Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region IX, Zamboanga Peninsula
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ZAMBOANGA DEL NORTE
POLANCO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Polanco I District
Polanco, Zamboanga del Norte
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET (LAS) #4
Name: __________________________ Grade/Score: __________________
Year and Section: _____________ Date: __________________
Subject: PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
LEARNING COMPETENCY/IES: Presents and interprets data in tabular or graphical forms CS_RS12-IId-g-2
TOPIC/LESSON/ACTIVITY TITLE: PRESENTING AND INTERPRETING DATA IN TABULAR AND GRAPHICAL FORMS
LEARNING OBJECTIVE/S: At the end of the lesson the learners are expected to:
a. identify the tabular and graphical methods which display data results;
b. present and interpret data using tabular or graphical method.
PRESENTING AND INTERPRETING DATA IN TABULAR AND GRAPHICAL FORMS
Introduction
To able to create and present an organized picture of information from a research report, it is important to use
certain techniques to communicate findings and interpretations of research studies into visual forms. The common
techniques being used to display data results are tabular, textual, and graphical methods. All these provide an initial
analysis of data.
Textual Presentation of Data
Textual presentations use words, statements or paragraphs with numerals, numbers or measurements to
describe data. They can be used independently to describe the data when there are very few quantities of numbers.
They can also be used to compare data using paragraphs for discussion.
Example: There are 42, 036 barangays in the Philippines. The largest barangay in terms of population size is
Brangay 176 in Caloocan City with 247 thousand persons. It is followed by Commonwealth in Quezon
City
(198, 285) and Batasan Hills in Quezon City (161, 409) .Twelve other barangays posted a population size
of more than a hundred thousand persons. (Source: psa.gov.ph)
Tabular Presentation of Data
Table presents clear and or organized data. A table must be clear and simple but complete.
A good table should include the following parts:
Table number and title – These are placed above the table. The title is usually written right after the
table number.
Caption subhead – This refers to columns and rows.
Body – It contains all the data under each subhead.
Source – It indicates if the data is secondary and it should be acknowledged
Here is an example of a good table.
Table 1
Ages of Individuals in Various Employment Sectors
18-25 26-35 36-45
Employment Sector
Age Group Age Group Age Group
Agriculture 3 8 12
Education 10 15 15
Health 15 28 35
Law 3 5 6
Manufacturing 15 23 32
Retail 30 12 8
Others 25 16 10
Tabular Presentation with Textual Analysis (Example)
An information sheet is distributed to 300 junior and senior high school students of Polanco National High
School to gather data on background of the students in terms of sex and grade level. A profile analysis of the students’
background is provided for each tabular presentation of the profile variables to illustrate textual analysis.
Table 2
Profile of Students According to Gender
Gender Frequency Percentage
Male 120 40%
Female 180 60%
Total 300 100%
Analysis: Among the 300 respondents, 120 (40%) are males and 180 (60%) are females.
Table 3
Profile of Students According to Grade Level
Grade Level Frequency Percentage
Grade 7 60 20%
Grade 8 54 18%
Grade 9 51 17%
Grade 10 45 15%
Grade 11 90 30%
Total 300 100%
Analysis: Of the survey’s 300 respondents, 60 (20%) are in Grade 7, 54 (18%) are in Grade 8, 51 (17%) are in
Grade 9 and 45 (15%) are in Grade 10. This constitutes enrolment in Junior High School. Enrolees entering Senior High
School in Grade 11 constitute 90 (30%) of the total school enrolment.
Graphical Methods of Presenting Data
A graph or chart portrays the visual presentation of data using symbols such as lines, dots, bars of slices. It
depicts the trend of a certain set of measurements or shows comparison between two or more sets of data or
quantities.
Charts and graphs are very useful in simplifying the presentation of research reports. They help students and
researchers understand data quickly and interestingly.
A good graph or chart shows that the x and y axis has a heading and units are included. The figure number and
title are usually placed below the figure. The known value is plotted on the x-axis and the measured value is plotted on
the y-axis. This description of a good chart excludes pie charts.
Line Graph
A line graph is a graphical presentation of data that shows a continuous change or trend. It may show an
ascending or descending trend.
Example 1
The National Statistics Office (NSO) released the following data on the rates of unemployment from 2001 to
2010.
2001 - 11.1%
2002 - 11.4% The figure shows that during the years 2001-2004, the rates of unemployment
2003 - 11.4% were over 11%. The decline came in 2005 (-4%); a small decline in 2006-2007 (.7%)
2004 - 11.8% and unemployment rates were almost the same in 2008-2010.
2005 - 7.8%
2006 - 8.0%
2007 - 7.3%
2008 - 7.4%
2009 - 7.5%
2010 - 7.4%
Double Line Graph
You can use line graphs to show comparisons of events, situations or information. A double line graph has two
lines connecting points to show continuous change in the data over time. Similar to a single line graph, the lines can
ascend or descend in a double line graph. A double line graph includes a key, which represents the information, event
and situation being observed.
The double line graph was based on the following data:
Female Male
2005 49.8 79.8
2006 48.8 79.1
2007 48.2 78.3
2008 48.6 78.9
2009 49.3 78.8
2010 49.7 78.9
2011 52.2 80.4
2012 49.7 78.3
2013 49.8 78.1
Labor force participation for females from 2005-2013 ranged from 48.2 - 49.8 while that of the males ranged
from 78.1 - 79.8.
Bar Graph or Bar Chart
A bar graph uses bars to compare categories of data. It may be drawn vertically or horizontally. A vertical bar
graph is best to use when comparing means or percentages between distinct categories. The categories are measure
independently and compared with one another. A horizontal bar graph may contain more than 5 categories. A bar graph
is plotted on either x-axis or y-axis. The categories may be plotted on one axis while the other axis contains the
numerical values that represent the data being measured.
Vertical Bar Graph
In this illustration example, 100 respondents were requested to select one distinct option for reasons why they
travel, making its cross analysis with number of respondents.
Pie Charts or Circle Graphs
A pie chart is usually used to show how parts of a whole compare to each other and the whole. The entire circle
represents the total, and the parts are proportional to the amount of the total they represent.
The amount going to each part is expressed as a percentage; then, a circle is divided into pieces proportional to
the percentage of each category. This is done by multiplying the percentage share by 360 degrees.
Table 6
2013 COMELEC Registrants By Age Group
Age Group
18 – 21 9, 505, 241 16%
22 – 30 13, 204, 083 23%
31 – 39 11, 319, 005 19%
40 – 48 9, 293, 972 16%
49 – 59 8, 340, 075 14%
60 - above 6, 834, 712 12%
Source: Computed Data from PSA and COMELEC
12% 16%
18-21
14% 22-30
31-39
40-48
23%
49-59
60-above
16%
19%
Assessment 1
Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer on the space provided before each number.
_____1. Which among the graphical presentation shows ascending, descending or continuous change or trend?
A. line graph B. pie chart C. bar graph D. tabular
_____2. Which graph is used when comparing means or percentages between distinct categories?
A. Pie chart B. Line graph C. Vertical bar graph D. Horizontal bar graph
_____3.It is used to show how parts of a whole compare each other.
A. Pie chart B. Line graph C. Vertical bar graph D. Horizontal bar graph
_____4.Which part of a table shows if the data is secondary?
A. Body B. Source C. Caption subhead D. table number and title
_____5.What is used in textual presentation to describe data?
A. graphs, charts and explanations C. words, statements with numerals, measurements
B. tables with data collected from respondents D. lines, bars and paragraphs which explain the figures
_____6.This part of a table refers to columns and rows.
A. Body B. Source C. Caption subhead D. table number and title
_____7.What do tabular, textual, and graphical methods provide as common techniques used to display data?
A. final analysis of data B. initial analysis of data C. overall analysis of data D. medial analysis of data
_____8.It contains all the data under each subhead.
A. Body B. Source C. Caption subhead D. table number and title
Numbers 9-10 - Look back on the sample pie chart of this lesson. . . . .
_____9.Which age group has the largest percentage?
A. 18 – 21 B. 22 – 30 C. 31 – 39 D. 60 – above
_____10.Which age group has the lowest percentage?
A. 18 – 21 B. 22 – 30 C. 31 – 39 D. 60 – above
Assessment 2 (NOTE: Draw your pie chart at the back of this sheet. Do not use extra paper.)
ORAL COMMUNICATION IN CONTEXT 94
21 CENTURY LITERATURE 94
GENERAL MATHEMATICS 82
POLITICS 88
UNDERSTANDING CULTURE 90
EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE 96
P.E. 96
ENTREPRENEURSHIP 85
SAMPLE GRADES OF A GRADE 11 LEARNER
Directions: Create a pie chart using the data from the table. In one or two sentences, interpret which subject the learner
has the highest and the lowest grades.
RUBRIC FOR SCORING ASSESSMENT 2
20 15 10 5
Excellent Good Basic Requirement Little or no effort
The pie chart is well
made, with correct
partition using the
data provided.
The explanation is in a
single or two
sentences citing what
is asked with correct
grammar.
