Scribd
Upload
35 views10 pages

Prof. Eisa Bashier M.Tayeb 2021: Control System Stability

The document discusses stability analysis in control systems. It defines absolute stability as whether a system's output will return to equilibrium after being disturbed, and stability is determined by the location of closed-loop poles in the complex plane. A system is absolutely stable if all closed-loop poles are in the left half of the s-plane, critically stable if poles are on the jw axis, and unstable if any poles are in the right half plane. Various methods can be used to analyze stability, including Routh-Hurwitz criteria, root locus, Nyquist, and Bode plots.

Uploaded by

Osama Alzaky
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
35 views10 pages

Prof. Eisa Bashier M.Tayeb 2021: Control System Stability

The document discusses stability analysis in control systems. It defines absolute stability as whether a system's output will return to equilibrium after being disturbed, and stability is determined by the location of closed-loop poles in the complex plane. A system is absolutely stable if all closed-loop poles are in the left half of the s-plane, critically stable if poles are on the jw axis, and unstable if any poles are in the right half plane. Various methods can be used to analyze stability, including Routh-Hurwitz criteria, root locus, Nyquist, and Bode plots.

Uploaded by

Osama Alzaky
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 10

HIKMA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

Electrical & Electronics Engineering


www.hikma.edu.sd

COURSE: ELE412 Automatic Control Systems


SPECIALIZATION: Control/power Engineering
SEMESTER: 7

# LECTURE EIGHT
Control System Stability

Prof. Eisa Bashier M.Tayeb


2021
Contents:
• Absolute and Relative Stability.
• Stability Analysis in the Complex Plane.
• .
Absolute and Relative Stability:
In analyzing and designing a control system,
we should be able to predict the dynamic
behavior of the system from a knowledge of
the components.

The most important characteristic of the


dynamic behavior of a control system is
absolute stability—that is, whether the
system is stable or unstable.
A control system is in equilibrium if the
output stays in the same state.

A linear time-invariant control system is


absolutely stable if the output eventually
comes back to its equilibrium state the
system is subjected to an initial condition.
Whether a linear system is stable or unstable is
a property of the system itself and does not
depend on the input or driving function of the
system.
The poles of the input, or driving function, do
not affect the property of stability of the
system, but they contribute only to steady-
state response terms in the solution.
Thus, the problem of absolute stability can be
solved readily by choosing no closed-loop
poles in the right-half s plane, including the jw
axis.
A control system is critically stable if
oscillations of the output continue forever.

Mathematically, closed-loop poles on the jw axis


will yield oscillations, the amplitude of which is
neither decaying nor growing with time.

In practical cases the amplitude of oscillations may


increase at a rate determined by the noise level.

Therefore, a control system avoid to have closed-


loop poles on the jw axis.
The system is unstable if the output diverges
without bound from its equilibrium state when
the system is subjected to an initial condition.

Actually, the output of a physical system may


increase to a certain extent but may be limited
by mechanical “stops,” or the system may
break down or become nonlinear after the
output exceeds a certain magnitude so that
the linear differential equations no longer
apply.
Stability Analysis in the Complex Plane:
The stability of a linear closed-loop system can be
determined from the location of the closed-loop poles
in the s plane. If any of these poles lie in the right-half
s plane, then with increasing time the transient
response increases or oscillates with increasing
amplitude. This represents an unstable system.

For such unstable system, as soon as the power is turned on,


the output may increase with time. If no saturation takes
place in the system and no mechanical stop is provided, then
the system may eventually be subjected to damage and fail,
since the response of a real physical system cannot increase
indefinitely.
Therefore, closed-loop poles in the right-half s
plane are not permissible in the usual linear control
system. If all closed-loop poles lie on the left half of
S-plane (left of the jw axis), any transient response
eventually reaches equilibrium. This represents a
stable system.
Open- and closed-loop transfer functions have
certain basic characteristics that permit transient
and steady-state analyses of the feedback-
controlled system.
The stability characteristic of a linear time-invariant
system is determined from the system’s
characteristic equation.
The concept of stability has been studied in depth, and various
criteria for testing the stability of a system have been proposed.
Among them are:
Routh-Hurwitz stability criteria [algebraic]

Root locus Technique.

Nyquist Method
Bode Plot
Nichols Method

Lyapunov stability method [time domain, for non-linear systems].

You might also like