Molecular Basis of Inheritance Tmporbent topics :- ~ role Of RNA is mmessempor , Ewans ev ANA ic Acid and Catalytic wea Cy RA) But not (4) Structuye of nuacteic Ac ne Gea een acre cb) Packaging of DMA «© pane. Rellated to Search of Genstic Living organic qmatenad (AI Why pwA is Gerofic rnaberia® Notes Jo se oat ovganicn DNA Is i 6 (eI DYARAHicton - Experiment fopmus JT TT at Ofte 70K Semiconseyvative Da Raplication ae at a er CF) DIVA RebUcation p rowss and RNA is vhs 4 - K3)-Teanscsiption unit and steps of transaption Dexit of Genatic mederieh 07 PHA C1 h) Post transcriptional modfi cation Soma. Ovganism = nected i Type of RA “f ai Bactrncrhags - Oxi Cae 4) - Featuy (virus) Genotic code ~ Sabients Feature rae Daag soMphat =O H Geratic code ynutation 0) Translation WY EM CRictena) = Uoxic®Bp pa Regulation of Gene Expression —lee Oper) Human = haploid 9 3-3X 10" BP cal Human Genome project é = Diploid > 6-6 x jot BP oO) DNA finger panting BP = Basepary —Basics - a Sthuchere of rucleic Acid — At the tons of monctele , the na ho Fachy which coutn® denatit basis ae ee = DNA and RWA +w0 nucloic Aad ~ Sn rest 100 your nat Ry SHOTS NL GaP s aap Ceotiae chain UF heubted) gente motes apas tmoatipded | ANE RNA Sings poly ructootida and finely Scientist Come in Conclusion 5 eee ae that DYA is genetic qaferial in rmgority — SO Fivst we nard to Liavn ee Ste ictaye Of polynudadide Chern of ovganisve ~ Aliheagh Run is genetic gnaberieh ‘in Some Be ee ees chain is mads uf of Unus ~ Fn Eukaryotic and otter Prrker yori colt 4erstic qnatental is DNA only 5 Concept Review:- 61 Gina datail of gentic mateich of lambds phage and E-coli 62 Whith haus Larger Genome, human colt oF E-ubi 03 Gevotic materia Ushich ic present in abl type of living tts “OU Which type of RNA is Adaptor and whith type of RNA hawt Catatytic Role mnof Inheritance Sructuve of poly nucleotidr Chaan Purine - IIS T amber doubt a6! ™ - ViNg [have 4 Nebogen y p Potala ubof many nudhotide ~ It OF Hoo type hain made Up ¢ 3 So, xnuileotide. = poly ruulentidg Aide nins 9 6-firninn paris Chain Guarino 42 Amine, 6 0x0 puting So, Fivet we reed fo learn about mubrotide ye Nucleotide hava —2 «gay heen J Sra thyer componont Sny7 is \ wel ogerenue Bacen y N13 97 SH Mhestink ov Phan 5 Nae 4 nite FDSgey Bah Dn and Rr heaaaguien Tbe dpe of Purina — Adavine aus ~ Pentose Suga, having Fuyen, N' os nl at C-6 of pure ving { Guarino haut Ketono at C-6 and Arno) « Pibos (im BA) Sate, " i 4 oe on cH) 5 Pyvimidins = 94 is Single ving with UNE Hit Both Carbon ¢ 5 LY RG ef thre type : oR > i ik Teh cats UAiaaim i Here ne Pre AEH Synth hea, In Ribose at c-2. Cayton OH 4 youl) preoy Pulte! ap Ketweatenz And in Deoxy nbase at c-2 i; Place HQ 7 to4 ; of CH only pyetent (Se Ono Orpen % eats y) . en is — Awinetiow ated 2,4 Dioxe 1uo Gy to sing @ Netwgnous Basen ir ws, pyre HS i. aie | e pele aas WMitvogen and Cavbon Grin 4 ge” om aaa ces, ea eno taining ving Compounc| Aapiter i ot — Teo tupe of Rings sel Concept Review:- 2 5-mathy? vraa is anothey HOM RNA Ribor Dffey foom Dwn namo Denny ndow, > Name threr pyrimidina anc 2 Fn mbeostor formulaa of Ribors Diferena WICK tyo pracent in RNA with Deory abuse is 7 J Compare Purina with pyrinidone = Chamiod name of Adening & Gurning‘Molecular Basis of inheritance Go tas bas Re aarnceneel MB Nuleoside form Adenosine Gnd whon doony ribose get link Jot Luith Adeni hot * Nitogenoue Base get link +o Supr By nine than deoxy adkwosina Ne Glyeeid’c Linkage to Foam Nets [ Nucleotide } | . Redloside = WB + Sager] Spay 9-6 when link to phogheR ee (Wuddeosicle ~ Sugar Both Ribose and Deory rok get a ce ee one Link 40 NB By C-1 Carton of Suga $n DUR, mitrogenous Base— A, TH $n ROA, nitwogenous Basen, A,Uy 4,6 Gn pla of Uradl , imDwA thymine Present Cl of Suger Link 0 Ng of purine (8) Stas Sea liat ons _ C-C Of Sagar link to Wi Of pgtimidins | ree sphate Can ge © i oC Adesihe Ng link to, Phosphate ov ox liao ~ - } pe a 4 = yorPoen Phosperic Fie} r 3 nN, mw Leogida Foom having ~ OT of ‘i Guanosint ° N-Gliysosidic. Lin keg ft cey ite ae . ©)— cytosine Link 401 by Wr of Ke 1 Catotin® to Fem Nuduasde e " Ctosns is Wibrogenous Base eM And Gptidina 1 ryutaosids Posty in feosis ___- "8 end of Sugar = Suqay haus OM(Aolal) Group ee React to acid of Prosphrk than phesphoesiay Bond Fow wo -P non tte s by} @ " Phasphordey 9 (a aoe : GMP- Guanosine mone phaiphalt Concept Review:- e When Deoryinbor Uinllad 1 Adenine + Which carbon of Ribose get Linked to Ahan vuaoside Form it N°B to Form NuWeosida ~ GI stype Of Bond Precent iw * When Ribose linked to cytotine than — dewmyenliding is — Bond which fom isMolecular Basis =n Git one move Phasphale canbe Untad —“DimutGaotide — We cam (ink tan this time bond is Phospho anhydride nuWeotide, Every fims two rutboti et wah oda. 2 Which is im tiphesphate fown Come tod Ho -?4 lec ik ~they and det (inked oe 4 Ex. ATP Gan be Linked to 4TP OM on e) 1 na ee are e § ob oem > fe, ho! MAMOKE MONO -o7 ’ ‘ ‘ mine Phos | ‘prosphe Kt ae View # ay, } pha eye Bey ates eka Sg i ° ee ron MINGUS fas nestyensisc e Ree on On linkage ° a i fs + eR Dia, oo ptinn f-8 -f-O7 Te Guanosina Di PhosphaR= Now OMB" a Cin Move Phosphele Gn besilinted’ to FO HN Guanosias hi phosphate sThstoo phate ont! on ° 3 fos at Femous : 5 yo-P- o-P ~eghee tn 4 ao hen on Of Phosphale Sate ba) ow Jeena seon(aeohae) of Sujay am phospho 3 Another Phosphoecter Bend Shinde 7 Fs one phosphoester Bond was u_____—— already present another Form S° GTP CGuanesinetri phosphar. 1” eis Bags nates 9n TP Utyge ee Thosthecatey oD (Blo y+" @-O- es DPlosproestey “s ae (DPhesphoanhydAd® 7 Hie ener Phosphovtes— f om a @ eee! podieaen wae fee | Pele Gage eas Sinnlarly we Can foum any type of — Phesrietitey ae gucleotide Like 4 Ct ~ Cyfidint mono phosphate oka ANL- Adenosine Di Phosphue ie ae 1 AGTP- deony Guanosine tiphosphate — Se,foo nucleotide ae Uinped BY 45 phosphodiester” linkage Concept Review:- > Bond Blu CTP and GTP is — Bond precentin GMP is —__ and 9: 4s Phesphodiesley Linkage Con = Which joo Benda OF CTP is HighEnengy OE Piesenkin ATP. NO Bond ~ As GTP can get linked to CMP [°° ¢) phosplicesley Bond Precemt (need iesiet Linked eth Blo CTP is a By-Taruw SigMolecular Basis of inheritance 3 ame ‘Poly nye otide Cham Sn DwA Tao polyrusleotide Chin in fre Pe iipliecraiccctidyet Unted cieican Or Raligemieie sD iRtoes tide ard Another ¥—s' ‘also Uinksd many MaQeotide By ee ena Phosphodietey Linkag’ : iene backbone is J? PolynucLeoticle means — 79x nuckeotice Present and vitorgenous (inked By Phosphocieday” Becoute (hoe oes ce linkege ) Ua” 3 Nv —Teoo chain in Yeadity helix form } s oF? £ —This ic polynueGeotida And Form «B-type DNA ER ete Che in which _? conan ~ Each yuiteotide tink te 4 rs zg me ‘ ae a Sephesphe Listens Bly twoBece a stellt aN PAY = 0-4 nm oan | Sfne: J mleotide's ones Th this AX T Present on M1 then Linkage & ia Eg > Press Chain is Enoun cae Rn Oe ee = tke aie es BE cleat asters 2a CE hava send of Sega F Crush = 10 Bp Bae pair) [B type 2 on Lath onn Phocphate 7 2A Right hanced wie DNA =o u aan Aydip« 4 ge sis Gnotherend have on, Aes a ieee a aS lo = O° Sowa Comp suger Pe Ree 4K a ae In Any Double stranded DA aba ‘ A Linked to T By too H-Bond an 4 linted to CaBy three H- Lond Wis phspnyleotide Chen have Sa qn ae OF pbarina €7 ual to Ahyminy Phosphate backbone and having GL Plmciety) eg OF Guanine Equal 4o ak ont end end 2-011 at Anothoy ond ae —Wibrjenoue Baces projected inside a ee mune of Concept Review:- 1Fn 4 (00 Bp DA tot no-d) nuulaotile is Ina j00 nudeotits Chain haug 4 In 4200 Bp DIA tote hod mahsy rumber of Phosphodiecley Gukge Bond ‘is eae ess: ss 7-Gn 4 DA if number of A is 00 and i) an DNs number of PolynyiDeotide chem DyA haus 300 Bp than a : 2 n (008p DWA tf Gis 30 than total udogen Bond ic By-Tarow SigMolecular Basis of inheritance ; ra} And also posub moda of DHA PabdicatOn | G edited is oth Strand OY | DNA as Acidic Substance Present in nulout eH be iis eh ee ie eh I cdanriift i 7 lvyylactid® Chan Act a temp’ | Te Seaver gyntha ged 07 Hearn) <—Diaoery of DYA > new Strand Can be Neey= 1869 Gua name—nudloin ; ; ea oe Both cheand sebwde | —DNA proper shuctuvad detail? camein A T 13 59 \| 1453 (By watson Crick) at To Le 46 tr OE Why such long timer fis iH ioas Diuttto S41 WA G4 24 th ts | stale DA ‘im intact Fovr ee ans | 2 1953~Watson Crick work was Based on “This Buth 2 ultras COK-Yey Diffuction date Procluce By shandAetas gay Teinplale Maurice wilking and Rosalind Fxanklin template Fo¥ teand PAC7Charpff wile proposition”aic hetBrim » Sumtoesis of new wation Crick model Finding p Strand Pe e chargaff vale 5 Sdient Feature of Dor — Ratiog Bebweon Adenine and thyming ; and Guanine and Gyfosma te @4tis made Of two poly nutbesti de Choirs praerialerto io 9° Con rel bat Kish s constituled Sugayphosphate , and Bae project insida (D0 chan fur Arti parle polarity it waa, Hone chain has tho polarity sat the other hes 4-3 OTe Brees in foo strands ave parred +thaough hydrogen Bond (H-Bonds) farming base pais (Bp) Adenine form tuo H-Bond with thywina from opposite Strand and Via-versa: —Due toB ay ji Similarly Guarins is bonded eoith Cytesms Rien a Pers 1 Polynucleotide — pith thyes H- Conde As a vesult, Alioays oe & Oniqus Property Fnounds a “PUTiva Comes opposite to a Pynmidins mblimentery This generates Apron: Uniform Disten er And dus to this property if we Grow Seivonte Of Ore chain otvey Gn be predicted Concept Review:- |! By-Tarow Sig haa Stucture BSingle strand Dyf ov RwA nok fotlow? Chargaff Yule © Hellmarks ov main point of Hholy PrEposition Loas = Base parving (watson Crick)‘Molecular Basis of inheritance G Kav) Tha two cheuns ave coiled ina Vight handed vinus which Show Reuerse transuniption | fashion The pitch of tha helix isa¥nm — a%e eter Girne — have RUA Zenorra Gnd there ave yougn2y (OBp in fach turn Thay haus ane ae ae ; whith is RNA om INA Poly mera Conseqrenty the distance Between a Bp ina Ohh is Oe helix is approximately equet to 0-34 nut kv) The plane of one Base pair” Stacks Exdtre Data (not in CERT) Over the other in Double helix This in — xanthine is product of deaminationsh Addition +0 H-Bonds , Confers Stubitity € Guanine and ttyponanthin is PRAM OF the heLiea? chuchre- Aearimation of Adenine = Kanthin, Hypoxanthin € OAC Aad atk aie PR Purine [ Central doging ] =Gn-oyA Exch strend appeay Like felical Harycase at Exch step of ~ This Giver how Genetic wba tion flow ASenky, the Strand turns 36° 7 Going OYGani Sn = Dre Ful firn ~ to Steps 0” Proposed By Crek base pars | - — Vik pey base parys —34A | O34 nm Fepree Dats Stille Mat aa Mnereddanter— oie eer (formation Flos Grom Dp 5 ss aie Hp idee eas AS Se _WnMhor FOUR — Nar Shalhy Transiption : ape of Bion Dn ton Trmletion 5g A> Werle 9 Right handed ei? — Br JoBrliun —Right handed voi Mpietion oe, ELT Mer ten Right hanced coi? [DIA ReHicstion— Temblete ~Did, Dai pelynaratc 2B pe anced cit Setonplete name=Du Dependant Drom Paymerae — PseRatioy AAT _, wot chargff rule > Transcription terpplete prog 7 Enspa~ RIOR Gc his Bae Yatio Socomble® age > Polymeieh amove dC stable is OVA A Defrerdent WA polymere Bare atic Constant For specier Jn some Riva virus — . eh +) Otury : “Reverse beanscription ~ Human—moye than | ah TFeanscnption Translation = Archasbacteria loss than | — Move ot Fy ERE > Ron eS" Protein oe stegans viption Concept Review:-‘Molecular Basis of Inheritance °, 12 Packaaing of DYA Helix PackAaaing In xKeryotes = —Distanee Blo to0 Base pary ic 0-34 nm © In Eakaryotes, Ovganization is move Complex than prokaryotes ~ GF eve nally O-44 nm wsith Buce Pao © 4. rat ante | Wwe Gn obtain length of Dw % Cte phate ‘ . Examble = © = s. - DwA is present ‘im chromatin b DanaX Gp leng Ha a) ana EwoG = WEXO Be XOBYNMm= 1 SEMI — Mephase 4 Dw is Prefent in ChrDImKomd Human Hap loid ued = 3.3 xi'gp xo34= Im Form : —Se, DWA in Different phase iS Condemed Dipleid ue =64 n Different phase 1S iP OKI Bp XO34Y= 22m to DiFvent inch. nce seotk cout In Proker yotic cole Sly of ce2R is im miczomeby Form is Chromosome ‘tm water haée 4nd length of dwn i +o ri in Wiitlimeter SoDWA Ted Ho. BRA ic Packaged St is Packaged with the hb of PRA of lengtn 2-2. ele Histone Proteins at imitia® (evelend In Eukeryoric cate 15 [Cept in size Of nucleus jg-é So Roth meter aE bitter ushsto inthe help of DUR asd Kerpehe and Baker ytic ete? men-Hishore Chromosema? protein pan OF Packaged fo teep it 1 Use a Histones— cunthesis oveay S-phase | Rac Keng in Packer yates F ete? _ Sn prekeryoti Dw iskept without > Charge positive ov Basic protein By ice (olga well inet Du itr of Basic Anime uous) % © Acid — bigins. ang Aygining (Goth hau — DNA is net Scattered throughout oe Extea Brine giop in cide cham) it is kept with the help of some Basic ee Preteen (Roskne Gergs Prat is= Parnas) MF oe. Cre = DNA panier 'm Region of nudleoid which Outef i Th ; Is OWGanited im lavge Loops helA By proten 7 which U type (tA, HaBiKyt Hy) gle: eee Dygarised to Form Octamey Debil oP Prekaryotic DwA-Daubte stranded > Cvaday gl, Thisis octamey wih F Considerecl as haploid F Histono of 4 type = lonsidleved 45 singee Chromosome, = (Exch tape cortn two 9 Histonos Abse ut in ! Concept Review:- - what is lorgth of haploid cent DAM — In cohich phase Dra is most condensed 1 human in Eukavyotes Te Rime Feds ae present in Abandon | — Whids Histone is net part of OCtiimey