Evolution of Microprocessors

EVOLUTION OF
MICROPROCESSORS
Contents
✓Introduction Intel 80486
✓Intel 4004 Intel Pentium
✓Intel 8008 Intel Pentium Pro
✓Intel 8080 Intel Pentium II
✓Intel 8085 Intel Pentium III
✓Intel 8086/8088 Intel Pentium IV
✓Intel 80186 Intel DUAL CORE/CORE 2 DUO
✓Intel 80286 Intel i3
✓Intel 80386 Intel i5
Intel i7
Introduction
✓The first microprocessor was introduced in the year of 1971 by Intel.
It was a 4 bit microprocessor named as Intel 4004. After that an
enhanced version of Intel 4004 was developed. Other companies like
Toshiba, Rockwell also developed 4 bit microprocessors.
✓In 1972 Intel introduced the first 8 bit microprocessor i.e. Intel 8008.
It was used the P-MOS technology. These processors was slow and
not compatible with TTL logic. So, Intel introduced a faster N-MOS
microprocessor i.e. Intel 8080.
✓But the main drawback of Intel 8080 was that it required three power
supplies. Hence, in 1975 Intel developed an improved version of 8080
called Intel 8085.
✓The first X86 processor was developed in 1979 by Intel and was called
the Intel 8086. After that the Intel launched update version of 8086 .
i.e. 8088(16 bit), 80186(16 bit), 80286(24 bit), 80386(32 bit),
80486(32 bit).
✓After launching these processors, Intel launching Pentium processors
which was a big step in the evolution of the microprocessors. After
Pentium, Intel dual core, Intel core duo was introduced by Intel.
✓Now, i3, i5, i7 processors are ruling in present generation of
microprocessors which is also introduced by Intel.
INTEL 4004
Year of Introduction – 1972
• 4-bit microprocessor
• 4 KB addressable memory
• 740-750 kHz
• 45 KIPs
• slow compared to the 100 KIPs executed by the 30-ton ENIAC
computer in 1946
• main difference was that the 4004 weighed much less than an ounce.
• was first programmable device which was used in calculators.
INTEL 8008
• 8 bit version of 4004
• 200 kHz to 800 kHz
• 48 KIPs
• small memory size, slow speed, and instruction set limited its
usefulness.
INTEL 8080
• 8 bit microprocessor
• 2 MHz to 3.125 MHz
• 500 KIPs
• 10 times faster than the 8008.
INTEL 8085
• Last 8 bit microprocessor
• upgraded version of 8080
• about 3 MHz
• 770 KIPs
• internal clock generator, internal system controller, and higher clock
frequency
Modern Microprocessor
INTEL 8086/8088
Year of Introduction – 1978 for 8086
1979 for 8088
• 8086 is 16 bit and 8 bit for 8088
• 1 MB addressable memory
• 5 MHz to 16 MHz
• 2.5 MIPs
• 6 byte instruction queue for 8086 and 4 byte for 8088
• More registers and improvements to the instruction set included multiply
and divide instructions, which were missing on earlier microprocessors.
• Are called CISC (complex instruction set computers)
• In 1981 IBM decided to use 8088 in its personal computers.
INTEL 80186
• 16 bit – upgrade version of 8086
• Never used in the PC
• But was ideal for systems for systems that required a minimum of
hardware.
INTEL 80286
• 16 bit high performance microprocessors
with memory management & protection.
• 8 MHz
• 4.0 MIPs which led to an eightfold increase in speed for many
instructions when compared to 8086/8088 instructions.
• Few additional instructions to handle extra 15 MB
• Concentrates on the features needed to implement MULTITASKING
The 32-Bit Microprocessor
INTEL 80386
• Intel first practical 32 bit microprocessor
• 4 GB addressable memory
• Includes hardware circuitry for memory management and memory
assignment.
• Memory paging and enhanced I/O permissions
INTEL 80486
• 32 bit high performance microprocessor
• 8K bytes cache on one package
• About half of the instructions executed in 1 clock instead of 2 on the
80386
INTEL PENTIUM
• 32 bit microprocessor, 64 bit data bus and
32 bit address bus
• Double clocked 120 and 133MHz
• Fastest version is the 233MHz
• 8K bytes cache on one package
• 16 KB L1 cache (split instruction and data: 8KB each)
INTEL PENTIUM PRO
• 32 bit microprocessor, 64 bit data bus and
36 bit address bus
• 4 GB/64 GB addressable memory
• 16 KB L1 cache (split instruction and data: 8KB each),
256 KB L2 cache
• Intel launched this processor for server market
INTEL PENTIUM II
• 32 bit microprocessor, 64 bit data bus
and 36 bit address bus
• 32 KB split instruction /data L1 caches (16 KB each)
• Module integrated 512KB L2 cache (133MHz)
• A version of P2 called Xeon; specifically designed for high-end
applications
INTEL PENTIUM III
• 32 bit microprocessor, 64 bit data bus
and 36 bit address bus
• Dual Independent Bus (simultaneous L2 and System Memory Access)
• On chip 256 KB L2 cache
• P3 was available in clock Frequency of up to 1 GHz
INTEL DUAL CORE/CORE 2 DUO
• 32 bit/64 bit microprocessor
• It has two cores.
• It support SMT technology
(SMT: Simultaneously Multi Threading)
• E.g. : Adobe Photoshop supports SMT
• Specialized for streaming video, game and DVD applications

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