2.

REAL NUMBER SYSTEM

O
B
J • Identify and classify the subsets of real
E numbers.
C
• Compare real numbers.
T
I • Perform indicated operations on series
V of numbers.
E
S
 POSTIVE

The Real Number System

INTEGERS (𝒁+ ) /

The natural or
counting numbers.
4, 7, 21, 25, 98
INTEGERS (Z)
RATIONAL
NUMBER (Q) The integers consist of
the natural numbers, 0, ZERO (0)
REAL NUMBERS Any number can
and the opposites of
(ℝ) be put in the form
𝑝 the natural numbers.
where p and q −4, −3, −2, −1, 0, 4, 7,
𝑞
A real number is are integers and 21, 25, 98 NEGATIVE
either a rational q≠0. INTEGERS (𝒁− )
number or an 12 5 1 8
3, - , − , 4 ,
. irrational −4, −3, −2, −1
6 2 7 13
number.
4, -7, 0, 23, 11,
12 5
3, - , − , 4 ,
1 8
, IRRATIONAL TERMINATING
6 2 7 13
3 NUMBERS ( Q’) DECIMALS 1 1 1
13, 7, 0.131234 …
4, 7, 21, 25,98 ( i.e. Fractions) , ,
2 8 10
An irrational number
is a non-repeating, Are classified as
non-terminating fractions and may be
decimal. either terminating or NON-
TERMINATING
3
2 𝜋, 13 − 7, 0.131234 … ,
repeating/non-
terminating decimals. 1 12
1 5 3 , ,
,− ,8
2 4 7 3 93
Name the subsets of real numbers.
Give at least 3 examples.
 Determine which numbers in the set
𝟏 𝟓
{ -15, - 𝟏𝟏, -7,- 𝟖 , 0 , 𝟏𝟕 , 𝟖 , 𝛑 , 11}

1. natural numbers
{11}
2. whole numbers
{0 , 11}
. 3. Integers
{ -15, -7, 0 , 11}
4. rational numbers
𝟏 𝟓
{ -15, -7,- , 0 , , 11}
𝟖 𝟏𝟕
5. irrational numbers
{- 𝟏𝟏, 𝟖 , 𝛑}
 Absolute Value
The absolute value of real number is its
magnitude or distance between the origin and
the point representing the real number on the
real number line.
If a is real number , then the absolute
value of a is :
. |a| = a, if a ≥ 0
- a, if a < 0
Find the absolute value.
1. | -20| = 20
2. |20| =20
3. |4.5|= 4.5
4. - | -20| = - (20) = -20
 Comparing Real Numbers
Place the appropriate symbol (>, < or =)
between the pair of real numbers.

1) 25 ____ 5
.
2) 14.9 ____ 8 .13 + 6.02
3) 11 ____ 144
4) | − 15| ____ | 15|
5) −|21| ____ -| 21|
 Tell whether the following numbers are rational or
irrational.
1
E 1) 8 6) 𝜋
X 2) 4.9 7) 1.13 + 3.02
E
R 3) 19 8) 121
C 25
I 4) 18.03 9)
35
S
E 5) 49 10) 27
S
 Place the appropriate symbol (>, < or =)
between the pair of real numbers.
2
E 1) 8 ____ 𝜋
X 2) 24.9 ____ 12.13 + 12.02
E
R 3) −19 ____ 121
C 25
I 4) 18.03____
35
S
E 5) | − 45| ____ |45|
S
 Determine which numbers in the set
𝟏𝟏 𝟑
{ -9, 3 𝟏𝟓, -20,- 𝟓 , -1 , 𝟕 , 𝟏𝟐 , 31}
3
1. natural numbers
E
X
2. whole numbers
E
R 3. Integers
C
I 4. rational numbers
S
E 5. irrational numbers
S
 Use the Venn diagram to show

E relationship among the subsets of

X real numbers.
E
R
C
I
S
E
S
 Use the Venn diagram to show relationship among the
subsets of real numbers.
E
X
E
R
C
I
S
E
S
 3. PROPERTIES OF REAL
O
B
NUMBERS
J • Enumerate the real number properties.
E
• Identify and apply the properties of real
C
numbers in the given exercises.
T
I
V
E
S

STRICTLY FOR PERSONAL AND CLASSROOM USE ONLY. Credits are due for the authors ..
 3 PROPERTIES OF REAL NUMBERS
DEFINITION EXAMPLE
Let a, b, and c are real numbers, variables, or algebraic
expressions.

Closure a + b is a real number. 5 + 10.5 = 15.5

Property of
. Addition The sum of any two real 5 and 10.5 are real numbers.
(ClPA) numbers is a real number. 15.5 is also a real number.

Closure ab is a real number. (5) (10.5) =52.5

Property of
Multiplication The product of any two real 5 and 10,5 are real numbers.
(ClPM) numbers is a real number. 52. 5 is also a real number.
 3 PROPERTIES OF REAL NUMBERS
DEFINITION EXAMPLE
Let a, b, and c are real numbers, variables, or algebraic
expressions.

Commutative a+b=b+a 12 + 16 = 16 +12

Property of If two real numbers are 28 = 28
. Addition added, order that does not
(CPA) affect the sum. 5x + x 2 = x 2 + 5x

a b = ba 12 ∙ 16 = 16 ∙12
Commutative
If two real numbers are 192 = 192
Property of
multiplied, order that
Multiplication
(CPM) does not affect the (5 – m) m2 = m2 (5
product. – m)
 3 PROPERTIES OF REAL NUMBERS
DEFINITION EXAMPLE
Let a, b, and c are real numbers, variables, or algebraic
expressions.

(a+ b) + c = a + (b + c)
Associative
(9+ 8)+12 =9+(8 + 12)
Property of
If three real numbers are 17 + 12 = 9 + 20
. Addition
added, the grouping does 29 = 29
(APA)
not affect the sum.

(a b) c = a (b c)
Associative (9∙ 8)∙12 =9∙(8 ∙ 12)
Property of If three real numbers are
72∙12 = 9∙96
Multiplication multiplied, the grouping
(APM) 864 = 864
does not affect the
product.
 3 PROPERTIES OF REAL NUMBERS
DEFINITION EXAMPLE
Let a, b, and c are real numbers, variables, or algebraic
expressions.

Distributive a (b + c) = ab + ac 9( 5 + 8)= 9 ∙ 5 + 9 ∙ 8
Property of = 45 + 72
. Addition Multiplication distributes = 117
(DPA) over addition
 3 PROPERTIES OF REAL NUMBERS
DEFINITION EXAMPLE
Let a, b, and c are real numbers, variables, or algebraic
expressions.

Identity a+0=a
23 + 0 = 23
Property of
0 + 98 = 98
Addition Any number added to zero
. (IPA) is the number itself.

Identity a∙1=a
Property of 23 ∙ 1 = 23
Multiplication Any number multiplied to 1 1 ∙ 98 = 98
(IPM) is the number itself.
 3 PROPERTIES OF REAL NUMBERS
DEFINITION EXAMPLE
Let a, b, and c are real numbers, variables, or algebraic
expressions.
a + (- a) = 0
Inverse
23 + (-23) = 0
Property of
The sum of a number and its (-98) + 98 = 0
Addition
additive inverse (opposite)
. (InPA)
is zero.

𝟏
a+(𝐚)=1
Inverse 𝟏
Property of 23 ∙ 𝟐𝟑 = 1
Multiplication The product of a number 𝟏
∙ 98 = 1
(InPM) and its additive inverse 𝟗𝟖
(reciprocal) is 1.
 Identify real number property that justifies each
statement.

4 1. 𝟐𝟓 + 𝟖 = 𝟖 + 𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟓
6. 𝟎 + 𝟑𝟕 = 𝟑𝟕
E
X 2. 𝟏𝟎 𝟖 + 𝟑 =
𝟏𝟎 ∙ 𝟖 + 𝟏𝟎 ∙ 𝟑 7.
𝟏
E 𝟐𝟎𝟑 ∙ 𝟐𝟎𝟑 = 𝟏
R 3. 𝟏𝟎 ∙ 𝟏𝟓 ∙ 𝟑 =
(𝟏𝟎 ∙ 𝟏𝟓) ∙ 𝟑 8. 𝟏𝟐 𝟎𝟎𝟓 𝟏 = 𝟏𝟐 𝟎𝟎𝟓
C
I 4. 𝟏𝟎𝟓 + −𝟏𝟎𝟓 = 𝟎 9. 𝟏𝟎 ∙ 𝟏𝟐 + 𝟖
S
5. 𝟏𝟐𝟏 ∙ 𝟑𝟗 = 𝟑𝟗 ∙ 𝟏𝟐𝟏 = 𝟏𝟎(𝟏𝟐 + 𝟖)
E
S 10. 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟐. 𝟓
 Rewrite the given expression using the given
property of real numbers.
E 1. 𝟐𝟏(𝐩 + 𝐪) (DPA) 6. 𝐯+𝟎 (IPA)
X
E 2. 𝐛𝟓 𝐜 (CPM) 7. (𝟐𝟓 ∙ 𝟓) ∙ 𝟏𝟎 (APM)
R
C 3. 𝟏𝟓 + 𝟑𝟎 (CPA) 8. 𝟗∙𝟏 (IPM)
I
S 4. 𝐩 + ( 𝐪 + 𝐫) (APA) 𝟏
9. 𝟐𝟓 ∙ 𝟐𝟓 (InPM)
E
S 5. 𝟕+ 𝐲 𝟓 (DPA)
10. 𝟐𝟎𝟑 + (−𝟐𝟎𝟑) (InPA)
H
O
Give a real life example using the
M
E real number properties.
W
O
R
K
 Arellano, Elvira L. et. al (2010). Fundamentals of
Mathematics 1. Lorimar Publishing, Inc. Quezon City,
R Philippines
McKeague, Charles P. (2010). Basic Mathematics
E 7th ed. Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning. USA
F Ymas Jr., Sergio E. et al (2012). College Algebra
E with Recreational Mathematics. Sta. Monica Printing
Corp., Sampaloc, Manila
R Bohart, Jenifer et al (2013). Introductory Algebra:
E Students Workbook. Scottsdale Community College
N Larson , Ron (2011). Precalculus 8ed. Brooks/ Cole
Cengage Learning. USA
C
E
S

STRICTLY FOR PERSONAL AND CLASSROOM USE ONLY. Credits are due for the authors ..
Thank you!
Thank you!
Thank you!
STRICTLY FOR PERSONAL AND CLASSROOM USE ONLY. Credits are due for the authors ..