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    Prof. Eisa Bashier M.Tayeb 2021

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    Osama Alzaky
    The document discusses open loop and closed loop control systems. It provides details about an electrical and electronics engineering course at Hikma College of Engineering & Technology. Specifically, it outlines the lecture contents covering the advantages and disadvantages of open loop systems compared to closed loop feedback systems. Open loop systems are simpler but lack feedback to correct for disturbances, while closed loop systems are more complex but can maintain a desired output even when conditions change.

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    Prof. Eisa Bashier M.Tayeb 2021

    Uploaded by

    Osama Alzaky
    29 views10 pages
    The document discusses open loop and closed loop control systems. It provides details about an electrical and electronics engineering course at Hikma College of Engineering & Technology. Specifically, it outlines the lecture contents covering the advantages and disadvantages of open loop systems compared to closed loop feedback systems. Open loop systems are simpler but lack feedback to correct for disturbances, while closed loop systems are more complex but can maintain a desired output even when conditions change.

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    Lecture Two 5e6nvd0h-2

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    The document discusses open loop and closed loop control systems. It provides details about an electrical and electronics engineering course at Hikma College of Engineering & Technology. Specifically, it outlines the lecture contents covering the advantages and disadvantages of open loop systems compared to closed loop feedback systems. Open loop systems are simpler but lack feedback to correct for disturbances, while closed loop systems are more complex but can maintain a desired output even when conditions change.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    29 views10 pages

    Prof. Eisa Bashier M.Tayeb 2021

    Uploaded by

    Osama Alzaky
    The document discusses open loop and closed loop control systems. It provides details about an electrical and electronics engineering course at Hikma College of Engineering & Technology. Specifically, it outlines the lecture contents covering the advantages and disadvantages of open loop systems compared to closed loop feedback systems. Open loop systems are simpler but lack feedback to correct for disturbances, while closed loop systems are more complex but can maintain a desired output even when conditions change.

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    HIKMA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

    Electrical & Electronics Engineering


    www.hikma.edu.sd

    COURSE: ELE412 Automatic Control Systems


    SPECIALIZATION: Control/power Engineering
    SEMESTER: 7

    # LECTURE TWO
    Introduction to Automatic Control Systems
    …… Continued

    Prof. Eisa Bashier M.Tayeb


    2021
    Lecture Contents:
    Open loop systems;

    Feedback closed-loop systems.

    Advantages and disadvantages of Open loop systems


    Open-Loop Control System: is a system whose output
    has no effect on the control action are called open-loop
    control systems.
    In any open-loop control system the output is not
    compared with the reference input.

    Input Control System Output


    Controller
    Action (Plant)

    Open-loop control system


    In the presence of disturbances, an open-loop control
    system will not perform the desired task.

    Open-loop control can be used, in practice, only if the


    relationship between the input and output is known
    and if there are neither internal nor external
    disturbances.

    Note that control systems that operates on a time


    basis is open loop. For instance, traffic control by
    means of signals operated on a time basis an example
    of open-loop control.
    Feedback Control Systems: A system that maintains
    a prescribed relationship between the output and
    the reference input by comparing them and using
    the difference as a means of control. Such system is
    called a feedback control system.
    Closed-Loop Control Systems: Feedback control
    systems are often referred to as closed-loop control
    systems. In practice, the terms feedback control and
    closed-loop control are used interchangeably.

    Input Comparator Output


    Control System
    &
    Action (Plant)
    Controller

    Feedback (Closed Loop) Control System


    In a closed-loop control system the actuating error
    signal is fed to the controller so as to reduce the
    error and bring the output to a desired value.
    The term closed-loop control always implies the
    use of feedback control action in order to reduce
    system error.

    Closed-Loop versus Open-Loop Control Systems.

    An advantage of the closed-loop control system is


    the fact that the use of feedback makes the system
    response relatively insensitive to external
    disturbances and internal variations in system
    parameters.
    Whereas the presence of disturbances, the open-loop
    control system will not perform the desired task.

    The open-loop control system is easier to build


    because system stability is not a major problem.

    On the other hand, stability is a major problem in the


    closed-loop control system.

    Closed-loop control systems have advantages when


    unpredictable disturbances and/or unpredictable
    variations in system components are present.
    output power rating partially determines the cost,
    weight, and size of a control system.

    The number of components used in a closed-loop


    control system is more than that for a corresponding
    open-loop control system.

    Thus, the closed-loop control system is generally


    higher in cost and power.
    Major advantages of open-loop control systems are:
    1. Simple construction and ease of maintenance.
    2. Less expensive than a corresponding closed-loop
    system.
    3. There is no stability problem.
    4. Convenient when output is hard to measure or
    measuring the output precisely is economically not
    feasible.
    (For example, in the washer system, it would be quite
    expensive to provide a device to measure the quality
    of the washer’s output, cleanliness of the clothes.)
    Major disadvantages of open-loop control systems are:

    1. Disturbances and changes in calibration cause


    errors, and the output may be different from what is
    desired.

    2. To maintain the required quality in the output,


    recalibration is necessary from time to time.

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