Fundamentals of Mathematics

Contents

Particulars Page No.

Theory : 1–5

Exercise # 1 6 – 11

(Subjective Questions)

Exercise # 2 12– 17

(Objective Questions)

Exercise # 3 18-19
Part - I : Previous Years JEE Advance Problems
Part - II : Previous Years AIEEE & JEE Mains Problems

Answers : 20 – 23

Self Assessment Paper : 24 – 25

Answers : 26
 JEE (Adv.)-Mathematics Fundamentals of Mathematics

FUNDAMENTALS OF MATHEMATICS

1. INTERVALS :
Intervals are basically subsets of R and are commonly used in solving inequalities or in finding domains.
If there are two numbers a, b R such that a < b, we can define four types of intervals as follows :

Name Representation Description

Open Interval (a, b) {x : a < x < b} i.e. end points are not included.
{x : a x b} i.e. end points are also included. This is possible
Close Interval [a, b]
only when both a and b are finite.
Open - Close Interval (a, b] {x : a < x b} i.e. a is excluded and b is included.
Close - Open Interval [a, b) {x : a £ x < b} i.e. a is included and b is excluded.

METHOD OF INTERVAL (WAVY CURVE METHOD)

To find x where a given expression is positive or negative, we follow few steps. Let us find x satisfying

(x –1)2 (x – 2)
f(x) 0 by taking f(x) = .
(x – 3)3 (x – 4)5

Step-1 : Find points where f(x) is 0 or undefined. In above example f(x) is 0 at x = 1, 2 and undefined at

x = 3, 4. Let us name these as critical or turning points.

Step-2 : Mark these points on real number line.

Step-3: Observe sign of f(x) beyond largest critical point. Here f(x) is positive for x > 4.

Step-4: Change sign in neigbouring interval if the critical point dividing the two intervals has appeared

odd number of times else retain the sign. In above example sign scheme of f(x) is

1 2 3 4
So f(x) 0 is true for x {1} [2, 3) (4, )
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2. IRRATIONAL INEQUALITY:
(i) The inequation f ( x ) < g(x), is equivalent to the following system
f(x) < g2(x) & f(x) 0 & g(x) 0

(ii) The inequation f ( x ) > g(x), is equivalent to the following system

g(x) 0 & f(x) 0 or g(x) 0 & f(x) > g2(x)

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3. ABSOLUTE VALUE FUNCTION / MODULUS FUNCTION :

x if x 0
The symbol of modulus function is f (x) = x and is defined as: y = x
x if x 0

Properties of modulus : For any a, b R

(i) |a| 0 (ii) |a| = |–a|
a |a|
(iii) |ab| = |a| |b| (iv) = |b|
b

(v) | an | | a |n , n N (vi) ||a| – |b|| |a + b| |a| + |b|

(vii) ||a| – |b|| |a – b| |a| + |b|

4. GRAPHICAL TRASFORMATIONS :
(i) Drawing the graph of y = f(x) + b, b R, from the known graph of y = f(x)

y=f(x)+b,b > 0
y=f(x)
A1
x0 y=f(x) – b,b < 0
O A
A2

The graph of f(x) + b can be obtained by translating the graph of f(x) either in the positive y-axis
direction (if b > 0) or in the negative y-axis direction (if b < 0), through a distance |b| units.

(ii) Drawing the graph of y = –f(x) from the known graph of y = f(x)
To draw y = –f(x), take the image of the curve y = f(x) in the x-axis as plane mirror.
y y=f(x) y

x x
0
0
BOBO-BA\Reliable\Adv.\Maths\Fundamentals of Mathematics\Eng\Theory

y=–f(x)
(iii) Drawing the graph of y = f(–x) from the known graph of y = f(x)
To draw y = f(–x), take the image of the curve y = f(x) in the y-axis as plane mirror.
y y=f(x) y

y=f(–x)
x x
0 0

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(iv) Drawing the graph of y = |f(x)| from the known graph of y = f(x)
|f(x)| = f(x) if f(x) 0 and |f(x)| = –f(x) if f(x) < 0. It means that the graph of f(x) and |f(x)| would coincide
if f(x) 0 and for the portions where f(x) < 0 graph of |f(x)| would be image of y = f(x) in x-axis.

y y
y=|f(x)|
y=f(x)
x x
O O

(v) Drawing the graph of y = f(|x|) from the known graph of y = f(x)

f(x), x 0
It is clear that, f(|x|) = . Graph of f(|x|) and f(x) would be identical in the first and the
f( x), x 0
fourth quadrants (as x 0). Also the graph of f(|x|) would be symmetric about the y-axis.

y y

y=f(x) y=f(|x|)

O x O x

(vi) Drawing the graph of |y| = f(x) from the known graph of y = f(x)
If f(x) < 0, graph of |y| = f(x) would not exist.
If f(x) 0, |y| = f(x) would give y = ±f(x). Hence graph of |y| = f(x) would exist only in the regions where
f(x) is non-negative and will be reflected about the x-axis only in those regions.

y y

|y|=f(x)

O x O x
y=f(x)

(vii) Drawing the graph of y = f(x + a), a R from the known graph of y = f(x)

y=f(x)
BOBO-BA\Reliable\Adv.\Maths\Fundamentals of Mathematics\Eng\Theory

y=f(x+a),a>0

x0–|a| x0 x0+|a|

If a > 0, shift the graph of f(x) through 'a' units towards left of f(x).
If a < 0, shift the graph of f(x) through 'a' units towards right of f(x).

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(viii) Drawing the graph of y = af(x) from the known graph of y = f(x)
y=af(x), a >1
y=f(x)
y=af(x),
0<a<1

1
If 0 < a < 1, then ƒ (x) will stretch by units along the y-axis.
a
If a > 1, then f(x) will compress by 'a' units along the y-axis.

(ix) Drawing the graph of y = f(ax) from the known graph of y = f(x).
y y=f(x)
y=f(ax), a >1

y=f(ax),0<a<1

O
x

5. LOGARITHM :
The logarithm of the number N to the base ' a ' is the exponent indicating the power to which the base
' a ' must be raised to obtain the number N. This number is designated as log a N. Hence:
logaN = x ax = N , a > 0, a 1&N>0
If a = e, we write log e b as n b. Here ' e ' is called as Napier's base & has numerical value approximately
~ 0. 3010, ; log 10 3 ~
equal to 2.71828. Remem ber that l og 10 2 ~ ~ 0. 4771, ~ 0. 693,
n 2 ~
n 10 ~
~ 2.303

5.1 FUNDAMENTAL LOGARITHMIC IDENTITY :

loga N
a = N, a > 0, a 1&N>0

5.2 THE PRINCIPAL PROPERTIES OF LOGARITHM:

Let M & N are arbitrary positive numbers, a > 0, a 1, b > 0, b 1 and are any real numbers, then:-
BOBO-BA\Reliable\Adv.\Maths\Fundamentals of Mathematics\Eng\Theory

(i) loga (MN) = loga M + loga N (ii) loga (M/N) = loga M loga N

1
(iii) loga M = loga M (iv) loga M = logaM

loga M 1
(v) logb M = (base changing theorem) (vi) logb a = log b
loga b a

(vii) alogc b blogc a (viii) loga1 = 0 and loga a = 1

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5.3 GRAPH OF EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION :
A function f(x) = ax (a > 0, a 1, x R) is called an exponential function. Graph of exponential function
can be as follows :

Case - Case -
For a > 1 For 0 < a < 1

5.4 GRAPH OF LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION :

f(x) = logax is called logarithmic function where a > 0 and a 1 and x > 0. Its graph can be as follows:

Case- Case-
For a > 1 For 0 < a < 1

Note : (i) If the number and the base are on the same side of the unity, then the logarithm is positive.
(ii) If the number and the base are on the opposite sides of unity, then the logarithm is negative.

5.5 LOGARITHMIC EQUATION :

log a x = log a y x=y
Always check validity of given equation:- x > 0, y > 0, a > 0, a 1

5.6 LOGARITHMIC INEQUALITY :

BOBO-BA\Reliable\Adv.\Maths\Fundamentals of Mathematics\Eng\Theory

Let 'a' is a real number

(i) If a > 1, then logax > loga y x>y>0
(ii) If a > 1, then logax < 0<x<a
(iii) If a > 1, then logax > x>a
(iv) If 0 < a < 1, then logax > logay 0<x<y
(v) If 0 < a < 1, then loga x < x>a
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SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Section (A) : Rational and Irrational Inequalities
A-1 Solve the following inequalities :

x 4 ( x 1)2 ( x 2)
(i) (x – 1) 2 (x + 1)3 (x – 4) 0 (ii) 0
( x 3) 3 ( x 4 )

(x 2) ( x 2 2x 1) 2x 1
(iii) 2 0 (iv) 2 x 1
4 3x x 2x 5x 2

x 2 2x 3
(v) >
x 2 4x 1

A-2 Find the number of the integral solutions of x 2 + 9 < (x + 3) 2 < 8x + 25

A-3 Find the number of positive integral values of x satisfying the inequality

(x 4)2021 . (x 8)2020 (x 1)
0
x 2016 (x 2)3 . (x 3)5 . (x 6) (x 9)2022

2 1 2x 1
A-4 Find the number of non-negative integral values of x satisfying the inequality 2 0
x x 1 x 1 x3 1
A-5 Solve the following inequalities :

1
(i) x–3< x2 4x 5 (ii) 4 x2
x

4 6 2 1 2x 2 7x – 4 1
(iii) 2
– < – (iv)
x x x 2 x 4 2

(v)
3
(x 4)(x 7) 22/3

Section (B) : Modulus Function

B-1 Draw the graph of
BOBO-BA\Reliable\Adv.\Maths\Fundamentals of Mathematics\Eng\Ex-1

(i) y = |x + 2| + |x – 3|
(ii) y = |x| + |x –1| + |x – 2|
(iii) y = 2 | x – 1| + |x – 4|
(iv) y = |x – 1| + |x –4| –2 |x + 1|
B-2 Find the minimum value of f(x) = |x – 1| + |x – 2| + |x – 3|

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B-3 Solve the following linear equations

(i) |x – 3| = 2x –1 (ii) x |x| = 9

(iii) |x – 3| = x 1 (iv) |x + 1| + |x – 4| 2 + x 2 =0
(v) |x|2 – |x| + 4 = 2 x 2 3 x +1 (vi) | |x – 1| – 2| = |x – 3|
(vii) ||x–7|–2| = 5x + 3 (viii) |2x2 – 3x + 1| = |3x2 + 4x –7|
B-4 Solve the simultaneous equations |x + 2| + y = 5, x – |y| = 1
B-5 Find the number of solutions of the equation |2x 2 + x – 1| = |x 2 + 4x + 1|

x 2 5x 6
B-6 Find the number of real solution(s) of the equation x 2 2x =1

B-7 If |x2 – 2x – 8| + |x 2 + x – 2| = 3 | x + 2|, then find the set of all real values of x
B-8 If |x2 – 2x | – |x – 2| = |x 2 – x –2|, then find the set of all real values of x
B-9 Find the complete set of real ' x ' satisfying ||x – 1| – 1| 1
B-10 Find the set of all real numbers x for which x2 – |x + 2| + x > 0
B-11 Solve the following inequalities :

3x
(i) 1
x2 4

|x 3| x
(ii) >1
x 2
(iii) |x 2 + 3x| + x 2 – 2 0
(iv) |x + 3| > |2x – 1|

(v) x– 1 |x| < 0

x 2 – | x | –6
(vi) 2x
x –1
(vii) (|x – 1| –2) (|2x + 3| – 4) < 0
(viii) |x–1| + |x – 2| + |x – 3| 6

Section (C) : Graphical Transformations

C-1. Draw the graph of the followings :

| sin x |
(i) y=
sin x
BOBO-BA\Reliable\Adv.\Maths\Fundamentals of Mathematics\Eng\Ex-1

(ii) y = | x 1| 2

(iii) y = tan 2x
3

(iv) y = sin | x | 3

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C-2. If f(x) = sin( x), then draw the graph of the followings :
(i) y = f(|x|) (ii) y = f(–|x|) (iii) |y| = f(x)

C-3 Draw the graph of followings :

(i) y = – |x + 2| (ii) y = | | x – 1 | – 2| (iii) |y| + x = – 1
C-4. Draw the graphs of the following curves :

1 y
(i) y= – (ii) =–1 (iii) |y – 3| = |x – 1|
| 2x 1 | |x| 1

C-5. Given the graph of y = f(x), is

Draw the graph of y = f(1– x)

C-6. Let y = f(x) has following graph

then draw the graph of y = – f(|x|)

C-7. Let f(x) = x 3 – 3x + 2, then draw graph of
(i) y = f(|x|)
(ii) y = f(–|x|)
' (iii) |y| = f(x)
(iv) |y| = f(|x – 2|)
BOBO-BA\Reliable\Adv.\Maths\Fundamentals of Mathematics\Eng\Ex-1

C-8 Find the number of roots of the equation cot x =

2
+ x in ,

3
C-9 Find the number of solutions of equation 4 tan x + 2x = belonging to interval ,
2 2

C-10 Find the number of roots of equation 3|x|– |2 – |x|| = 1

C-11 Find the number of solutions of equation x + 1 = x · 2x
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Section (D) : Logarithmic identities, equation and inequality
D-1 Compute the following

(i) log105.log1020 + (log102)2

1
(ii) log0.75 log2
0.125

1
3 log7 5 1
(iii) 5
( log10 0.1)

1 log7 2
1
(iv) + 5 – log1 / 5 7
49

1 3
log 5 9 log 6 3 2
81 3 log25 6
(v) . 7 log 25 7
125
409

1 1 1
(vi) + +
1 logb a logb c 1 logc a logc b 1 loga b loga c

(vii) (log210) . (log280) – (log25) . (log2160)

3
log a 2
2 21 / 4 3log27 a 1
2a
(viii)
4 log49 a
7 a 1

D-2 If a4 · b5 = 1 then find the value of loga(a5b4)

D-3 If log102 = a & log2 3 = b then express log4100 + 2 log27100 in terms of a & b

loga b log b a
D-4 Prove that a =b

log( 3log3 25 25log5 4 1)

D-5. If k = log3 5 log5 4 then find the value of logk512
log(3 3 5 )
BOBO-BA\Reliable\Adv.\Maths\Fundamentals of Mathematics\Eng\Ex-1

D-6 Draw the graphs of the following curves :

| x2 – 1|
(i) y= nx
( x 2 – 1)

(ii) y = log1/2 (1 – x).

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D-7 Solve the following equations

(i) log10 (x² 12 x + 36) = 2

(ii) log4 log3 log2 x = 0

1
(iii) log3 log9 x 9x = 2x.
2

(iv) 2log4 (4 – x) = 4 – log2 (– 2 – x).

(v) log 102 x + log10x 2 = log 102 2 1

(vi) log4 (log2x) + log2 (log4x) = 2

(vii) log 1 ( x 1) log 1 ( x 1) log 1 (7 x ) 1

2 2 2

(viii) log10 x = log10 x 2

log x 5
(ix) x 3 = 105 + log x

log2 (9 – 2x )
D-8. Solve equation : 1
3– x

D-9. Solve equation : 52x = 32x + 2.5x + 2.3x

D-10 Solve equation : 2|x+1| + 2|x| = 6

D-11 Solve the following inequalities :

(i) log0.5 (x + 5)2 > log1/2 (3x – 1)2

x 1
(ii) log1/2 log3 0
x 1

(iii) 2 log2 (x 2 + 3x) 0

(iv) log0.5 log5 (x 2 – 4) > log0.51

(v) 2
log10 x 1 > log10x – 1
BOBO-BA\Reliable\Adv.\Maths\Fundamentals of Mathematics\Eng\Ex-1

1
(vi) log( 3x2 1) 2 <
2

(vii) log|x| (x2 + x + 1) 0

(viii) logx² (2 + x) < 1

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D-12. Solve the following inequalities :

(i) |log3x| – log3 x – 3 < 0

x –1
(ii) 1
log3 (9 – 3 x ) – 3

(iii) log x –1 (x – 2) 0
x– 5

x
3x – 2 2
(iv) 8 >1+
3 – 2x
x
3

D-13 Which one of the following is the smallest?

2
(i) log10 (ii) log10

3
1 1
(iii) (iv)
log10 log10

D-14 If the solution set of the inequality log 0 .9

log5 ( x 2 5 x ) > 0 contains ‘n’ integral values, then find n

log ( x – 3) ( x 2 – 4 x 3 )
1
D-15 Find the number of integral solutions of inequality 1
10
BOBO-BA\Reliable\Adv.\Maths\Fundamentals of Mathematics\Eng\Ex-1

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OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
* Marked Questions may have more than one correct option:-

( x 1)( x 2)( x 3 )
1. The number of positive integers not satisfying the inequality 1 is equal to
( x 1)( x 2)( x 3 )
(A) 3 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) 0

6x 2 5x 3
2. If 2 4, then the least and the highest values of 4x 2 are:
x 2x 6

(A) 0 & 81 (B) 9 & 81 (C) 36 & 81 (D) none of these

3. The complete solutions of the inequality (x 2 – x – 1) (x 2 – x – 7) < – 5 is (–a, –b) (c, d) then find the
value of (a + b + c + d)
(A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 2
4*. Let a > 2, a N be a constant. If there are just 18 positive integers satisfying the inequality
(x – a)(x – 2a)(x – a2) < 0 then which of the option(s) is/are correct?
(A) 'a' is composite (B) 'a' is odd
(C) 'a' is greater than 8 (D) 'a' lies in the interval (3, 11)

x2 – 2x 2|a|
5. If a 0 then solution of > 0 is :-
x 2 – a2
(A) (– , – |a|) (|a|, ) (B) (– , –a) (a, )
(C) (– , –a) [a, ) (D) (–|a|, |a|)

2 | x | –2
6. If (x2 – 2|x|) (|2x| – 2) – 9 0 then set of values of x is :-
x2 2 | x |

(A) (– , 3] (B) (– , –1] (2, 3]

(C) (– , –1] (0, 1] ] (D) [–3, –2) – (0, 1] (2, 3]

(x 2 2)( x 2 16 )
7. Find the sum of all the real solutions of the inequality 4 2 0
(x 2)(x 9)

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 16

BOBO-BA\Reliable\Adv.\Maths\Fundamentals of Mathematics\Eng\Ex -2,3 & SAP

x 7
8. Set of values of x satisfying the inequality 3 x is
x 1
(A) (– 2, –1) (– 1, 1) (2, )

(B) (– 2, 1) (2, 3]

(C) (– , – 2) (2, 3]

(D) (– 1, 1) (2, 3]

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1 21 4 x x2
9. The number of integers satisfying the inequality 0 is
x 1
(A) 0 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 2
10*. If f(x) = |x + 1| – 2 | x – 1| then
(A) maximum value of f(x) is 2.
(B) there are two solutions of f(x) = 1.
(C) there is one solution of f(x) = 2.
(D) there are two solutions of f(x) = 3.
11. Find the number of real value(s) of p for which the equation | 2x + 3 | + | 2x – 3 | = px + 6 has more than
two solutions
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) infinite
12. |x2 + 6x + p| = x2 + 6x + p x R where p is a prime number then least possible value of p is
(A) 7 (B) 11 (C) 5 (D) 13
13. The equation ||x – 1| + a| = 4 can have real solutions for x if “a” belongs to the interval
(A) (– , 4] (B) (0, 4) (C) (4, ) (D) [4, 4]
14. Find number of positive integral value of x satisfying |x – 2| + |x 2 – 2x – 3| |x 2 – 3x – 1|
(A) 2 (B) 0 (C) 3 (D) Infinite (vuUr)

| x 2| – | x|
15. The solution set of the inequality 0 is
4 – x3

3 3 3 3
(A) [–1, 4) (B) [1, 4) (C) [–1, 2) (D) [0, 4)

3
16. Solution of inequation x 2 x –1 x – 2 x –1 is :-
2
(A) (– , 1) (B) (– , 1] (C) [1, ) (D) (1, )
17. Solution set of |9x – 3x+1 + 15| < 2.9x – 3x is
(A) (– , 1) (B) (1, ) (C) (– , 1] (D) [2, )
18. Solution of x2·2x+1 + 2|x–3| + 2 = x2 2|x–3| + 4 + 2x–1is

1 1
(A) [3, ) (B) – , (3, )
2 2
BOBO-BA\Reliable\Adv.\Maths\Fundamentals of Mathematics\Eng\Ex -2,3 & SAP

–1 –1 1
(C) – , (D) , [3, )
2 2 2

a
19*. The solution set of inequality |x| < , a R, is
x

(A) – – a , 0 if a < 0 (B) 0 , a if a > 0

(C) if a = 0 (D) (0, a) if a > 0
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JEE (Adv.)-Mathematics Fundamentals of Mathematics
20. If y = f(x) is shown in figure given below,

then correct graph for y = f(|x + 2|) is

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D) None of these

21*. If graph of y = f(x) is as shown in figure
y
2

x
–2 –1 0 2
–1

then which of the following options is/are correct ?

y
BOBO-BA\Reliable\Adv.\Maths\Fundamentals of Mathematics\Eng\Ex -2,3 & SAP

(A) Graph of y = f(–|x|) is x (B) Graph of y = f(|x|) is

–2 –1 0 1 2

y
y
1

x
(C) Graph of y = |f(|x|)| is –2 –1 O 1 2 (D) Graph of |y| = f(x) is –2 –1 O 2
x

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 JEE (Adv.)-Mathematics Fundamentals of Mathematics
22. If graph of y = f(x) where f(x) is differentiable in (–3,1), is as shown in the following figure

and g(x) = n(f(x)), then the graph of y = g(– |x|) is

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

23. Graph of y = f(x) is given below :

BOBO-BA\Reliable\Adv.\Maths\Fundamentals of Mathematics\Eng\Ex -2,3 & SAP

1
Find the number of solutions of equation = |x–2|
f(x)
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 4

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JEE (Adv.)-Mathematics Fundamentals of Mathematics
24. Let = log10 15 and = log10 16 , a set A = {log 101, log10 2,.........log10 50} then find the number of
elements in set A which can be written in the form of a b c where a,b,c are rational numbers
(A) 6 (B) 24 (C) 12 (D) 18

3 5
25. Let a, b, c, d N and loga b = , logcd = . If a–c = 9 then b – d =
2 4
(A) 20 (B) 93 (C) 10 (D) 1
26*. The value of x for which
log2x . log3x . log5x = log2 x . log3x + log3x log5x + log5x . log2x is

1
(A) 30 (B) 1 (C) (D) None of these
30

1
27*. If a and b are the solutions of equation : log5 log64 | x | 25 x = 2x, then
2
(A) a + b = 0 (B) a2 + b2 = 128 (C) ab = 64 (D) a – b = 8

28*. The equation logx 2 16 + log2x64 = 3 has :

(A) one irrational solution (B) no prime solution

(C) two real solutions (D) one integral solution
29. Find a if equation 2(log3x)2 – |log3x| + a = 0 possess four real solutions.

1
(A) a (0, 1) (B) a 0,
8
1
(C) a (–2, –1) (D) a – ,0
8
9
(log3 x )2 log3 x 5
2
30*. The equation x = 3 3 has
(A) exactly three real solution (B) at least one real solution
(C) exactly one irrational solution (D) complex roots.

log2 ( x 2 5 x 4)
31. Set of all real values of x satisfying the inequation 2 > 1 is
log2 ( x 1)

3 3
(A) , – {0} (B) (– , 1) – {0} (C) , (D) (4, )
BOBO-BA\Reliable\Adv.\Maths\Fundamentals of Mathematics\Eng\Ex -2,3 & SAP

5 5

( x 8) (2 x )
32. The set of values of x satisfying simultaneously the inequalities 0 and
10
log0.3 (log2 5 1)
7
2 x 3
31 > 0 is :

(A) a unit set (B) an empty set

(C) an infinite set (D) a set consisting of exactly two elements.

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 JEE (Adv.)-Mathematics Fundamentals of Mathematics

33. The least positive integer x satisfying inequality log x

(x2 – 10x + 22) > 0 is
log2
2

(A) 9 (B) 4 (C) 7 (D) 8

log 0.3 (x – 2)
34. Solution set of 0 is :-
|x|

(A) [1, 2) (2, 3] (B) [1, 3] (C) (2, 3] (D) {1}

2
e x – 1 2x – 3 x 1 x 2 – 5x 4
35. Solution set of 0 is
x 4 – 2x 2 1
(A) [–1, 0) (1, 3/2) (B) (– , –1] [0, 1] (3/2, 4)
(C) (– , –1) (1, 3/2] [4, ) {0} (D) (– , –1) [0, 1) [3/2, 4]

(3 x
4 x ) · n( x 2)
36. The solution set of the inequality 0 is
x 2 3x 4
(A) (– , 0] (4, ) (B) (–2, 0] (4, ) (C) (–1, 0] (4, ) (D) (–2, –1) (– 1, 0] (4, )

(e x 1)(sin x 2)
37. Solution set of the inequality 0 is :
x3 1
(A) (– , 0) (B) (– , 1) (C) (– , –1) (D) (–1, )
BOBO-BA\Reliable\Adv.\Maths\Fundamentals of Mathematics\Eng\Ex -2,3 & SAP

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JEE (Adv.)-Mathematics Fundamentals of Mathematics

PART - I : JEE (ADVANCED) / IIT-JEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)

* Marked Questions may have more than one correct option.

1. The number of solution(s) of log4(x – 1) = log2(x – 3) is/are [IIT-JEE-2002, Scr., (1, 0)/35]
(A) 3 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 0
x2 6x 5
2. Let f(x) = 2 [IIT-JEE 2007, Paper-2, (6, 0), 81]
x 5x 6

Column – Column –

(A) If – 1 < x < 1, then f(x) satisfies (p) 0 < f(x) < 1

(B) If 1 < x < 2, then f(x) satisfies (q) f(x) < 0

(C) If 3 < x < 5, then f(x) satisfies (r) f(x) > 0

(D) If x > 5, then f(x) satisfies (s) f(x) < 1

3. Let (x 0, y0) be the solution of the following equations
(2x) n2= (3y) n3

3 nx = ny
2 .
Then x0 is [IIT-JEE 2011, Paper-1, (3, –1), 80]
1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) 6
6 3 2

1 1 1 1
4. The value of 6 log 3 4– 4– 4– .... is [IIT-JEE 2012, Paper-1, (4, 0), 70]
2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2

5*. If 3x = 4x – 1 , then x = [JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-2, (3, –1), 60]

2 log3 2 2
(A) 2 log 2 – 1 (B)
2 – log2 3
3
BOBO-BA\Reliable\Adv.\Maths\Fundamentals of Mathematics\Eng\Ex -2,3 & SAP

1 2 log2 3
(C) 1 – log 3 (D) 2 log 3 – 1
4 2

1 1
2 log (log 9)
6. The value of (log 2 9) 2 2 7 log 4 7 is ______ [IIT-JEE 2018, (3, 0)]

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 JEE (Adv.)-Mathematics Fundamentals of Mathematics

PART - I : JEE(MAIN) / AIEEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)

2
1. The sum of all real values of x satisfying the equation (x 2 – 5x 5) x 4x–60
= 1 is :-

[JEE(Main) 2016]
(1) –4 (2) 6 (3) 5 (4) 3

2. Let S = {x R:x 0 and 2| x – 3| + x ( x – 6) + 6 = 0}. Then S :

[JEE(Main) 2017 & 2018 (4, –1), 120]
(1) contains exactly two elements (2) contains exactly four elements
(3) is an empty set (4) contains exactly on element

3. The sum of the solutions of the equation | x – 2 | x( x – 4) 2 0 , (x > 0) is equal to

[JEE(Main) 2019_8 April_Shift-1 (4, –1), 120]

(1) 4 (2) 10 (3) 9 (4) 12
4. The number of real roots of the equqation 5 + |2x – 1| = 2x (2x – 2) is :-
[JEE(Main) 2019_10 April_Shift-2 (4, –1), 120]
(1) 2 (2) 1 (3) 3 (4) 4
5. Let S be the set of all real roots of the equation 3x(3x – 1) + 2 = |3x – 1| + |3x –2|. Then S :-
[JEE(Main) 2020_8 Jan_Shift-2 (4, –1), 100]
(1) contains exactly two elements
(2) is a singleton
(3) contain at least four elements
(4) is an empty set
6. If A = {x R : |x| < 2} and B = {x R : |x – 2| > 3} then :- [JEE(Main) 2020_9 Jan_Shift-2 (4, –1), 100]
(1) A – B = [–1, 2) (2) A B = R – (2, 5)
(3) B – A = R – (–2, 5) (4) A B = (–2, –1)
BOBO-BA\Reliable\Adv.\Maths\Fundamentals of Mathematics\Eng\Ex -2,3 & SAP

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JEE (Adv.)-Mathematics Fundamentals of Mathematics

B-2 2
Exercise # 1
Section (A) 4
B-3 (i) (ii) 3 (iii) 2, 5
A-1 (i) x (– , –1] {1} [4, ) 3
(ii) x (–4, –1) (–1, 0) (0, 2) (3, )
(iii) x (– , –2] {1} (iv) (v) ±3 (vi) x [1, )
(iv) x ( 2, 1) ( 2/3, 1/2)
1 1 –6
(v) x (– , – 2) ,1 (4, ) (vii) (viii) –8, 1,
4 3 5
A-2 5
A-3 3 B-4 x = 2, y = 1
A-4 3
A-5 (i) (– , – 5] U [1, ) B-5 4

(ii) [–2, 0) [ 2 3, 2 3] B-6 4

2 B-7 [1, 4] {–2}

(iii) 0,
3
B-8 (– , –1] {2}
1 8
(iv) (– , –4) , B-9 [ 1, 3]
2 7
(v) (– , 3) U (8, ) B-10 (– ,– 2) ( 2, )

Section (B) B-11 (i) x (– , –4] [–1, 1] [4, )

B-1 (i) (ii) x (–5, –2) (–1, )

2 1
(iii) x , ,
3 2

y
2
(iv) x ,4
(ii) 3 3
2
x
0 1 2
(v) [– 1, ( 5 – 1)/2)
BOBO-BA\Reliable\Adv.\Maths\Fundamentals of Mathematics\Eng\Ex -2,3 & SAP

6 (vi) (– , 1)
(iii) 3
x
0 1 4
–7 1
y (vii) , –1 ,3
2 2
7
1 4
(iv)
–1 (viii) [0, 4]
–7
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 JEE (Adv.)-Mathematics Fundamentals of Mathematics
Section (C)

C-1. (i) C-3 (i)

(ii)

(ii)

(iii)

(iii)

(iv)

C-4. (i)

C-2. (i)

(ii)
(ii)
BOBO-BA\Reliable\Adv.\Maths\Fundamentals of Mathematics\Eng\Ex -2,3 & SAP

(iii)
(iii)

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JEE (Adv.)-Mathematics Fundamentals of Mathematics
Section (D)
D-1 (i) 1 (ii) 1 (iii) 2
C-5. 1
(iv) 7 + (v) 1 (vi) 1
196
(vii) log216 (viii) a2 + a + 1
D-2 9/5

1 4
D-3
C-6. a 3b
D-5. 9

D-6 (i) (ii)

C-7. (i)

D-7 (i) x = 16 or x = 4 (ii) 8

(iii) {1/3} (iv) {– 4}

1 1
(v) , (vi) x = 16 (vii)
(ii) 20 5
x=3 (viii) x = –1, –10
(ix) {10 5
, 10 }
3

D-8 0
D-9 10, 3/2

(iii) D-10 –2, 1, log2 (3 7)

D-11 (i) (– , –5) (–5, –1) (3, )
(ii) [2, )
(iii) [ 4, 3) (0, 1]

(iv) (– 3, – 5) ( 5 , 3)

1
(v) 0, (10, )
10
(vi) ( , 1) (1, )
(iv)
(vii) (– , –1) (–1, 0) (1, )
(viii) x (– 2, –1) (– 1, 0) (0, 1) (2, )
BOBO-BA\Reliable\Adv.\Maths\Fundamentals of Mathematics\Eng\Ex -2,3 & SAP

1 9
D-12. (i) , (ii) log3 ,2
33/2 10

(iii) (5, ) (iv) (0, log 3 3 )

C-8 2 2

C-9 2 D-13 log10

C-10 2 D-14 8
C-11 2 D-15 0

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 JEE (Adv.)-Mathematics Fundamentals of Mathematics

Exercise # 2
1. (A) 2. (A) 3. (C)
4. (BD) 5. (A) 6. (D)
7. (A) 8. (D) 9. (B)
10. (ABC) 11 (B) 12. (B)
13. ((A) 14. (A) 15. (A)
16. (C) 17. (B) 18. (D)
19. (ABC) 20. (A) 21. (ACD)
22. (D) 23. (C) 24. (B)
25. (B) 26. (AB) 27. (AB)
28. (ABCD) 29. (B) 30. (ABCD)
31. (A) 32. (A) 33. (D)
34. (C) 35. (C) 36. (D)

37. (C)

Exercise # 3
PART - I
1. (B)
2. (A) p, r, s; (B) q, s; (C) q, s; (D) p, r, s
3. (C)
4. 4
5. (ABC)
6. 8

PART - II
1. (4) 2. (1) 3. (2)
4. (2) 5. (2) 6. (3)
BOBO-BA\Reliable\Adv.\Maths\Fundamentals of Mathematics\Eng\Ex -2,3 & SAP

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JEE (Adv.)-Mathematics Fundamentals of Mathematics

Self Assessment Paper

JEE ADVANCED
Maximum Marks : 62 Total Time : 1:00 Hr
SECTION-1 : ONE OPTION CORRECT (Marks - 12)
1. Number of integers satisfying the equation x 3 – 4 x –1 + x 8 – 6 x – 1 = 1 are
(A) 5 (B) 6 (C) 0 (D) 7
2. Let f 0(x) = |x – 1| and fn(x) = |f n–1(x) – 1| : n N and Sum of all solutions of equation f 2020(x) = 1 is ‘ ’ then

is nearest to the integer

100
3. Interval containing all the solutions of the equation 7x+2 –21.7x – 1 + 2.7x = 48 is
(A) [1, 3] (B) [–1, 3] (C) [–4, –1] (D) [1, 4]

4. The solution set of the inequation 3 + log 1 (x2 + x + 1) > 0 contains the number of integers
7

(A) 35 (B) 18 (C) 36 (D) 17

SECTION-2 : ONE OR MORE THAN ONE CORRECT (Marks - 32)

x 2 – 10x 9
5. Let f(x) = then choose the correct option :-
x 2 – 7x 12
(A) if 5 < x < 7 then f(x) < 0 (B) if 5 < x < 7 then f(x) < –1

(C) if 16 < x < 20 then –1 < f(x) < 0 (D) if –1 < x < 1 then 0 < f(x) < 1

6. Which of the following set of values of ‘x’ satisfy the inequality.

x16 – x7 + x8 – x3 + 1 > 0
(A) –5 < x 7 (B) x –5 or x 7

(C) x 0 or x 7 (D) 0 x < 7

5– a )
7. Let a = log5 log52 an integer k satisfying 1< 4(– k < 2 must be less than :-

(A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 4

BOBO-BA\Reliable\Adv.\Maths\Fundamentals of Mathematics\Eng\Ex -2,3 & SAP

8. Sum of all solutions of equation

|x–3|3 – 6|x–3|2 + 11 |x–3| –6 = 0 is divisible by :-

(A) 4 (B) 9 (C) 12 (D) 6

9. Number of natural values of k less than 8 for which

|x| + |x – 1| + |x – 3| + |x – 4| = 8k have integral solutions are ‘n’ then n divides :-

(A) 10 (B) 12 (C) 18 (D) 25

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 JEE (Adv.)-Mathematics Fundamentals of Mathematics

10. If 5x–2 = 9x–3 then x is equal to

6 log 5 3 – 2 3 – log 9 25
(A) (B)
2 log5 3 – 1 1 – log 9 5

6 – 2 log3 5 1 – log3 51/3

(C) (D) 1
2 – log3 5
– log 9 51/3
3
11. The value of

7 25 7 25 7 25 7
10 + 2 log6/5 .... is a proper divisor for :-
6 14 6 14 6 14 6

(A) 12 (B) 6 (C) 15 (D) 24

12. Let (0, /2) and t1 = (sin ) sin
, t2 = (sin ) cosec

t3 = (cosec )sin , and t4 = (cosec )cosec then identify the INCORRECT statement :-
(A) t1 < t2 < t3 < t4 (B) t2 < t1 < t3 < t4
(C) t3 < t1 < t2 < t4 (D) t2 < t3 < t1 < t4

SECTION-3 : NUMERICAL VALUE TYPE (Marks - 18)

a
13. Interval containing all the solutions of the inequality 3 – x > 3 1 – x 2 contains the number 5 , a Z

7n
and number of possible values of a are ‘n’ then is equal to
5
14. The inequality logx2 |x – 1| > 0 is not defined for some integral values of x, then the sum of their
magnitudes is equal to
15. If set of all real values of x satisfying |x 2 – 3x – 1| < |3x 2 + 2x + 1| + |2x2 + 5x + 2|, x2 – 3x – 1 0
3/ b
is (– , –a) (–b, ), then the value of a b is equal to

16. If log10 a lob10 b log10 a log10 b 100 and all four terms on the left are positive integers
1
then value of log10 ab is :-
10
BOBO-BA\Reliable\Adv.\Maths\Fundamentals of Mathematics\Eng\Ex -2,3 & SAP

17. If solution of inequation log (x 2) (2x 3) log(x 2) (24 6x) is (a, b) (c, d) then a + b + c + d is
equal to :-

100
18. If x2 + y2 = 1 (x, y R) then the value of [(3x – 4x 3)2 + (3y – 4y3)2] is equal to
7

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JEE (Adv.)-Mathematics Fundamentals of Mathematics

1. (B) 2. (A)
3. (B) 4. (C)
5. (ABD) 6. (ABCD)
7. (BD) 8. (BD)
9. (BC) 10. (ABC)
11. (AD) 12. (ACD)
13. 09.80 14. 04.00
15. 64.50 16. 16.40
17. 12.37 or 12.38
18. 14.28 or 14.29

BOBO-BA\Reliable\Adv.\Maths\Fundamentals of Mathematics\Eng\Ex -2,3 & SAP

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