1), and Jacobian J(a0).
4) Compute correction Δa during the iteration using relation, Δa=J inverse of ((a0)(B(m1)-F(a0))).
5) Update the switching angles i.e. a(k+1)=a(k)+ Δa(k)
6) Perform a(k+1)=cos inverse of( (abs(cos(a(k+1)))) ) transformation to bring switching angles in
feasible range
7) Repeat steps (3) to (6) for sufficient number of iterations to attain error goal.
Equations for Selective Harmonic Elimination (SHE)
MATLAB Code to find Firing Angles for
11- Level Inverter
Calculated Firing Angles

These Firing Angles


calculated are further used
in the MATLAB model to
provide firing pulses to the
IGBT/MOSFET.
MATLAB Model For Single-phase Eleven Level Inverter
H-Bridge Circuit
of the Subsystem
Graph for Single-Phase Eleven Level Inverter
FFT Analysis for Single phase 11- Level Inverter
MATLAB Model for Three-Phase 11 Level Inverter

The firing angles for one phase are calculated by Newton-Raphson method.
And then, for other two phases, we add a phase delay of +120° and -120°,
based on the phase sequence.
Graph for 3-Phase 11 Level Inverter
FFT Analysis for 3 phase 11- Level Inverter
Triplen Harmonics in
three phase have been
removed. While they
were present in
single-phase inverter.
MOSFET
Low Side Switch
● In this type of switching,current travels
from load through mosfet to ground
● Since the source terminal is grounded,
this implies that the gate voltage must be
10 to 20V. This voltage level can be easily
generated by having the input voltage of
order of 10-20V and does not pose any
challenge for gate driver circuit.
● A suitably high voltage applied between
the gate and source (VGS) will break
down the MOSFET gate oxide. Gates
rated at 12 V will likely succumb at about
15 V or so; gates having a 20-V rating
typically fail at around 25 V.
High side switch and why P-Channel MOSFET is
preferred as high side switch?
● In this type of switching,current travels from supply through MOSFET to load
and then to ground.
● Harder as the drop across MOSFET is small as drain and source are
approximately at source voltage so we have to keep gate voltage high in
order to turn on the MOSFET.
N-channel MOSFET (IRFZ44N) used as Low Side Switch
P-channel MOSFET (IR9540N) used as High Side Switch
Proteus Circuit for single cell (H-bridge)
FUTURE SCOPE

● Till now we had made the hardware model for 7-level multilevel inverter by
connecting 3-H bridges in series. The future scope of the project can be that
we can make higher multilevel inverter by connecting more number of H
Bridge in series, hence, decreasing the THD of output wave.
● We can also use filtering circuitry at the output terminals to remove
harmonics and further reduce THD of the output waveform.
References
● Selective Harmonic Elimination Technique for a Multilevel Inverter by Jagdish
Kumar, Biswarup Das, Senior Member, IEEE, and Pramod Agarwal, Member,
IEEE.
● Voltage Regulation of Power Systems using Cascaded Multilevel STATCOM
by Jagdish Kumar, Biswarup Das, Senior Member, IEEE, and Pramod
Agarwal, Member, IEEE.
● Control of Harmonics using 15-Level Cascade Multilevel Inverter by Jagdish
Kumar, Biswarup Das, Senior Member, IEEE, and Pramod Agarwal, Member,
IEEE.
● https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=408qlS2z6ys
● Links for the datasheet of the components
1. https://goo.gl/o3Jgb3 (N Channel MOSFET)
2. https://goo.gl/wA66eK (P Channel MOSFET)
3. https://goo.gl/st3rGw (Optocoupler)
● http://www.circuitstoday.com/how-to-protect-mosfet-devices
● https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/electronic_components/transist
or/what-is-a-phototransistor-tutorial.php
THANK YOU
ANY QUESTIONS?

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