Sa CHAPTER 5 Forces on Submerged Curved Areas ‘The submerged, curved surface AB in Fig. 5-1a is one-quarter of a circle of radius 4 ft. The tank’s length (stance perpendicular to the plane of the figure) is 6 ft. Find the horizontal and vertical components of the total resultant force acting on the curved surface and their locations. I The horizontal component of the total resultant force acting on the curved surface is equal to the total resultant force, Fy, acting on the vertical projection of curved surface AB (i.e., BF in Fig. 5-1b). This projection is a rectangle 6 ft long and 4 ft high. For the portion of F, resulting from horizontal pressure of BHEF in Fig. ‘5-1b, p: = (8)(62.4) = 499 Ib/ft*, A = (6)(4) = 24 ft”, F; = (499)(24) = 11 980 1b. For the portion of F, resulting from horizontal pressure of HGE in Fig. 5-1b, p2= (62.4)[(0 + 4)/2] = 125 Ib/ft?, F; = (125)(24) = 3000 Ib; Fy = F, + F= 11 980 + 3000 = 14 980 Ib. The vertical component of the total resultant force acting on the curved surface is equal to the weight of the volume of water vertically above curved surface AB. This volume consists of a rectangular area (AFCD in Fig. S-1c) 4 ft by 8 ft and a quarter-circular area (A BF in Fig. 5-Ic) of radius 4 ft, both areas being 6 ft long. This volume (V) is V = [(4)(8) + (2t)(4)*/4](6) = 267.4 ft, F = weight of water in V = (267.4)(62.4) = 16 650 Ib. The location of the horizontal component (F,) is along a (horizontal) through the center of pressure for the vertical projection (j.e., the center of gravity of EFBG in Fig. 5-1b). This can be determined by equating the sum of the moments of F, and F, about point C to the moment of Fy about the same point. (11 980)(8 + $) + (3000)[8 + (3)(4)] = 14 980h.,, ny = 10.13 ft. (This is the depth from the water surface to the location of the horizontal component. Stated another way, the horizontal component acts at a distance of 12 - 10.13, or 1.87 ft above point B in Fig. 5-1b.) The location of the vertical component (Fy) is Fig. 5-1(a) Ty Fig. 5-1(6) Fig. 5-1(¢)86 0 CHAPTER 5 52 53 along a (vertical) line through the center of gravity of the liquid volume vertically above surface AB (i.e., the center of gravity of ABCD in Fig. 5-Ic). This can be determined by referring to Fig. 5-Ic and equating the sum of the moments of the rectangular area (AFCD in Fig. 5-1c) and of the quarter-circular area (ABF in Fig. 5-1c) about a vertical line through point B to the moment of the total area about the same line. (x)[(8)(4) + ()(4)7/4] = [(8)(4)]() + (()(4)7/4]1(4)(4)/Bx)], x = 1.91 ft. (This is the distance from point B to the line of action of the vertical component.) Solve Prob. 5.1 for the same given conditions except that water is on the other side of curved surface AB, as shown in Fig. 5-2. I If necessary, refer to the solution of Prob. 5.1 for a more detailed explanation of the general procedure for solving this type of problem. p = Pag (7){(hs + h)/2] = (62.4)[(8-+ 12)/2] = 624 Ib/ft?, A= (6)(4) = 24 ft, Fir= pA = (624)(24) = 14 980 Ib. The vertical component (F,) is equal to the weight of the imaginary volume of water vertically above surface AB. Hence, Fy = {(4)(8) + (2)(4)"/4](6)(62.4) = 16 690 Ib. The location of the horizontal component is 10.13 ft below the water surface (same as in Prob. 5.1 except that Fy acts toward the left). The location of the vertical component is 1.91 ft from point B (same as in Prob. 5.1 except that Fy acts upward). v Fig. 5-2 ‘The submerged sector gate AB shown in Fig. 5-3a is one-sixth of a circle of radius 6 m. The length of the gate is 10m, Determine the amount and location of the horizontal and vertical components of the total resultant force acting on the gate. I if necessary, refer to the solution of Prob. 5.1 for a more detailed explanation of the general procedure for solving this type of problem. Refer to Fig. 5-38. Fy, = yh = (9.79){(0 + 5.196)/2][(10)(5.196)] = 1322 kN, Areaasc = af¢aqcap + af€ppo~ afeaago = (5.196)(3) + (3.000)(5.196)/2 — (x)(6)*/6= 4.532 m*, Fy = (areagnc)(length of gate)(y) = (4.532)(10)(9.79) = 444 kN. The location of the horizontal component (Fr) is along a (horizontal) line 5.196/3, or 1.732m above the bottom of the gate (A). The location of the vertical ‘component (F,) is along a (vertical) line through the center of gravity of section ABC. Taking area moments moa Aa 4,532x = [(5.196)(3)](2) + [(4)(3.000)(5.196)](3 + 3.000/3) — [(2r)(6)"/6]{6 — [cos (60°/2)](2)(6)/}, + =0.842m.58 FORCES ON SUBMERGED CURVED AREAS J 87 6 cos 60° = 3.000 m Fig. 5-3(6) ‘The curved surface AB shown in Fig. 5-4a is a quarter of a circle of radius 5 ft. Determine, for an 8-ft length perpendicular to the paper, the amount and location of the horizontal and vertical components of the total resultant force acting on surface AB. I Ifnecessary, refer to the solution of Prob. 5.1 for a more detailed explanation of the general procedure for solving this type of problem. Refer to Fig. 5-4b. Fy = yhA = (62.4)[(0 + 5)/2][(5)(8)] = 6240 Ib, areaax ateascen ~ afeaanc = (5)(5) ~ (27)(5)7/4 = 5.365 ft*, Fy = (areaann)(length)(y) = (5.365)(8)(62.4) = 2678 Ib. Fis located at §, or 1.67 ft above C. F, is located at x from line AD. 5.365x = [(5)(5)](3) — [OILS — ))/Ga)), x = 1.12 ft. Fig. 5-4(a) Determine the value and location of the horizontal and vertical components of the force due to water acting on curved surface AB in Fig. 5-5, per foot of its length. I Ifnecessary, refer to the solution of Prob. 5.1 for a more detailed explanation of the general procedure for solving this type of problem. Fi, = yhA = (62.4)[(0 + 6)/2][(6)(1)] = 1123 1b, F, = (area)(length)(y) = exons 4) = 1764 Ib. Fy is located at (3)(6), or 4.00 t below C. F; is located at the center of gravity ‘of area ABC, or distance x from line CB. x = 4r/(3zx) = (4)(6)/(3x) = 2.55 ft. ‘The 6-ft-diameter cylinder in Fig. 5-6 weighs 5000 Ib and is 5 ft long. Determine the reactions at A and B, neglecting friction,(1/3)(5) = 1.67 ft Fig. 5-5 I The reaction at A is due to the horizontal component of the liquid force acting on the cylinder (Fy). Fy = yhA = [(0.800)(62.4)][(0 + 6)/2]{(3 + 3)(5)] = 4493 1b. F, acts to the right; hence, the reaction at A is 4493 Ib to the left. The reaction at B is the algebraic sum of the weight of the cylinder and the net vertical it ofthe force due to the liquid. (F,)up= (arearcompe)(length)(y), (Fy )inwn = (areaecoe)(length)(), Fodanr= (Fedap~ (Fe aren = (8t€@conne)(tengthy( y) = [()(3)72(3) (0.800) (62.4)} = 3529 Tb (upward). The reaction at B is 5000 ~ 3529, or 1471 Ib upward.ere FORCES ON SUBMERGED CURVED AREAS J 89 57 Referring to Fig. 5-7, determine the horizontal and vertical forces due to the water acting on the cylinder per foot of its length. ! (Fideoa= 62.4 (4 + (4 + 4.24 + 0.88))/2}{(2.12 + 3)(1)] = 2096 Ib (Fudan = (62.4){[(4 + 4.24) + (4-4 4.24 + 0.88)]/2}[(0.88)(1)] = 477 1b (Fu)net = (Fa)coa — (Fan = 2096 — 477 = 1619 Ib (right) (Fr)pas — (Fv)oc = weight of volumep,aren — weight of volume pecan = weight of volumepasrcco weight of (rectanglecnc + trianglecr» + semicirclecoas) 162.4f(4)(4.24) + (4.24)(4.24)/2 + ()(3)*/2](1) = 2501 Ib (upward) Fig. 5-7 58 InFig. 5-8, an 8-ft-diameter cylinder plugs a rectangular hole in a tank that is 3 ft long. With what force is the cylinder pressed against the bottom of the tank due to the 9-ft depth of water? ' (Fide = Fy ope ~ (Fr)ca~ (Fr )ae = 62.4[(4 + 4)(7) ~ (a (49/218) — 2.4{(7)(0.54) + (3)(#)(4)* — (2)G.46)/213) — 62.4[(7(0.54) + (38)(a1)(4)? - (2)(3.46)/2](3) = 4090 Ib (downward) 59 InFig. 5-9, the 8-ft-diameter cylinder weighs 500 Ib and rests on the bottom of a tank that is 3 ft long. Water and oil are poured into the left- and right-hand portions of the tank to depths of 2 ft and 4 ft, respectively. Find the magnitudes of the horizontal and vertical components of the force that will keep the cylinder touching the tank at B. F Fn)oer = (Fx)an — (Ft)en = [(0.750)(62.4)][(0 + 4)/2][(4)(3)] — (62.4)[(0 + 2)/2]1(2)()] = 749 Ib (left) (Fuonr= (Fran + (Fr Jen = {(0-750)(62.4)}{()(4)7/4](3) + (62-4)|(S8)(")(4)? — (2)(VI2)/21(3) = 2684 Ib (upward) ‘The components to hold the cylinder in place are 749 Ib to the right and 2684 ~ 500, or 2184 Ib down.90 2 CHAPTER 5 5.10 Su Fig. 5.9 ‘The half-conical buttress ABE shown in Fig. 5-10 is used to support a half-cylindrical tower ABCD. Calculate the horizontal and vertical components of the force due to water acting on the buttress. ' Fir = YhiegA = (62.4)(3 + $)[(6)(2 + 2)/2] = 3744 Ib (right) Fy = weight of (imaginary) volume of water above curved surface = (62.4)[)O)()2)°/3 + A(*)(2P(3)] = 1960 Ib (up) E Fig, 5-10 ‘A dam has a parabolic shape z = zo(x/%0)*, a8 shown in Fig. 5-11a, The fluid is water and atmospheric pressure may be neglected. If xo = 10 ft and z = 24 ft, compute forces Fy, and F, on the dam and the position c.p. where they act. The width of the dam is 50 t. WF = yhA = 62.4{(24 + 0)/2]{(24)(50)] = 898 600 Ib. The location of Fy is along a (horizontal) line %, or 8.00 ft above the bottom of the dam. F, = (areaa.»)(width of dam)(y). (See Fig. 5-11b.) Areaean = 2t0Za/3= (2)(10)(24)/3 = 160 ft, F, = (160)(50)(62.4) = 499 200 Ib. The location of Fy is along a (vertical) line through the center of gravity of areayap. From Fig. 5-11b, x = 34o/8 = (3)(10)/8 = 3.75 ft, z = 3z0/5 = (3)(24)/5 = 14.4 ft, Fenn = V499 300" +898 600 = 1028 00 Ib. As sen in Fig, 5-11C, Fan acts down and to the right at an angle of arctan (499 200/898 600), of 29.1°. Frsstan passes through the point (x, 2) = (3.75 ft, 8 ft). If we move down alone the 29.1° line until we strike the dam, we find an equivalent center of pressure on the dam at x= 5.43 ft and z = 7.07 ft. This definition of c.p. is rather artificial, but this is an unavoidable complication of dealing with a curved surface. Fig. 5-11(a) Fig. 5-11(6)saa $3 FORCES ON SUBMERGED CURVED AREAS J 91 Fresuttent = 15228,02 Ib e acts along z = 10.083 ~ 0.5555 2a? Parsbola2 = 68,6006 an ° 543.0 Fig. 5-11(c) ‘The canal shown in cross section in Fig. 5-12a runs 40 m into the paper. Determine the horizontal and vertical components of the hydrostatic force against the quarter-circle wall and the point c.p. where the resultant strikes the wall. I Fy = yhA =9.79{(18 + 0)/2][(18)(40)] = 63 439 KN. The location of Fy is along a (horizontal) line, or 6.00 m above the bottom of the wall. F, = 9.79{(40)(z)(18)?/4] = 99 650 kN. The location of F, is along a (vertical) line through the center of gravity of areaoas. x = 4r/(3) = (4)(18)/(3) = 7.64 m, Fra = ‘V63.439" + 99 650" = 118 130 KN. AS seen in Fig. 5-126, Frenne acts down and to the right at an angle of arctan (99.650/63 439), oF 57.5°. Freunane Passes through the point (x, z)= (7.64 m, 6.00 m). If we move down along the 57.5° line until we strike the wall, we find an equivalent center of pressure at x = 8.33 m and z = 2.82m. Feessttast = 8,130 KN 99.650KN Fig. 5-12(@) Fig. 5-120) Gate AB in Fig. 5-13a is a quarter circle 8 ft wide into the paper. Find the force F just sufficient to prevent rotation about hinge B. Neglect the weight of the gate. TF, = yhA = 62.4[(7 + 0)/2][(7)(8)] = 12.230 Ib (left). The location of F, is along a (horizontal) line 3, or 2.333 ft above point B. (See Fig. 5-136.) Fy = F,- — 62.4{(8)()(7)7/4] = 24 461 — 19211 5250 Ib (up). The location of F, can be determined by taking moments about point B in Fi ‘5250x = (24 461)(3) — (19 211)[7 — (4)(7)/(32)], x = 1.564 ft. The forces acting on the gate are shown in Fig. 5-13c. E My = 0; 7F — (2.333)(12 230) — (1.564)(5250) = 0, F = 5249 Ib (down).92 0 CHAPTER 5 7 Rig. 5-13(a) 4x re 12.230 tb om $2501» Pree) i 5.14 Repeat Prob. 5.13 if the gate is steel weighing 3000 Ib. : I The weight of the gate acts at the center of gravity of the gate shown in Fig. 5-14. 2r/ = (2)(7)/ = 4.456 ft; Mp = 0. From Prob. 5.14, 7F — (2.333)(12 230) ~ (1.564)(5250) + (2000)(7 ~ 4.456) = 0, F = 41591b. 4000 Ib 5.15 Compute the horizontal and vertical components of the hydrostatic force on the quarter-circle face of the tank shown in Fig. 5-15a. ' Fig = YhtegA = 9.79[4 + $[()(7)] = 308 KN e R= R-F= (9.791 (1(1)5)] — (9.79){(7)(")(1V/4] = 289 KN (See Fig. 5-156.)FORCES ON SUBMERGED CURVED AREAS J 93 Fig. 5-15(6) $.16 Compute the horizontal and vertical components of the hydrostatic force on the hemispherical boulder shown in Fig. 5-16. ' a symmetry, Fy = 0, Fy =F — F, (see Fig. 5-16b). Fy = 62.4{()(3)'(12)} — (62.4)[4)3)(4)G)'] = 17643 1b. Lm rate L MED Fig. 5-16(a) SFE radius S-ft radius Fig. 5-16(6) 57 0.96) in Fig. 5-17 is under pressure, as shown by the manometer reading. Compute the ‘adius concavity in the bottom of the bottle. From aymmetry, Fy =0, pos + [O9(62-41 3) = [13 162. 3)= Po 70 pos = 309 I (ne) = PasAronon + weight of liquid below AA = 339[(x)i)/4] + (0.9662. BM aay /4]— (osngeSedenayiestm.94 0 CHAPTER 5 5.18 5.19 Half-cylinder ABC in Fig. 5-18a is 9ft wide into the paper. Calculate the net moment of the pressure forces on the body about point C. I From symmetry, the horizontal forces balance and produce no net moment about point C. (See Fig. 5-180.) F, — Fo= Fosoyancyotvoty anc = [(0.85)(62-4)]{(9)(2)(3)"/2] = 15 184 Ib, x = 4r/(322) = (4)(8)/(3x) = 1.910 ft, Me = (15 184)(1.910) = 29 001 Ib ft (clockwise). Fig. 5-18(0) ‘Compute the hydrostatic force and its line of action on semicylindrical indentation ABC in Fig. 5-19a per meter of width into the paper. 1 Fo = hogA = [(0.88)(9.79)](2 + 2 + 4)[(2.5)(1)] = 113.1 KN ele i (1)(2.5)°/12](sin 90°) 0 hg (2424+ 9125)0) ‘As demonstrated in Prob. 5.18, Fy = Feaoyac ottaty apc and it acts at 4r/(3z) from point C. Fy = [(0.88)(9.79)]{(1)(2)(48)°/2] = 21.14 KN, x = 4r/(32) )/ (3) = 0.531 m. The forces acting on the indentation are shown in Fig. 5-19b. ee SFR ea san. As shown in Fig. 5-196, Frrstan passes through point O and acts up and to the right at an angle of arctan (21.14/113.1), or 10.59°. 0.099 mFORCES ON SUBMERGED CURVED AREAS 1 95 Fluid s.g.-088 NBAKN < wen" Fig. 5-19(5) 520 Find the force on the conical plug in Fig. 5-20. Neglect the weight of the plug. ' Fy = PAvose + weight of water above cone = [(4.5)(144)]{(s)(1)?/4] + (62.4)[(4)(2)(1)7/4] — (62.4)[(4)(1.207)(")(1)?/4] = 685 tb pr4Sib/in® gage ac att aoe | ern | i hain Fig. 5-20 521 The hemispherical dome in Fig. 5-21 is filled with water and is attached to the floor by two diametrically ‘opposed bolts. What force in either bolt is required to hold the dome down, if the dome weighs 25 KN? i hi ight of (imaginary) water above the container . 79] (S + 1.5)(2)(1.5)?] — 9.79[(5)()(0.04)*/4] — 9.791(3)($)(2)(1-5)°] = 380.5 KN (up) net upward force on dome = 380.5 ~ 25 = 355.5 kN force per bolt = 355.5/2= 177-7 KN96 0 CHAPTER 5 Fig. 5-21 5.22 A 3-m-diameter water tank consists of two half-cylinders, each weighing 3.5 KN/m, bolted together as shown in Fig. 5-22a. If support of the end caps is neglected, determine the force induced in each bolt. I Sec Fig. 5-22b. Assuming the bottom half is properly supported, only the top half affects the bolt force. Pa= (9.79)(1.5 + 1) = 24.48 KN/m?; YF = prAs — 2Rox — Wargo ~ Weank nar = 0, 24.48[(3)(765)] — 2Reou = 9.79{(fio)(27)(1.5)?/2] — 3.5/4 =0, Ron = 4.42 KN. j Bolt spacing’ 25cm Fig. 5-22(a) Fig. 5-22(6) 5.23 The cylinder in Fig. 5-23a extends 5 ft into the paper. Compute the horizontal and vertical components of the pressure force on the cylinder. I See Fig, 5236. Note thatthe net horizontal force is based on the projected vertical area with depth AB. Fir= yhagA =62.4[(4 + 2.828)/2][(4 + 2.828)(5)] = 7273 Ib; Fy = equivalent weight of fluid in regions 1, 2, 3, and 4 = (62.4)(5)[(7)(4)"/2+ (2.828)(4) + (2.828)(2.828)/2 + (2)(4)?/8] = 14579 1b. Fig. 5-23(a) Fig. 5-23(0) 5.24 A3-ft-diameter log (s.g. = 0.82) divides two shallow ponds as shown in Fig. 5-24a. Compute the net vertical and horizontal reactions at point C, if the log is 12 ft long.FORCES ON SUBMERGED CURVED AREAS 97 IF = yhA. Figure 5-24b shows the forces acting on the log. (Fy), = 62.4{(0 + 3)/2]{(1.5 + 1.5)(12)]= 33701 (Fig)2 = 62.4f(0 + 1.5)/2]{(1.5)(12)] = 842 1b (Fe)x = 62.4[(12)()(1.5)°/2] = 2646 (Fy )a = 62.4[(12)()(1.5)?/4] = 1323 1b SA=0 3370-842-C,=0 CC, = 2528 lb (left) DH=0 — 2646+ 1323 - [(0.82)(62.4)[12(x)(L.S]+C,=0 CG, =371Ib (up) 9 Fae Fig. 5-24(a) Fig. 5-24(6) 525 The 1-m-diameter cylinder in Fig. 5-25a is 8 m long into the paper and rests in static equilibrium against a frictionless wall at point B. Compute the specific gravity of the cylinder. I See Fig. 5-25b. The wall reaction at B is purely horizontal. Then the log weight must exactly balance the vertical hydrostatic force, which equals the equivalent weight of water in the shaded area. Wig, = Fy = (9.79)(8)1@)(#)(0.5)° + (0.5)(0.5)] = 65.71 KN, Yiog = 65.71/[(8)(1)(0.5)'] = 10.46 KN/m’, 8.g. = 10.46/9.79 = 1 T QS PS ; Fig. 5-25(a) F20.5m Fig. 5-25(6) 5.26 The tank in Fig. 5-26a is 3 m wide into the paper. Neglecting atmospheric pressure, compute the hydrostatic horizontal, vertical, and resultant force on quarter-circle panel BC. Ty = yhgA = (9.79)(4 + D[5)(3)] = 954.5 kN, Fy = weight of water above panel BC = (9.79){(3)(5)(4)] + (9.79){(3)(21)(5)?/4] = 1164 KN, Fresatane = V954.5" + 1164? = 1505 KN. As seen in Fig. 5-266, Fresstant PA8SCS through point O and acts down and to the right at an angle of arctan (1164/954.5), or 50.6°. 1505kN Fig. 5-26(a) c Fig. 5-26(6)98 0 CHAPTER 5 5.27 — Gate AB in Fig. 5-27a'is a quarter circle 7 ft wide, hinged at B and resting against a smooth wall at A. Compute the reaction forces at A and B. we sin 8 _ -[((6)7/12)(sin 90°) ha G1- MOO] ‘Thus, F, acts at $ - 0.375, or 2.625 ft above point B. Fy = weight of seawater above gate AB = (4)ICAIYO)] ~ (64)(7){(-")(6}7/4] = 29 568 ~ 12.667 = 16 901 Ib. The location of F, can be determined by taking moments about point A in Fig. 5-27b. (29 568)($) — (12 667){(4)(6)/(3x)] = 16 01x, x = 3.340 ft. The forces acting on the gate are shown in Fig. 5-27c. TMe=0 —(21.504)(2.625) + (16 901)(6-3.340)~6A,=0 A, = 16901 1b DR=0 21504-B,-16901=0 —B, = 46031b D5=0 —By-16901=0 B= 16901 1b EB Fy = pha A= (64)(L1 - H[()()] = 21.504 1b Yep = 0.375 ft Seawater yeouth ite att A ott B Fig. 5-27(0) 6 tt 6fr Fy=16,901lb = 29,568 Ib F = 12.667 Ib nt] late A A at oft Of ee 6 et Fig. 5-27(c)FORCES ON SUBMERGED CURVED AREAS J 99 $28 Curved wall ABC in Fig. 5-28a is a quarter circle 9 ft wide into the paper. Compute the horizontal and vertical hydrostatic forces on the wall and the line of action of the resultant force. I See Fig. 5-28b. Fi, = yhegA = (62.4)(3.536)[(7.072)(9)] = 14 044 Ib, F, = weight of (imaginary) water in crosshatched area in Fig. 5-28b = (62.4)(9){(x)(5)7/4 — (2)(5 sin 45°)(5 cos 45°)/2] = 4007 1D; Franses = ‘V4007? + 14 0447 = 14 604 Ib. Frenane Passes through point O and acts at an angle of arctan +f, or 15.9°, as shown in Fig. 5-28c. 3.636 f+ fF 1.072 F 3.536 ft Fy Fig. 5-28(6) Fresultent = 14,604 Ib Fig. 5-28(c) 529 Pressurized water fills the tank in Fig. 5-29a, Compute the net hydrostatic force on conical surface ABC. I From symmetry, Fy = 0. The gage pressure of 100 kPa corresponds to a fictitious water level at 100/9.79, or 10,215 m above the gage or 10.215 — 7, of 3.215 m above AC (see Fig. 5-29b). Ry = weight of fictitious water above cone ABC = 9.79{(3.215)()(3)*/4 + (4)(6)(7)(3)*/4] = 361 KN (up). Fictitious water level 100KPa, gage100 J CHAPTER 5 5.30 Gate AB in Fig. 5-30a is 7 m wide into the paper. Compute the force F required to prevent rotation about the hinge at B. Neglect atmospheric pressure. 79{(9.6 + 0)/2][(9.6)(7)] = 3158 KN. Fy acts at %, or 3.200 m above B (see Fig. 5-306). above the gate = 9.79{(3)(6)(9.6)(7)] = 2632 KN. F, acts at #2, or 2.250 m right of B (see .200)(3158) + (2.250)(2632) — 9.6F = 0, F = 1670 KN. A F Fy = 2632 kN 96m Fy = 3158 KN 3.200% a a 312250 Fig. 5-30(a) Fig. 5-30(6) 5.31 The cylindrical tank in Fig. 5-31 has a hemispherical end cap ABC. Compute the total horizontal and vertical forces exerted on ABC by the oil and water. ' F=yhgA (Fu): ={(0.9)(9.79)\(3 + 3){(4)(2)?/2] = 221 KN (left) (Finda = {I(0.9)(9.79)] + 2) + 9.79) @)M(#)2)"/2 = 338 KN (left) (Fou = 221 + 338= 559KN (left) Fy = weight of fluid within hemisphere = [(0.9)(9.79)]{(2)(3)()(2)'] + (9.79)[(4)(3)(7)(2)] = 156 KN (down) Fig. 5-31 5.32 cylindrical barrier holds water, as shown in Fig. 5-32. The contact between cylinder and wall is smooth. ‘Consider a 1-m length of cylinder and determine its weight and the force exerted against the wall. i (B) aco = (9.79)(1)[()(2)"/2 + (2)(2) + (2)(2)] = 139.8 KN (up) CFi)an = 9-79)(1)2V2) — (#)(2)'/4] = 8.4 KN (down) DR=0 139.8 = Weyinter—8:-4=0 — Weytindce = 131.4KN Fy = hgh Fudan = O.TQN2+2)(D]=78.3KN (right) (Fadoe = (9.79)(2 + 32) = 58.7 KN (left) (F)apune wan = 78.3 ~ 58.7= 19.6 KN (right)FORCES ON SUBMERGED CURVED AREAS 101 533 The revolving gate in Fig, 5-33 is a quarter-cylinder with pivot through O. What force F is required to open it? (Treat the gate as weightless.) FF Ateach point of ABC the line of action of the pressure force passes through O; hence the pressure has no moment about O. It follows that any F, no matter how small, sufices to produce a net opening moment. = 0.0098) [" @-V5E) de = @.0090)[2¢ Lf yas 5.34 Find the vertical component of force on the parabolic gate of Fig. 5-34a and its line of action. Ry = weight of imaginary liquid above gate = yL f (H-y)dx (see Fig. 5-346) Vx 7 14.40 KN (see Fig. 5-34) 2.00 [° (2-V5x)x de (9.00)(3) cf (2x - V5x52) de 14.40 = (9.00)(3)[x? — (V5x**)/3]2"/14.40 = 0.240 m y= 9.00 kN/m? Gate 3 wae Fig. 5-34(a) 729.00 RN/m? “ree cate 3 swe C-3m) a Pid Fig. 5-34(b) 535 Determine the moment M needed to hold the gate of Fig. 5-34a shut. Neglect its weight. HF, = yhA =9.00{(0 + 2)/2)[(2)(3)] = 54.0 KN (left). F,, acts at 3, or 0.667 m above point 0. Fy = 14.40 kN M=39.5KN-m. .240 m (from Prob. 5.34 and Fig. 5-34b). I Mo= 0; M — (14.40)(0.240) — (54.0)(0.667) = 0,102 0 CHAPTER S 5.36 Find the force on the body (part of a parabolic cylinder) of Fig. 5-35. The length normal to the paper is L=4,5m, and 7 is 9.20kN/m’, ' Fig= yh = (9.20)(){(1)(4.5)] = 20.70 kN of » sve Fy =weight of liquid above OA = f yly de = f .20y4.5)() dx = (9.20)(4.5) Ll, 39.03 kN Feesaams = V39.08" + 20,70" = 44.18 KN Fig, 5-35 5.37 The curved plate in Fig. 5-36 is an octant of a sphere. Find the resultant force, including its line of action, acting on the outer surface, if the radius of the sphere is 600 mm and its center is 2m below the water surface. FF See Fig. 5-36. Fy = yhA = y[H — 4r/(3x)\(xr"/4), B= F. = Fr = 9.79(2 — (4)(0.6)/(322)]{()(0.6)7/4] = 4.831 KN (both F, and F, act toward 0); F, = Fy = weight of water above curved surface = y[(H)()(r)?/4— (3)(4)(7)°/8] = 9-79[(2)(22)(0.6)2/4 — (3)(2)(0.6)"/8] = 4.429 KN. Fegan acts on a line through 0 making a 45° angle with the x and z axes because of symmetry; Freeman = V4.429' + 4.8317 + 4.831° = 8.142 KN. It acts at an angle 6 = arccos (4.429/8.142) = 57.0". 5.38 Find the horizontal and vertical components of the force per unit width exerted by fluids on the horizontal cylinder in Fig. 5-37c if the fluid to the left of the cylinder is (a) a gas confined in a closed tank at a pressure of 35.0 KN/m? and (b) water with a free surface at an elevation coincident with the uppermost part of the cylinder. Assume in both instances that atmospheric pressure occurs to the right of the cylinder. I (@ The “net vertical projection” (see Fig. 5-372) of the portion of the cylinder surface under consideration is 4 — (220s 30°), or 3.732 m. Fr = pA = 35.0{(1)(3.732)] = 130.6 KN (right). Note that the vertical force of the gas on surface ab is equal and opposite to that on surface bc. Hence, the “net horizontal projection” with regard to the gas is ae (see Fig. 5-386), which is 2 sin 30°, or 1.000m. Fy = 35.0{(1)(1.000)] = 35.0 kN (up). ) Fip= yhA = (9.79)(3.732/2)[(1)(3.732)] = 68.2KN (right) , = weight of crosshatched volume of water (Fig. 5-37b) (9.79)(1){(B8)(2)(4)°/4 + (4)(1.000)(3.732 — $) + (1)(3)] = 99.8KN (up)FORCES ON SUBMERGED CURVED AREAS J 103 Net horizontal ‘projection Net vertical ‘projection Fig. 5.37(a) Fig. 53706) 539 A vertical-thrust bearing consists of an 8-in-radius bronze hemisphere mating into a steel! hemispherical shell. At what pressure must grease be supplied to the bearing so that an unbroken film is present when the vertical thrust on the bearing is 600 000 Ib? ' Projected area = ar? = ()(8)'=201.1in? —_p = F/A = 600 000/201. 1 = 2984 Ib/in® 540 Find horizontal and vertical forces per foot of width on the Tainter gate shown in Fig. 5-38. Fy = yh = (62.4)[(0 + 25)/2][(25)(1)] = 19 500 Ib. F,, acts at (3)(25), or 16.67 ft below the water surface. R, = weight of imaginary water in ACBA = (62.4)(1)[()(25)'/5 — (2)(25 cos 36°)(25 sin 36°)/2] = 5959 Ib. Ky acts through the centroid of segment ABCA. Fig. 5-38 SAL The tank indicated in cross section in Fig. 5-39 is 6m long normal to the paper. Curved panel MN is one-quarter of an ellipse with semiaxes b and d. Ifb = 5m, d = 7m, and a= 1.0m, calculate the horizontal and vertical components of force and the resultant force on the panel. i Fa, = phegA = 9.71.0 + 3)[(6)(7)] = 1850 kN ee 4 OM hays hag A= (LO*D + Typ HLH] 07m below water surace F, = weight of water above surface MN = (9.79)(6)[()(5)(7)/4 + (1.0)(5)] = 1908 KN Xeq = 4b /(3zt) = (4)(5)/(3) = 2.122 m to the right of N — Freitane = W1908" + 1850" = 2658 kN Fenn A€ts through the intersection of Fy and Fy at an angle of arctan (1908/1850), or 45.9°. I A = Tk Tene guarter of elipse = thd N Arr rmbele =z Fig. 5.39104 5.42 5.43 5.44 5.45 5.46 0 CHAPTER 5 Solve Prob. 5.41 if a at. Oft, b=Sit, ' Fix = phgA = (62.4)(1.0 + 3)[(6)(7)] = 11 794 1b PAZ (0+ OM] eg = hcg + = (1.043) + I. hag 7 ft, the tank is 6 ft long, and MN represents a parabola with vertex 5.407 ft below water surface Fy = weight of water above surface MN = (62.4)(6)[(3)(7)(5) + (1.0)(5)] = 10 608 Ib ep = (3)(6) = G)(5) = 1.88 ft to the right of N — Frnutane = V10 608 + 11 794 = 15 863 Ib Feeaiune acts through the intersection of F and Fy at an angle of arctan (10 608/11 794), or 42.0°. In the cross section shown in Fig. 5-40, BC is a quarter-circle. If the tank contains water to a depth of 6 ft, determine the magnitude and location of the horizontal and vertical components on wall ABC per 1 ft width. hay = GNO)= 4.008 Fy = weight of water above surface BC = (62.4)(1){(6)(5)] — (62.4)(1)[()(5)?/4] = 1872 — 1225 = 647 Ib ‘The location of F, can be determined by taking moments about point B. (1872)(3) ~ (1225)[(4)(5)/(3)] = ! Fo, = RA = (62.4)[(0 + 6)/2]{(1)(6)] = 1123 Ib ATK ays Sep = 3.22 ft. Ic S-tt radius Fig. 5-40 Rework Prob. 5.43 where the tank is closed and contains gas at a pressure of 10 psi. ! Fy = pAy = [(10)(144)][(1)(6)] = 8640 tb Fy = PAu = ((10)(144)][(4)(5)] = 7200 Ib h A spherical steel tank of 22 m diameter contains gas under a pressure of 300 kPa. The tank consists of two half-spheres joined together with a weld. What will be the tensile force across the weld? If the steel is 25.0 mm thick, what is the tensile stress in the steel? i F = pA = 300[()(22)*/4] = 114040 kN force/lengt! o thickness — 25.0/1000 114.040/(22) Determine the force required to hold the cone shown in Fig. 5-41 in position. = 0.6 — [(0.83)(62.4)](5.1)/144 = I Figure 5-416 shows the vertical projection above the opening. Pui 1.23 psi, Far = [(1.23(144)]l(7)(0.804)" Feage = (62.4)(0.83){(3)(24)(0.804)?/3] = Fig. 5-41(2) = 66000 kPa 360 Ib, Founder = (62.4)(0.83){(7)(0.804)°(5.1 + 3)] = 852 Ib, 105 Ib; ¥, F, = 0, 360-852 + 105+ F =0, F = 387 Ib. Fig. 5-41(6)EE SAT 549 FORCES ON SUBMERGED CURVED AREAS J 105 ‘The cross section of the gate in Fig. 5-42 is given by 10x = 3y”; its dimension normal to the plane of the paper is 71m. The gate is pivoted about O. Find the horizontal and vertical forces and the clockwise moment acting on the gate if the water depth is 1.8m, i Fy = yhA Fy = weight of water above the gate = [emo dy) =(9.79)(7) f “oaytdy = (0. a9yn |" 79{(0 + 1.8)/2]{(7)(1.8)] = 111.0 KN Mo = (111.0)8) + [ (0.19)(0)(5) (ay) = 66.6 + (9.79917) [ . a dy = 66.6+ 0.79)00| 2 0 Fig. 5-42 Find the wall thickness of steel pipe needed to resist the static pressure in a 36-in-diameter steel pipe carrying water under a head of 750 ft of water. Use an allowable working stress for steel pipe of 16 000 psi. 1 p= yh = (62.4)(750) = 46 8001Ib/ft? or 3251b/in® T = pd/2 = (325)(36)/2= 5850 Ib/in of pipe length t= 5850/16 000 =0.366in ‘A vertical cylindrical tank is 6 ft in diameter and 10 ft high. Its sides are held in position by means of two steel hoops, one at the top and one at the bottom. The tank is filled with water up to 9 ft high. Determine the tensile stress in each hoop. I See Fig. 5-43. F = yhA = 62.4[(0 + 9)/2]{(9)(6)] = 15 163 Ib, T = F/2 = 15 163/2 = 7582 Ib; stress in top hoop = (7582)(#5) = 2275 Ib, stress in bottom hoop = (7582){(10 — 3)/10] = 5307 Ib. 10 ft 1 ft 10 ft ke 6 ft 3 ft Fig. 5-43(a) Fig. 5-43(b)106 J CHAPTER 5 5.50 5.51 5.52 5.53 5.54 A 48-in-diameter steel pipe, } in thick, carries oil of s.g. = 0.822 under a head of 400 ft of oil. Compute the (@) stress in the steel and (6) thickness of steel required to carry a pressure of 250 psi with an allowable stress of 18.000 psi. ' = [(0.822)(62.4)](400) = 20517 1b/f? or 142.5 Ib/in? — o =2 @ (142.5)(48/2)_ 15 660 pi 4 (6) 18 000 = EB) = 0.333 in ‘A wooden storage vat, 20 ft in outside diameter, is filled with 24 ft of brine, s.g. = 1.06. The wood staves are ‘bound by flat steel bands, 2 in wide by 1 in thick, whose allowable stress is 16 000 psi. What is the spacing of the bands near the bottom of the vat, neglecting any initial stress? Refer to Fig. 5-44. I Force P represents the sum of all the horizontal components of small forces dP acting on length y of the vat, and forces T represent the total tension carried in a band loaded by the same length y. TH=0 2T-P=0 T= Aricei Pn = [(2)(4)](16 000) = 8000 Ib P= yhA = {(1.06)(62.4)|(24)(20y) =31749y —_(2)(8000)—31749y =0 y= 0.504 ft or 6.05in bh! oe 4 rv yr ig. 5-44 A4.0-in-ID steel pipe has a }-in wall thickness. For an allowable tensile stress of 10 000 psi, what is the maximum pressure? A (9\4.0/2) 10000 = p= 12501b/in® A thin-walled hollow sphere 3.5 m in diameter holds gas at 1700 kPa. For an allowable stress of 50 000 kPa, determine the minimum wall thickness. I Considering half a sphere of diameter d (3.5 m) and thickness t, (stdt)(o) = (p)(d?/4), [€2)B.5)(](60 000) = 1700{(2)(3.5)?/4], ¢ = 0.02975 m, or 29.75 mm. A cylindrical container 8 ft high and 3 ft in diameter is reinforced with two hoops a foot from each end. When it is filled with water, what is the tension in each hoop due to the water? I Sec Fig. 5-45. F = yhA = 62.4[(0 + 8)/2][(8)(3)] = 5990 Ib. F acts at (3)(8), or 5.333 ft from the top of the container. DA=0 2T, + 2T, — 5990 DM,.=0 (2T,)(1.667) ~ (2T,)(4.333) =0 T=2.601, @ Solve simultaneous equations (1) and (2). 27; + (2)(2.607,) — 5990 = 0, T, = 832 Ib, T, = (2.60)(832) = 2163 Ib. aw555 FORCES ON SUBMERGED CURVED AREAS J 107 Let i> 27, S333 asst] F j—> 27, vet ae Fig. 5-45 A 30-mm-diameter stee! (y = 77.0 KN/m*) ball covers a 15-mm-diameter hole in the bottom of a chamber in which gas pressure is 27 000 kPa. What force is required to push the ball up into the chamber? ' F = pA + weight of ball = 27 000{()(itis)"/4] + [(8)(-")(885)"1(77.0) = 4.780 KN