IR PC-7

PRE-CHECK (PC) DESIGN CRITERIA FOR STEEL

CANTILEVERED COLUMN STRUCTURES (ORDINARY &
SPECIAL): 2019 CBC
Disciplines: Structural History: Issued 07/23/20

Division of the State Architect (DSA) documents referenced within this publication are available
on the DSA Forms or DSA Publications webpages.
PURPOSE
This Interpretation of Regulations (IR) clarifies requirements relating to pre-check (PC)
submittals to promote uniform statewide criteria for code compliance in design and in plan
review of steel cantilevered column structures for projects under DSA jurisdiction. The PC
Design Criteria documents were created by DSA as a means for the responsible engineer to
demonstrate code compliance when developing and submitting construction documents for DSA
review.
The provisions of this IR are intended to be a tool to identify and highlight the common and
unique, critical and/or overlooked code requirements that must be considered and incorporated
into the design, as applicable, to provide a complete and consistent set of construction
documents accepted at all DSA regional offices. Other methods proposed by design
professionals to solve a particular issue may be considered by DSA and reviewed for code and
regulation compliance, subject to concurrence of DSA Codes and Standards Unit. For methods
not specifically prescribed in the code, see California Building Code (CBC) Section 104.11.
Appendix A is provided as a guide to assist design professionals and DSA plan reviewers when
preparing and reviewing site-specific project applications that incorporate steel cantilevered
column structures designed in accordance with this IR.
SCOPE
The provisions of this IR apply to 2019 PC plans for new steel cantilevered column structures
submitted to DSA under the 2019 CBC after January 1, 2020. Steel cantilevered column
structures are defined as exterior single-story structures with open sides and a roof surface
consisting of a deck, solar panels or both. These structures are often configured in “T”, offset
“T”, or gable geometries and are sometimes referred to as “carports”, “canopies”, or “lunch
shelters”. They are used for various occupancies. Structural framing provides support for all
vertical and lateral loads. These structures may or may not support solar photovoltaic or thermal
systems.This document does not address moment frame structures that resist lateral loads
primarily through the rigidity of beam to column connections.
As noted in bulletin BU 18-01: Applicability of Pre-Check (PC) Design Criteria for Non-PC
Projects, these provisions shall also be considered and incorporated in site-specific submittals
for structures of the same project type, even if the submittal is not part of a PC application.
BACKGROUND
The PC approval process is intended to streamline DSA plan review by providing a procedure
for approving the design of commonly used structures prior to the submittal of plans to DSA for
construction projects. The PC approval process allows designers to incorporate designs for
structures that have already been “pre-checked” by DSA into their plans for actual site-specific
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PC DESIGN CRITERIA FOR STEEL CANTILEVERED COLUMN STRUCTURES
(ORDINARY & SPECIAL): 2019 CBC
construction projects. The design criteria provided in this document are neither regulations nor
law and are not appropriate for verbatim inclusion in project specifications. The design
professional in responsible charge is responsible for specifying and detailing requirements for
each project.
Additional information regarding the design and site application of PC structures and solar
photovoltaic and thermal systems can be found in the following documents:
• Procedure PR 07-01: Pre-Check Approval
• Policy PL 07-02: Over-the-Counter Review of Projects Using Pre-Check Approved
Designs
• IR 16-8: Solar Photovoltaic and Thermal Systems Review and Approval Requirements
1. GENERAL
1.1 Pre-Check Approval Requirements: See PR 07-01 for a more detailed list of items that
are required for all PC submittals (e.g., design information on coversheet, example form DSA
103: List of Required Structural Tests and Special Inspections on the drawings, PC sheet index,
etc.). The documents required to be submitted for PC approval are listed on form DSA 3: Project
Submittal Checklist. Site-specific information is not necessary as that information will be
provided when a specific construction project is submitted for DSA review.
1.2 Design Information on Coversheet: See PR 07-01 Section 2.4 and Appendices B & C
Require a note in the Design Information section requiring cut sheets of any boards, boxes and
equipment to be mounted on the structure, including weights and dimensions.
Indicate snow and ice loads allowed. Note 0 pounds per square foot (psf) if not used in design.
1.3 Structural Tests and Special Inspections
1.3.1 Provide example DSA-103 on the drawings that will be used as a guide to develop a site-
specific DSA-103 for the site-specific project. Example forms on the PC drawings will be
crossed out when a site-specific DSA-103 is provided during plan review. See PR 07-01,
Section 2.5.
1.3.2 A qualified representative of Laboratory of Record (LOR) or approved Special Inspector
shall verify all steel identification per CBC Section 2202A.1 and IR 17-3: Structural Welding
Inspection, Section 3.2.3.
1.3.3 For projects involving solar installation: Add a line item to the DSA 103 for installation
verification testing and special inspection of solar panel attachments utilizing pretensioned bolts
(e.g., bolts designed for clamp load; see Sections 6.1.8 and 6.6). Add a line item to the DSA
103 for material identification testing of solar panel attachment fasteners (see Section 6.7)
1.3.4 Only the site specific DSA-103 can incorporate exemptions from the required structural
tests and special inspections in accordance with the Appendix of the DSA 103. Applicability and
consideration of exemptions may be discussed during plan review for site-specific applications
and shall be justified by the applicable project design professional for DSA review and approval.
Refer to Appendix A for additional information.
1.4 Options and Variations: Provide checkboxes of options and variations if there is more
than one configuration. See PR 07-01 Section 3 for more details, including the maximum
number of options permitted in a single PC.
1.5 Design Parameters: Provide on the coversheet (and subsequent sheets as necessary)
Design Information as defined in PR 07-01 Section 2.4 and Appendix B. If the PC includes

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(ORDINARY & SPECIAL): 2019 CBC
design variations for multiple tiers or levels of the same design parameter(s), all or part of the
Design Information should be presented in a checklist format and provide general direction to
future users (design professionals and plan reviewers) for the application of the PC to site-
specific projects. Additionally, refer to and coordinate with PL 07-02 Section 3, which
summarizes common site-specific parameters to be verified at Over-the-Counter (OTC) plan
reviews.
1.6 Risk Category and Occupant Load: PC drawings must indicate the maximum Risk
Category (RC) the structure is designed for in the Design Information section of the coversheet.
In addition, a Code Analysis shall be shown on the coversheet to indicate the intended Use and
Occupancy. The DSA reviewer of the site application shall verify the RC of the PC structure as it
applies to the site in accordance with CBC Section 1604A.5. The Code Analysis shall include
line items to indicate selection of Use and Occupancy classification per CBC Chapter 3,
Occupant Load Factor (OLF) per CBC Table 1004.5 and determination of RC per CBC Table
1604A.5, to be completed by the Design Professional at time of OTC or project submittal. Refer
to Appendix A for additional information.
1.7 Flood Zone
1.7.1 Design shall comply with CBC Section 1612A and procedure PR 14-01: Flood Design
and Project Submittal Requirements.
1.7.2 Provide a note in Design Parameter Information section indicating that when a site-
specific project is located in a flood zone other than Zone X, a letter stamped and signed from a
geotechnical engineer is needed to validate the allowable soil values specified in the PC
drawings are still applicable. Unless the bottoms of foundations are raised above the design
flood elevation, a validation letter from the geotechnical engineer shall be provided, even if the
presumptive load bearing values per CBC Section 1806A.2 are used.
This note may include an exemption for the validation letter for projects located in Zone D
(undefined) if the applicant provides evidence from the local jurisdiction or a qualified design
professional confirming the site is not in a flood hazard zone. Refer to Appendix A for additional
information.
1.7.3 Location of electrical elements shall conform to the American Society of Civil Engineers
(ASCE) 24 Section 7.2 as required per PR 14-01 Section 1.2.1.
1.8 Geohazard Reports: Provide a note in the Design Information section indicating that, for
projects on existing sites outside of a mapped geologic hazard zone, cantilevered column
structures 4,000 Square Feet (Sq. Ft.) or less complying with the requirements of IR A-4:
Geohazard Report Requirements, Section 3.2 are exempt from the requirement to provide a
geohazard report. The structures may be split into multiple seismically separated structures to
stay below the 4,000 Sq. Ft. trigger.
1.9 Weather Protection
1.9.1 PC drawings shall specify the type of weather protection selected for all weather-
exposed steel members (structural steel and cold-formed steel) in accordance with CBC Section
2203A.1.
1.9.2 Structural steel shall be hot-dip galvanized (minimum American Society for Testing
Materials (ASTM) A123 or A153 Class D, as applicable) or painted with zinc-rich primer,
undercoat, and finish coat; or equivalent paint system. Cold-formed steel members shall be 55
percent aluminum-zinc alloy coated per ASTM A792/A792M standard in accordance to
American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) S240 Table A4-1, CP 90 coating designation.

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PC DESIGN CRITERIA FOR STEEL CANTILEVERED COLUMN STRUCTURES
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1.9.3 All exposed steel fasteners, including cast-in-place anchor bolts/rods, shall be stainless
steel (Type 304 minimum), hot-dip galvanized (ASTM A153, Class D minimum or ASTM
F2329), or protected with corrosion-preventive coating that demonstrated no more than 2
percent of red rust in minimum 1,000 hours of exposure in salt spray test per ASTM B117. Zinc-
plated fasteners do not comply with this requirement. (Example proprietary coatings that comply
with the 1000-hour requirement include, but are not necessarily limited to: Quik Guard by
Simpson, Kwik-Cote by Hilti, Stalgard by Elco, vistaCorr by SFS intec, etc.)
1.9.4 Post-installed anchors used for exterior exposure shall comply with the requirements of
the evaluation report.
1.10 PC Sheet Index: Provide a PC sheet index. See PR 07-01, Appendix E.
1.11 DSA ID Stamp and PC Stamp: Provide 2019 CBC PC Stamp per PR 07-01 Section 6.1.
Provide two blank areas on each PC sheet title block as indicated in procedure PR 18-04:
Electronic Plan Review for Design Professionals of Record Using Bluebeam, Section 1.2.2.2:
one for the PC ID stamp and one for the future site-specific DSA Identification Stamp. (See
policy PL 18-02: Record Sets of DSA-Approved Construction Documents).
1.12 Structural Products Acceptance: All structural products shall meet the requirements set
forth in IR A-5: Acceptance of Products, Materials, and Evaluation Reports. Code-based
engineering calculations to support a manufactured product will be considered.
2. GRAVITY‒ROOF
2.1 Dead Load: Design shall comply with dead load requirements per CBC 1606A and ASCE
7 Section 3.1.
The dead load of solar systems (where occurs), roof decking (where occurs), electrical
components and fire sprinklers (where occurs) shall be considered in the design of the
structure. For projects with solar, see also IR 16-8, Section 2.1 and Structural Engineers
Association of California (SEAOC) PV-3, Section 4.
The dead load of rooftop-mounted photovoltaic panel systems, including rack support systems,
shall be indicated on the construction documents. See CBC Section 1603A.1.8.1.
2.2 Live Load: Design shall comply with live load requirements per CBC 1607A and ASCE 7
Chapter 4.
For structures of open grid framing and no roof sheathing or decking, such as carports and
shade structures supporting solar panels, the following two separate live loading conditions shall
be applied in combination with other applicable loads.
• 12 psf uniform roof live load per CBC 1607A.13.5.2.1 and ASCE 4.17.3 without solar
panel dead load. The distributed live load shall be applied to members based on their
tributary areas as if sheathing were installed.
• 300 lbs. concentrated roof live load per CBC Table 1607A.1 with solar panel dead load.
As a condition for use of this reduced loading condition, the following note shall be shown on the
construction plans: “No future roof decking or sheathing may be applied on the open grid
framing.”
See SEAOC PV-3 Section 5.5
Include unbalanced live load in design of structure.

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PC DESIGN CRITERIA FOR STEEL CANTILEVERED COLUMN STRUCTURES
(ORDINARY & SPECIAL): 2019 CBC
2.3 Snow Load: Effective seismic weight shall include snow load per ASCE 7 Section 12.7.2.
See IR 16-8, Section 2.1.3.
Attachment of solar panels to the structure must be designed to resist the shearing force from
snow sliding down due to roof slope.
Unbalanced roof snow loads shall be in accordance to ASCE 7 Section 7.6.
If the structure is designed for snow load, add note to the design parameters checklist: “Site
application DSA reviewer shall verify the structure to be located at least xx (xx to be calculated
by PC applicant) feet from any adjacent structure”. See ASCE 7 Section 7.7. If the horizontal
separation is less than 20 feet, snow drift analysis shall be provided by the PC applicant, and
the project is not eligible for Over-the-Counter (OTC) review. Refer to Appendix A for additional
information.
2.4 Deflection limits for girders and purlins: Purlins and girders not supporting solar panels
shall satisfy deflection limits for gravity, wind and seismic loads per CBC Table 1604A.3 for
“Roof members”. Purlins and girders supporting solar panels shall satisfy deflection limits for
gravity, wind and seismic loads per CBC Table 1604A.3 for “Roof members” footnote “c” (glass
supports). Per CBC Section 2403: maximum total deflection from all load combinations shall not
exceed L/175. The reduced deflection limits in CBC Table 1604A.3 footnote “a” are not
permitted for members supporting loads from solar panels. Members with tributary area less
than 700 SF require use of “component and cladding” wind loads. See also footnote “f” and
additional requirements of CBC Section 1604A.3.7 for framing supporting glass.
3. LATERAL‒SEISMIC
3.1 ASCE 7 Chapter 12: Design of Steel Cantilevered Column Structures: Must utilize
ASCE 7 Chapter 12 Seismic Design Requirements for Building Structures (not Chapter 15
Seismic Design Requirements for NonBuilding Structures).
3.1.1 The R-factor shall be based on an “Ordinary” system if the concrete pier foundation is
designed per Section 3 of BU 09-06: Minimum Reinforcement of Concrete Piers and Caissons
Embedded with Steel Poles where reinforcing steel provided is less than required in CBC
Section 1810A.3.9.
3.1.2 A 3D analysis shall be performed on the structure for gravity plus seismic loads for
member design and to determine the horizontal drift at the extreme edges of the structure in
both orthogonal directions, including rotation of the roof plane. Unless exempted per Section 6
below, the drift shall be used to calculate the target deformation to be achieved in the required
cyclic test of the bolt or clamp connector/purlin assembly per Section 6 below.
3.1.3 Structures with metal deck roof diaphragms, in-plane roof diagonal bracing or deflection-
limiting structural framing will be exempt from the requirement to cyclically test the panel
fastener/purlin assembly per Section 6 below when the maximum inelastic response
displacement (e.g., elastic deflection x Cd) at the most extreme point in the roof relative to the
top of the column is limited to 0.01Lx. Lx is the dimension perpendicular to the column line
(datum zero) to the extreme framing member. This deflection is a measure of the diaphragm in-
plane distortion relative from the column line of resistance to the most extreme diaphragm roof
edge.
3.2 Redundancy Factor (ρ) : “T” and offset “T” configurations or those with no diaphragm
shall have ρ =1.3. For other configurations, they shall be justified and contain diaphragms. For
elements required to be designed for overstrength, they shall be designed for the more severe
loading of Ω or ρ factor considered independently.

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(ORDINARY & SPECIAL): 2019 CBC
The 1.2 factor in ASCE 7 Section 2.4.5 is not applicable to load combinations with ρ and
therefore may not be applied to soil pressure increase.
3.3 Seismic Load Criteria
3.3.1 Maximum Seismic Force: If the design is based upon the maximum SS value for the
state of California (ASCE 7-16 data), the PC can be used at any site in the state of California.
Other SS values are permitted but will limit the applicable site locations for the PC.
3.3.2 Ground Motion Hazard Analysis: Due to the site-specific ground motion analysis
requirements of ASCE 7 Section 11.4.8, PC designs shall be based on the short period seismic
response parameter SDS and ASCE 7 Equations 12.8-2 and 12.8-5. Where a PC design is
provided for Site Class E, the short-period site coefficient as required by ASCE 7 Section 11.4.8
Exception 1 shall be used. Alternatively, if the PC design is not based on the short period
seismic response parameter SDS, the PC design shall comply with the requirements of ASCE 7
Section 11.4.8, and the Design Information section shall state the fundamental period of the
structure(s) and include notes alerting the site specific user of the PC to the conditions requiring
a site specific ground motion hazard analysis.
3.3.3 Maximum SDS Value in Determination of Cs and Ev: The base shear is permitted to be
calculated using a cap on the maximum design spectral response acceleration parameter value
of SDS in accordance with ASCE 7 Section 12.8.1.3, provided that all of the noted criteria are
met. The DSA reviewer shall verify any maximum limits applied to the base shear at time of
OTC or project submittal. Refer to Appendix A for additional information.
3.3.3.1 The PC drawings shall demonstrate compliance with the required criteria (e.g., no
irregularities, period less than 0.5 sec, rho equals 1.0, not Site Class E or F, RC I or II, etc.) in
the Design Information section of the coversheet. For purposes of checking compliance with
these criteria, the period shall be determined based on the actual properties of the structure,
including foundation flexibility, and not use the approximate period in ASCE 7 Section 12.8.2.1.
3.3.3.2 The PC drawings shall indicate the mapped spectral response acceleration parameter
at short period, SS in the Design Information section of the coversheet.
3.3.3.3 Per PR 07-01 Appendix C, if a capped value of SDS is used to determine CS, the Design
Information section of the coversheet shall list the SDS (cap) used to determine CS as well as the
SDS (no cap) used for verification of site-specific application and to determine other parameters
such as non-structural component anchorage.
3.4 Column Design
3.4.1 The column needs to conform to American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) 341,
Sections E5 or E6. Column to foundation connection must have sufficient capacity to develop
the flexural strength of the steel column, utilizing the expected yield stress, 1.1RyFy per AISC
341, Sections A3.2 and D2.6, or from the load combinations with overstrength factor per ASCE
7 Section 12.4.3.2.
3.4.2 Columns must include P-∆ (first order) effects of the ½” displacement of footings if two
times the lateral bearing pressures per CBC Section 1806A.3.4 is used. See Figure 1 below.
3.4.3 Built-up columns shall comply with AISC 360 and 341 or AISI S100 and S213. Built-up
columns of different materials shall not be permitted unless approved as an alternate design
with supplemental full scale testing.
3.4.4 The weights and heights of all equipment attaching to the columns shall be included in
the column design.

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PC DESIGN CRITERIA FOR STEEL CANTILEVERED COLUMN STRUCTURES
(ORDINARY & SPECIAL): 2019 CBC
3.5 Purlin Design
3.5.1 Purlins shall be designed for weak axis bending due to seismic loads if roof diaphragm is
not present, i.e., open grid system. Weak-axis deflection of purlins between girders shall be
calculated and compared with the in-plane diaphragm roof drift to determine the maximum in-
plane differential displacement between panel anchors to establish the cyclical testing
performance criteria per Section 6.3 below.
3.5.2 Top flange of the purlin shall be evaluated for localized stresses imposed by connections.
It is acceptable to model the top flange as being fixed at the web end and pinned at the lip end
with the load at its location on the flange and assumes an effective length of the flange as three
times the distance from the fastener to the web. Solar panels cannot be considered as top
flange bracing, provide lateral torsional buckling resistance to the purlin, or be used for any
structural purpose other than delivering solar panel reactions to purlins.
3.5.3 Purlins to beam connection must be designed to resist torsion per AISI S100 Section
D3.2, including Appendix B. If there is no torsional bracing along purlins, then the full torsion for
the entire span needs to be resisted. If there is torsional bracing of the purlins between beams,
then use distance to brace points.
3.5.4 Blocking provided to reduce unbraced length of purlins shall be detailed to restrain both
web and flange of purlin in accordance with AISI S100-07 Section D3.2 (and Section D6.3.1 if
purlin flange is attached to diaphragm).
3.5.5 Such blocking, where used on structures without metal deck diaphragms, shall be
provided in rows in each bay between purlins across full width of roof plane to ensure that the
roof plane deflects uniformly.
3.6 High-Strength Bolts: All bolts that are part of the seismic load resisting system (SLRS)
(i.e., moment-resisting beam to column connections) shall be pretension high-strength bolts and
shall meet the requirements for AISC 341 Section D2.2 slip-critical faying surfaces with a Class
A surface or higher. Section D2.2 lists two conditions eligible for exemption from Class A faying
surface requirement. Bolted end plate moment connections are eligible for Exemption 2 of this
section; bolted side plate moment connections are not. Beam to column connections which are
functionally similar to bolted end plate moment connections (i.e., beam bottom flange bolted to
horizontal seat plate atop column; very small shear relative to the moment) are also eligible for
exemption from Class A faying surface requirement.
3.7 Structural Separation: Provide minimum seismic separations between adjacent
cantilevered column structures in accordance with CBC Section 1617A.1.15.
3.7.1 Conduits installed across a structural separation shall have adequate loop (slack) to
accommodate displacements between structures in accordance to ASCE 7 Section 13.3.2.2
with minimum vertical drop in the loop equal to the separation distance.
3.7.2 The Design Information section of the PC drawings shall define the maximum drift
demand for each cantilevered column structure type, configuration, and option. This information
is required so the following can be verified by design professionals and plan reviewers in the
site specific application of the PC design(s):
• Adequate separation is provided between adjacent structures.
• Adequate separation is provided relative to existing site structures.
• Utility details provide sufficient compensation for differential movement.
Refer to Appendix A for additional information.

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PC DESIGN CRITERIA FOR STEEL CANTILEVERED COLUMN STRUCTURES
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3.8 Drift: RC III and IV structures must comply with the drift limits per ASCE 7 Table 12.12-1.
This drift limit shall be applied at the edges of the roof structure which produce the most severe
drift. Exception: per footnote “c”, open structures classified as RC II are exempted from the drift
limits of this table.
4. LATERAL‒WIND
4.1 Wind Load: The wind design requirements are given in CBC Section 1609A. Freestanding
cantilevered column supported systems shall be designed using the open building provisions in
ASCE 7 Section 27.4.3. Net Pressure Coefficient CN shall be determined based upon the
specified angle of the roof slope, θ. A 3D analysis shall be performed on the structure for: 1)
gravity plus vertical wind and 2) gravity plus lateral wind loads for member design and to
determine the global vertical deflection at the free edges of the cantilevers. Maximum global
vertical deflection at end of beam shall not violate minimum clearances as required per specified
use, and in no case less than 7’-0” above highest adjacent grade.
4.2 Clear and Obstructed Wind Flow: Open structures shall be permitted to be designed for
Clear Wind Flow per ASCE 7 Figures 27.4-4 through 27.4-7 and Figures 30.7-1 through 30.7-3
if calculations are provided justifying the use of Clear. If not, then must design for both Clear
and Obstructed Wind Flow. Structures must be designed for both Clear and Obstructed Wind
Flow if located adjacent to a building or other obstruction, or in a bus yard.
The Design Information section of the PC drawings shall include a note stating if the PC
structure(s) is approved for both Clear and Obstructed Wind Flow. If the structure has only been
designed for Clear Wind Flow, the PC drawings shall also include notes and/or diagrams as
necessary to define the required site clearances for verification by the design professionals and
plan reviewers of site specific applications.
4.3 Cantilevered Beam Design: Where the Tributary Area is greater than 700 SF, the use of
MWFRS loads is permitted per ASCE 7 Section 30.2.3; otherwise design the cantilevered
beams for components and cladding wind loads.
4.4 Column Design
4.4.1 Must include wind load from projected area of column on column.
4.4.2 The moment at the bottom of the column shall include the moment from the roof beam
eccentricity to the column.
4.4.3 The moment at the bottom of the column shall include the horizontal reaction (due to
horizontal component of wind load) of the beam to the column.
4.4.4 Columns must include P-∆ (first order) effects of the ½” displacement of footings if two
times the lateral bearing pressures per CBC Section 1806A.3.4 is used. See Figure E below.
4.5 Panel Hold Down Design: Panel hold down connection shall be designed for Component
and Cladding loading per ASCE 7 Figures 30.7-1 through 30.7-3.
4.6 Purlin Design: Purlins shall be designed for Component and Cladding loading per ASCE 7
Figures 30.7-1 through 30.7-3.
All requirements noted in Section 3.5.1 above for Purlin Design for seismic loads are also
applicable for wind loads. All exposed framing not enclosed by a soffit system requires a
minimum of 16 psf per ASCE 7 Section 30.2.2 acting normal to the weak axis surface. This
minimum loading needs to be applied simultaneously with the up and down C&C loading.
4.7 Drift: For open structures, there is no drift limit for RC II structures; however, there are drift
limits for RC III and IV structures per CBC Section 1609A.1.2.
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(ORDINARY & SPECIAL): 2019 CBC
5. FOUNDATION
5.1 Allowable Soil Pressure and Bearing: Maximum soil pressure and bearing values shall
be in accordance with Class 5 soil in CBC Table 1806A.2 unless justified by a site-specific
geotechnical report. In order to use values above stated maximums for Class 5 soil, a statement
requiring a site-specific geotechnical report at the time of site application must be included in the
Design Information section on the PC drawings.
5.1.1 An allowable stress increase is not permitted for Basic Allowable Load Combinations
including footings per CBC Section 1605A.3.1. An allowable stress increase may be permitted
with Alternative Basic Load Combinations per CBC Section 1605A.3.2.
5.2 Lateral Bearing Pressure Increase: Allowed per CBC Section 1806A.3.4.
5.2.1 Under Design Information section, list the tabulated soils lateral bearing pressure value
before the increase and indicate whether this value has been increased per CBC Section
1806A.3.4 (which permits using two times tabular values) for pole footing design.
5.2.2 If two times the tabular value is used, the column shall be evaluated for the additional
imposed P-delta (first order) effects using a point of inflection at 70 percent of the pier depth.
Refer to Figure E. If this approach is used, include a note on the PC indicating the ½ inch
movement at the base was considered during design; thus,the lateral bearing pressure increase
per 1806A.3.4 is permitted.
5.3 Foundation Design Load: The design of the foundation elements (both pier footings and
shallow spread footings) and connections shall include overstrength factor for cantilever column
systems per ASCE 7 Section 12.2.5.2 and CBC Section 1617A.1.16.
5.4 Pier Footing: Comply with CBC Section 1810A.3.9 if the column anchors at the top of the
pier, or is partially embedded. See Sections 5.7, 5.13 and 5.14. See also BU 09-06, which can
be followed if the steel columns are embedded to within six inches of the bottom of the pier.
See Section 5.8 for pier footings used in combination with shallow spread footings.
In accordance with CBC Section 1810A.2.4, the depth of pier footing is permitted to be designed
per CBC Section 1807A.3.2 when the pier footing is assumed to be rigid. The pier footing may
be assumed to be rigid if the ratio of the specified depth (not the minimum depth required by
CBC Section 1807A.3.2) to diameter is equal to or less than eight (8)). Otherwise, the pier
footing design including its reinforcing shall consider the nonlinear interaction of the pier and soil
(e.g., L-pile analysis including group effects as required by CBC Section 1810A.2.5).
Maximum pier embedment depth for the purpose of computing lateral pressure (S1) is 12 feet
per CBC Section 1807A.3.2.1.
Provide a note in the Design Information section specifying minimum clearance required when
placing multiple steel cantilevered column structures. Design must consider group effects if
applicable per CBC Section 1810A.2.5.
5.5 Allowable Pier Footing Frictional Resistance and Uplift Capacity: The allowable
frictional resistance and uplift capacity used in the design shall be included in the Design
Information section.
When a site-specific geotechnical report is not available, CBC Section 1810A.3.3.1.4 can be
used to obtain allowable frictional resistance value. Presume Class 5 soils as noted in Section
3.1 above. For uplift capacity per CBC Section 1810A.3.3.1.5, a Factor of Safety of 3 shall be
applied to the frictional resistance value obtained in CBC Section 1810A.3.3.1.4; where uplift is
due to wind or seismic loading, a Factor of Safety of 2 can be used.

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5.6 Unconstrained vs. Constrained Ground Surface Condition: When CBC Section
1807A.3.2 is utilized, asphalt pavement does not constitute a “constrained” condition and does
not justify the use of CBC Equation 18A-2 to determine the required pier depth. Where the
constrained condition is used with concrete pavement, the reaction shall be adequately resisted
and justified by calculations. The construction necessary to resist this reaction shall be clearly
detailed on the PC drawings.
5.7 Pier Reinforcing: For piers with partial column embedment or a base plate with anchor
bolts, tie reinforcing shall comply with CBC Section 1810A.3.9.4.2, except the tie spacing need
not be less than the following where Pu<0.10f’cAg (see Figures A through D below). These
exceptions are only applicable to steel cantilevered column structures. This type of structure is
lightly loaded and has a low ductility demand. These exceptions may not be extended to any
other types of structures.
• Site Class A ‒ D: For the top 3d of the pier (where “d” is the pier diameter) provide the
smallest of d/4, 6db (where “db“ is the diameter of the longitudinal bars), and 6”. For the
remainder of section, provide smallest of d/2, 12db, and 12”. Refer to Figures A and C.
• Site Class E: For the top 7d of the pier (where “d” is the pier diameter) and 7d above
and below the interface of each soil stratum, provide the smallest of d/4, 6db (where “db“
is the diameter of the longitudinal bars), and 6”. For the remainder of section, provide
smallest of d/2, 12db, and 12”. Refer to Figures B and D.
For partially embedded columns, the ties shall be designed for the transfer force based on a
rational method and accepted principles of engineering mechanics.
5.8 Shallow Spread Footing: Shallow spread footings shall be designed per CBC Chapter
18A and for stability in accordance with CBC Section 1605A.1.1.
When the cantilevered column structure is supported by a combination of pier footing(s) and
shallow spread footing(s), all steel columns within the structure shall have the same column
heights/lengths unless the column stiffness is accounted for in design.
5.9 Foundations on or Adjacent to Slopes: PC drawings shall specify minimum setback
limits (values are required) of the structure per CBC Section 1808A.7.
Alternatively, the depth of required pier embedment can start from an elevation that corresponds
with a horizontal clear distance of seven times (7x) the pier diameter that intersects with the
slope (daylighting). If setback limits are smaller than CBC requires, a site-specific geotechnical
report is required. Refer to Appendix A for more information.
If the pier is lowered per the above requirements, then the design height of the column for the
purpose of calculating pier depth and moment must be increased to the theoretical top of the
required pier embedment depth.
5.10 Liquefiable Soil or Site Class F: PC options shall not include liquefiable soil nor site
class F. If the structure is located in an area with liquefiable soil or Site Class F, OTC submittal
is not allowed and site-specific project submittal is required. If the site is not in a mapped
liquefaction hazard zone, it may be presumed that no liquefaction hazard exists on that site
unless a site-specific geotechnical report identifies such hazard.
5.11 Concrete Mix
5.11.1 Unless concrete exposure is classified per the American Concrete Institute (ACI) 318
Section 19.3.1.1 whereby the concrete mix design can comply with ACI 318 Section 19.3.2.1,
concrete mix shall consist of Type V cement with minimum compressive strength of 4,500 psi
and maximum water/cement ratio of 0.45.
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5.11.2 If ACI 318 Section 19.3.2.1 is used for concrete mix design, the PC shall clearly indicate
the exposure levels applicable in the Design Information section. This may be tabulated for
multiple categories or limited to specific exposure categories with conservative values.
5.11.3 Concrete exposed to thaw and freeze cycles shall be air entrained per ACI 318 Section
19.3.3.1.
5.12 Conduit in Piers: The PC drawings shall clearly show the size and number of the
conduits adjacent to or penetrating through the pier. Provide elevation showing the location of
the conduits relative to the piers. The presence of conduits may cause the portion of pier above
the point of entry of conduits to be disregarded. The impact of conduit on the foundation
strength, effective column height, and depth of embedment for these affected piers shall be
justified by calculation.
Base plate design must also consider holes or notches for conduits. Details of holes and
notches in base plate must be included in the PC drawings.
5.13 Partially Embedded Columns: When cantilevered columns are partially embedded into
concrete foundation piers, BU 09-06 is not applicable.
5.13.1 The load transfer mechanism of partially embedded columns shall include the design of
both the column and concrete pier ties. Minimum column embedment depth into concrete pier
shall be the greater of the following:
• Seven times the least dimension of the column section.
• Minimum development length of the longitudinal pier reinforcing.
5.13.2 All embedded columns into pier footings shall have mechanical connection to resist
uplift. AISC 360 Section I6 provides an acceptable criteria for demonstrating the adequacy of
the load transfer from the partially embedded column to the drilled pier.
Exception: for steel columns with minimum 48” embedment into concrete, an allowable bonding
stress of 25 psi between steel columns and concrete is permitted to be utilized. The first 12” of
embedment must be disregarded and no increase in this allowable bonding stress value is
permitted for wind or seismic loads.
5.14 Column Base Connection
5.14.1 Embedment depth of the anchor rods shall be sufficient to lap with the longitudinal pier
reinforcement. The lap length shall be based on developing the longitudinal pier reinforcement
beyond the projected failure plane of the anchor bolt heads. Refer to Figures A through D and
ACI 318 Figure R17.4.2.9. The lap length is not permitted to be reduced based on providing
reinforcement beyond that required for the applied loads.
5.14.2 Anchor rods shall be designed for combined shear and tension. If the maximum grout
thickness between the top of footing and bottom of base plate exceeds two times the anchor rod
diameter, the anchor rods shall be designed for bending in combination with tension and shear.
Refer to American National Standards Institute/Telecommunication Industry Association
(ANSI/TIA)-222-H Section 4.9.9 and Design Guide 1: Base Plate and Anchor Rod Design
published by AISC. When oversized holes are used in the base plate, the design shall comply
with CBC Section 2204A.4.

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6. SOLAR PANELS
6.1 Solar Panel Requirements on PC Plans
6.1.1 PC drawings shall specify: “Solar panels shall be listed and labeled in accordance with
UL1703 per CBC Section 1510.7.2 for the panel orientations shown on PC plans.”
6.1.2 Solar panel orientation (portrait and/or landscape layouts); anchorage point location and
installation tolerance range shall be specified on the drawings for each configuration. Panel
connection geometry shall be consistent with UL 1703 tests (and UL 2703 tests if utilized). If
horizontal slip joints (e.g. thermal expansion joints) in framing members are present, solar
panels must not span across nor be connected on opposing sides of the slip joints.
6.1.3 PC drawings must specify overall solar panel dimensions and fully-dimensioned frame
configuration of panel assumed in design of structure, including height, length, width, thickness
of each web/flange and material grade. The actual panel to be installed shall be identified on PC
plans if known.
6.1.4 PC drawings must specify the required solar panel load rating (in psf) based on the
actual design wind pressure per Section 5 above based on an effective area equal to the area of
one PV panel. The required load rating shall be defined in terms of both allowable and strength
level capacity and clearly label both. Provide a drawing, table or similar means indicating the
actual design wind pressure similar to ASCE 7 Figures 30.7-1 to 30.7-3 that are used to
determine the point loads.
6.1.5 PC drawings shall specify: “The load ratings for the solar panels selected by the
contractor must meet or exceed the actual design wind pressures shown on the PC drawings.”
6.1.6 The PC drawings shall specify: “The owner’s site professional shall provide product
documentation from the solar panel supplier, including panel dimensions and load ratings, to the
PC design professional for review prior to submittal to DSA for plan review. Documentation shall
identify panel load ratings as allowable or strength level and specify whether the loads listed are
design or test values from the UL 1703 tests.” Upon acceptance, the PC design professional
shall provide a statement to owner’s site professional that the solar panels are in compliance
with the approved PC plans. The owner’s site professional shall submit the statement and panel
documentation to DSA with the plan review package. If solar panel type and size do not meet
the approved PC plan requirements, then that panel will not be permitted as a substitution until
a revision is made to the PC permitting such panel.
6.1.7 Panel anchorage details for each panel-to-purlin connector assembly that may be utilized
shall be fully detailed on the PC plans. Anchorage details must specify fastener and anchor
product information if used (manufacturer, model number, capacity, etc.) and installation
requirements (maximum and minimum torque, tightening of set screws, etc.). Omitting solar
panel anchorage design from PC is not permitted.
6.1.8 Connections utilizing pre-tensioned fasteners
6.1.8.1 Installation Procedure: Where pretensioned panel fasteners (e.g., bolts designed for
clamp load) are specified, PC drawings shall clearly state as a block note on the cover sheet
with a heading of “PV Panel Fastener Installation Procedure”:
“Prior to pretensioned panel fastener installation, the contractor must submit to the responsible
design engineer for review and acceptance a detailed pretensioned panel fastener installation
procedure outlining provisions to ensure all pretensioned panel fasteners are installed and
torqued within the specified minimum and maximum torque range. A copy of the responsible

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design professional-accepted installation procedure shall be provided to the special inspector
and project inspector prior to commencing panel fastener installation.”
Note: The fastener installation procedure may also be submitted at time of site-specific
application, and included on the site-specific contract documents.
6.1.8.2 Installation Verification Testing and Special Inspection: PC drawings having
pretensioned panel fastener connections shall specify on applicable panel connection detail(s):
“Special inspection and torque testing of pretensioned panel fastener installation shall be
performed by a qualified representative of the laboratory of record (LOR) in accordance with
Section 6.1.8 of DSA IR PC-7 PC Design Criteria for Steel Cantilevered Column Structures
(Ordinary and Special): 2019 CBC.
To ensure compliance with the contractor’s installation procedure and DSA-approved
construction documents, special inspection of pretensioned panel fastener installation shall be
performed as follows:
• Verify that specified fasteners are utilized.
• Verify that installers have access to and follow the installation procedure, including any
specified calibrated installation equipment.
• Each installer must demonstrate, with at least three distinct examples, acceptable initial
fastener installation for each panel installation configuration that they install for the
project.
• For projects with up to 1600 total panel fasteners, provide continuous special inspection
for each installer (unless the panel fastener testing frequency is increased as described
below).
• For projects with more than 1600 total panel fasteners, the first 1600 fasteners shall
follow the requirements for 1600 or fewer total panel fasteners. Special inspection
frequency may be reduced from continuous to periodic for the remaining panel
fasteners.
Torque testing of installed pretensioned panel fasteners (chosen randomly as specified in the
California Administrative Code (CAC), unless installation concerns suggest otherwise) to verify
that minimum torque values are achieved and that maximum values are not exceeded shall
occur at least at the rates shown below to verify conformance for each installer:
• Up to 1600 total panel fasteners: 20 percent (continuous special inspection for all
fasteners required unless the testing frequency is increased to achieve at least a 95
percent confidence level and 5 percent margin of error.)
• 3500 or more total panel fasteners: 10 percent (linear interpolation is permitted for panel
fasteners between 1600 and 3500).
• More than 7500 total panel fasteners 5 percent (linear interpolation is permitted for panel
fasteners between 3500 and 7500).
Exception: The above-noted torque testing minimums may be reduced to that which
achieves a 95 percent confidence level and 5 percent margin of error if the compliance rate
is above 50 percent for the first 30 tested for each installer and installation configuration.
If any fastener fails torque testing, all fasteners of the same type and by the same installer, but
not previously tested, shall be tested until twenty consecutive fasteners pass, then resume the
initial test frequency. Equipment and tools (e.g., torque wrenches) used for verification shall be
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provided by the LOR and calibrated in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations and
pertinent standard (e.g., ANSI/ASME B107)."
6.1.9 All other connections: Other connections not requiring pre-tensioned panel fasteners
do not require special inspection; all connections not receiving special inspection shall be
inspected by the project inspector (PI). All panel connection detail(s) on the PC drawings that do
NOT utilize pre-tensioned fasteners shall include the following note:
“The panel connections detailed here do not require pre-tensioned fasteners and therefore do
not require special inspection. These connections shall be inspected by the Project inspector
(PI), who shall provide detailed daily inspection reports in accordance with IR 17-12.”
6.2 Solar Panel Attachment Design Requirements
6.2.1 Solar panels installed on open-frame structures without metal-deck diaphragms shall be
anchored to the structural member (purlins) for the design wind and seismic forces based upon
the panel tributary area to each connector. Fasteners must resist combined tension (from wind
uplift forces and resulting prying action) and shear (from deflection/catenary action of the panel
from wind uplift); and tensile fatigue. Unless in-plane roof diaphragm (racking) deflection is
limited in accordance with Section 4.1 above, design must also consider shear due to racking
from in-plane roof seismic forces. The attachment design shall comply with one of the following
methods A, B, or C:
• Method A: Panels attached directly to purlins with high-strength pre-tensioned
bolts: Bolts must be sized in accordance with Sections 6.4, 6.5 and 6.6 of UL 2703.
Vertical load testing in accordance with Section 21 of UL 2703 of the panel/fastener
assembly will not be required.

Requirements of a high-strength pre-tensioned bolt include all of the following: a

minimum tensile strength of 95 ksi, a minimum yield strength of 60 ksi, a minimum
elongation of 14 percent, and a minimum reduction in area of 35 percent (ASTM F593C
bolts would be an example of a high-strength bolt meeting this criteria).
Minimum and maximum torque (or upper- and lower-bound pretension force) shall be
specified on the PC plans in accordance with the bolt manufacturer’s specifications.
Grounding devices as described in Section 8 of UL 2703 may be utilized provided
bonding is achieved at or below the maximum torque.
• Method B: Panels attached to purlins with standard bolts in oversized holes in
purlin flange; or panels attached to purlins with clamps that rely on friction,
interlock, or overlap (i.e., solar panels are not directly bolted or screwed to the
purlins): For bolts in oversized holes, the hole diameter shall accommodate in-plane
deflection due to racking, assuming panel remains rigid, without inducing shear on the
bolt. Where clamps are used, they must be anchored to purlins with bolts, pre-tensioned
bolts or screws designed to meet the tension, shear and fatigue* design requirements
described above (compliance with Sections 6.4, 6.5 and 6.6 of UL 2703 will be
considered to satisfy these requirements). If bolts or clamps are fastened to an angle clip
attached to purlin, the design of the clip and attachment to the purlin must also account
for shear, tension, and prying.
*When fatigue is calculated, allowable tensile stresses of the fastener and base
metal shall be evaluated for a minimum of 200,000 cycles. In no case shall the
design tensile stress exceed one-half the allowable design stresses of the
fastener and base metal.

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Vertical load testing in accordance with Section 21 of UL 2703 of the panel/fastener
assembly is required prior to the approval of PC plans. The purlin segments used for
testing, if not full-length per the PC plans, shall have a defined stiffness that results in
similar (or greater) beam curvature and torsional rotation as the full-length purlins and
must extend far enough beyond the panel points of connection to allow deformations in
the purlin flanges and panel frame flanges to develop. If blocking between purlins is
required on the PC plans, then blocking may be included in the test specimen to reflect
actual use conditions. The panel used in the test shall be representative of the minimum
dimensions and frame parameters specified on the PC plans. The test protocol shall be
submitted to DSA for acceptance prior to conducting the test.
• Method C: Panels utilizing attachment methods other than A or B above must be
provided with a safety device (e.g., safety cable) independent of the primary
panel/fastener assembly. The safety device must restrain the panels from dislodging
from the structure and becoming a falling hazard. The safety device must be designed
for all applicable forces when the device is engaged and the primary attachment method
has failed.
6.2.2 Attachment of solar panels installed over structures with metal-deck diaphragms shall
comply with requirements of this section. Alternatively, panels are permitted to be supported by
and fastened to a rack or rail system (or equivalent) satisfying UL 2703. Attachment of rack or
rail system to structure shall comply with recommendations of SEAOC PV-1, SEAOC PV-2 and
CBC.
6.2.3 For all attachments that include bolts, the design shall include a mechanism for retention
of nuts and prevention of loosening thereafter.
6.3 Cyclic Testing of Panel/Fastener Assembly: Each purlin/panel fastener assembly
described in Sections 6.2.1a, b or c above shall require cyclic testing in accordance with a DSA
accepted protocol (See Appendix B, this document) unless the roof plane is equipped with a
metal deck roof diaphragm, in-plane roof diagonal bracing, or deflection-limiting structural
framing per Section 3.1.3 above. Cyclic test shall demonstrate the connector and panel do not
experience slippage, shifting or distress through the calculated differential wind or seismic in-
plane roof drift between adjacent purlins for the panel orientation on the PC plans. If both panel
orientations are shown on PC plans, the test need only be performed for the orientation that
yields the more severe requirements.
6.4 Alternate Design Method in Lieu of Testing: As an alternate to vertical and/or lateral
cyclic testing of specific panel and bolt or clamp assemblies per Sections 6.2 and 6.3 above,
with DSA pre-approval of the method, a FEM analysis of the complete structure/panel assembly
under seismic and wind loads accounting for rotations and displacements of all elements of all
members, including the solar panels, may be performed to demonstrate adequacy of the
structure, solar panels and their attachments.
In lieu of a FEM analysis for wind, a wind tunnel test of an appropriate model of the complete
structure/panel assembly may be performed.
6.5 Summary of Testing Requirements: See Figure F for a summary of testing requirements
as mentioned in Sections 3.1.3, 3.5.1, 4.6, 6.2 and 6.3. Section 6.4 denotes requirements for an
alternate design method in lieu of testing.
6.6 Installation Verification Testing and Special Inspection: Special inspection and testing
of pre-tensioned panel fastener installation shall be performed by a by a qualified representative
of the LOR as indicated in Section 6.1.8. Employers of special inspectors shall be as specified
in the California Administrative Code.
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All special inspection activities shall be recorded by providing detailed daily inspection reports
per IR 17-12: Special Inspection Reporting Requirements and be transmitted as required by the
California Administrative Code (CAC).
6.7 Pre-tensioned Panel Fastener Material Identification Testing: All pre-tensioned
fasteners utilized in panel attachment connections shall be received in sealed containers and be
readily identifiable for manufacturer, material specification, grade, size and type. Fastener
identification shall be documented by a representative of the LOR. Undentifiable fasteners shall
be sampled and tested by a DSA-accepted laboratory at the frequencies prescribed in Section
3.2 of IR 17-8: Sampling and Testing of High-Strength Structural Bolts, Nuts and Washers.
Identifiable pre-tensioned fasteners shall be sampled and tested by a DSA-accepted laboratory
at the frequencies prescribed in IR 17-8 Section 3.1.
7. ACCESS COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENTS
7.1 Protruding Objects in Circulation Areas: Protruding objects such as column-mounted
equipment shall comply with CBC Section 11B-307.
7.2 Vertical Clearance in Circulation Areas: Vertical clearance to supporting structures shall
comply with CBC Section 11B-307.4.
7.3 Vertical Clearance at Accessible Parking and Electric Vehicle Charging Stations:
Vertical clearance at accessible parking spaces, access aisles and vehicular routes serving
them shall comply with CBC Sections 11B-502.5 and 11B-812.4.
7.4 Vertical Clearance at Passenger Drop-Off and Loading Zones: Vertical clearance at
vehicle pull-up spaces, access aisles and along the vehicular route shall comply with CBC
Section 11B-503.5.
8. FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
8.1 Type of Construction: Specify type of construction per CBC Chapter 6 in design
information on coversheet.
8.2 Total Area of Structure: Specify total area of structure in Design Information on
coversheet and demonstrate that total area does not exceed allowable area per CBC Table
506.2 based on type of construction and proposed occupancy classification(s).
8.3 Use and Occupancy Classification(s): Specify proposed use and occupancy
classification(s) per CBC Chapter 3 in Design Information on coversheet.

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Figure A

Spiral Reinforcing in Site Classes A-D

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Figure B

Spiral Reinforcing in Site Class E

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Figure C

Tie Reinforcing in Site Classes A-D

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Figure D

Tie Reinforcing in Site Class E

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Figure E

½” surface displacement per CBC Section 1806A.3.4

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Figure F

Summary of Testing Requirements for Solar Panel Attachments

REFERENCES:
2019 California Code of Regulations (CCR) Title 24
Part 1; California Administrative Code (CAC), Section 4-333(b)8.
Part 2: Califorina Building Code (CBC), Chapters 3 and 6, Sections 104.11, 11B-307, 11B-502.5, 11B-503.5,
11B-812.4, 1510.7.2, 1603A.1.8.1, 1604A.5, 1605A.1.1, 1605A.3.1, 1605A.3.2, 1609A, 1612A, 1806A.3,
1807A.3, 1808A.7, 1810A.2, 1810A.3, 1812A, 2202A.1, 2203A.1, 2204A.4, Tables 506.2, 1004.5, 1604A.3,
1604A.5, 1806A.2.

This IR is intended for use by DSA staff and by design professionals to promote statewide consistency for review and
approval of plans and specifications as well as construction oversight of projects within the jurisdiction of DSA, which
includes State of California public schools (K‒12), community colleges and state-owned or state-leased essential
services buildings. This IR indicates an acceptable method for achieving compliance with applicable codes and
regulations, although other methods proposed by design professionals may be considered by DSA.
This IR is subject to revision at any time. Please check DSA’s website for currently effective IRs. Only IRs listed on
the webpage at https://www.dgs.ca.gov/dsa/publications at the time of project application submittal to DSA are
considered applicable.

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APPENDIX A SITE-SPECIFIC APPLICATION OF PC STEEL CANTILEVERED COLUMN
STRUCTURES
The following notes are provided as a guide to assist design professionals and DSA plan
reviewers when preparing and reviewing site-specific project applications that incorporate PC
steel cantilevered column structures designed in accordance with this IR. This Appendix is not
intended to be an all-inclusive list of design and submittal requirements, but rather is an aid to
identify aspects of the design criteria described in this IR of particular interest to its site
application.
Refer also to PL 07-02 for site-specific requirements that are applicable to both OTC and
regular plan review projects utilizing PC project types.
1. Verify site-specific suitability of the PC Steel Cantilevered Column Structure including all
parameters in PL 07-02 Section 3.
2. Verify site-specific requirements of PL 07-02 Section 4 are met.
3. Verify the Risk Category (RC) and occupancy classification of the site-specific design is
compliant with the Design Information section of the approved PC. RC determination is based
on the Occupant Load (OL) of the site-specific code analysis and Occupant Load Factors (OLF)
per CBC Table 1004.5. Refer to Section 1.6 above for additional information. The following are
some examples of common Use and Occupancy classifications with associated OLF and sizing
limits for RC II:
3.1 Lunch Shelter - Assembly Use ‘A-2’: OLF = 15 square feet (SF)/person or if a combination
of table-bench seating is provided, 18 inches/person measured along linear bench length.
Group ‘A’ structures with OLF of 15 must not exceed (300 x 15 =) 4,500 SF for RC II.
3.2 Shade Structure - Concentrated Assembly, Group ‘A’: OLF = 7 SF/person or if fixed
seating is provided, calculate per CBC Section 1004.6. Group ‘A’ structures with OLF of 7 must
not exceed (300 x 7 =) 2,100 SF for RC II.
3.3 Shade Structure - Outdoor Instructional Use, Group ‘E’: OLF = 20 SF/person. Group ‘E’
structures with OLF of 20 must not exceed (250 x 20 =) 5,000 SF for RC II.
3.4 Shade Structure over Playground Equipment, Group ‘E’ (classified same as the campus):
OLF = 20 SF/person shall be utilized for purposes of assigning a risk category. Group ‘E’
structures with OLF of 20 must not exceed (250 x 20 =) 5,000 SF for RC II.
3.5 Shade Structure and/or PV over Parking: Group ‘S-2’ or ‘U’ (determined by design
professional): OLF = 200 SF/person. Structures assigned this Use are unlikely to exceed RC II
unless utilized for emergency vehicles.
4. Regardless of size, if a structure that would otherwise qualify as RC II provides shelter for
emergency vehicles or equipment; or provides required access to, required egress from or
shares life safety components with an RC III or IV building, the more restrictive RC must be
applied. See CBC Section 1604A.5.1, including the exception for storm shelters constructed in
accordance with ICC 500.
5. Review the Appendix of the site-specific DSA 103 for any exemptions from the required
structural tests and special inspections. Applicability and consideration of exemptions may be
discussed during plan review for site-specific applications and shall be justified by the applicable
project design professional for DSA review and approval. Refer to Section 1.3 above for
additional information.

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6. In addition to the requirements of PL 07-02 Section 4.9, if the site is located in a flood zone
other than Zone X, verify a validation letter from a geotechnical engineer is provided. Refer to
Section 1.7 above for additional information.
7. Geohazard Reports: If the site-specific structure design exceeds 4,000 Sq. Ft. or is located
within state or local geologic hazard zones, verify submittal and approval of a geohazard report
by CGS in accordance with IR A-4. The structures may be split into multiple seismically
separated structures to stay below the 4,000 Sq. Ft. trigger. Refer to Section 1.8 above for
additional information.
8. If the site is classified as Site Class D or E and the seismic design of the PC is not based on
the short period seismic response parameter SDS as indicated in the Design Information section
of the PC drawings, verify if a site-specific ground motion hazard analysis is required. Refer to
Section 3.3.2 above for additional information.
9. If soil pressure and bearing values exceed Class 5 soil as specified in CBC Table 1806A.2,
a site-specific geotechnical report shall be provided at the time of site application to justify
values used. Refer to Section 5.1 above for additional information.
10. If drilled pier foundations are used and multiple structures are placed at a site, verify the
site-specific drawings comply with the clearance requirements listed on the PC drawings. Refer
to Section 5.4 above for additional information.
11. If drilled pier foundations are used and the constrained ground surface condition option is
applied, verify the site-specific drawings comply with the ground surface requirements defined
on the PC drawings. Note: Asphalt concrete is not acceptable. Refer to Section 5.6 above for
additional information.
12. If the foundation of the steel cantilevered column structure contains both drilled piers and
shallow spread footings, verify all columns are the same height unless differing column heights
are specifically allowed by the PC drawings. Refer to Section 5.8 above for additional
information.
13. If structures are placed on or adjacent to a slope, verify the site-specific drawings comply
with the setback and/or pier embedment requirements defined on the PC drawings. Refer to
Section 5.9 above for additional information.
14. If a ground motion cap is applied to the value of SDS in determination of the seismic base
shear, verify the required criteria per ASCE 7 Section 12.8.1.3 are met at time of OTC or project
submittal. In addition, verify the value of SDS for the site-specific application does not exceed the
value of SDS (no cap) listed on the PC drawings. Refer to Section 3.3 above for additional
information.
15. If the site has a ground snow load greater than zero, verify the steel cantilevered column
structure is positioned with sufficient distance from any adjacent structure as defined on the PC
drawings. If the horizontal separation is less than 20-ft, snow drift analysis shall be provided by
the PC applicant, and the project is not eligible for OTC review. Refer to Section 2.3 above for
additional information.
16. Verify the structure location on the site complies with the dimensional requirements for
separation from existing structures or other new structures as defined on the PC drawings.
Unless a detailed analysis is provided, the movement of an adjacent existing structure shall be
assumed to be that corresponding to the maximum drift allowed by the governing code at the
time of the existing structure’s design or construction. Refer to Section 3.8 above for additional
information.

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DIVISION OF THE STATE ARCHITECT DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL SERVICES STATE OF CALIFORNIA
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PC DESIGN CRITERIA FOR STEEL CANTILEVERED COLUMN STRUCTURES
(ORDINARY & SPECIAL): 2019 CBC
17. Verify utility and services lines crossing structure separation joints are designed to
accommodate, without rupture or distress, the differential movement as defined on the PC
drawings. Refer to Section 3.8 above for additional information.
18. If the steel cantilevered column structure is only approved for Clear Wind Flow (as
specified in the Design Information section), verify the location of the structure(s) on the site
meets the clearance requirements defined on the PC drawings. Refer to Section 4.2 above for
additional information.
19. Verify the solar panel documentation and acceptance letter from the PC design
professional is provided. Refer to Section 6.1 above for additional information.

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PC DESIGN CRITERIA FOR STEEL CANTILEVERED COLUMN STRUCTURES
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APPENDIX B CYCLIC TESTING OF SOLAR PANEL CONNECTORS
In-plane cyclic testing shall be performed when required by Section 6.3 above. The
cyclic test shall demonstrate the connector and panel do not experience slippage,
shifting or distress through the calculated differential wind or seismic in-plane roof drift
between adjacent purlins for the panel orientation on the PC plans. If both panel
orientations are shown on PC plans, the test need only be performed for the orientation
that yields the more severe requirements.
1. TEST PROTOCOL
1.1 When solar panel connectors are required to be cyclically tested, the following test
methodology will be acceptable to DSA. Other test methodologies may be proposed. However,
the complete written protocol shall be submitted to DSA for approval in advance of the tests
being conducted. The tests shall be performed or witnessed by a nationally recognized
laboratory or by a DSA certified laboratory. A written report shall be provided to the responsible
PC design professional, who shall include a copy of the report to DSA with the PC plan
submittal.
2. SAMPLE TYPE AND SIZE
2.1 The test, performed with materials and fasteners specified on the PC plans, may be
performed using a minimum of one panel mounted on two parallel purlin segments in the
orientation intended for use. The solar panel used in the test must be of equivalent or greater
load rating than the panel requirements provided on the PC plan. The purlin segments must
extend beyond the test panel a distance equal to the adjacent panel’s anchors assuming a
multi-panel array. One end of one purlin segment shall be restrained in both the longitudinal and
transverse direction, and the opposite end restrained in the transverse direction only. The other
purlin segment shall be free to move longitudinally and be restrained in the transverse direction
at both ends. See Figure 2.1.

APPARATUS
2.2 The apparatus shall be capable of applying a reverse cycle displacement in increasing step
intervals to the unrestrained purlin. Between the end connections, the purlins shall not be
restrained from displacing normal to or rotating about their longitudinal axis.

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2.3 The test apparatus shall include a means of recording the applied longitudinal
displacement and the corresponding force applied to develop the displacement for each cycle.
3. LOADING CRITERIA
3.1 The cyclic racking load criteria shall increase the displacement in sinusoidal (crescendo)
stepped intervals that ramp up to the expected seismic displacement (z) in the horizontal roof
plane noted on the PC plans, similar to AAMA 501.6-09 and ATC 24 (1992). The expected
seismic displacement is the calculated differential deflection in the roof plane between
corresponding panel connectors on the parallel purlins in the longitudinal axis of the purlins (see
Figure 4.1). Prior to loading the unrestrained purlin, a starting point shall be located and marked.
Each interval shall consist of a push and pull to the assigned step displacement on each side of
the starting point; beginning and ending at the starting point. The crescendo intervals shall step
up in deflection as follows: 0.25z, 0.5z, 0.75z, 1.0z, 1.25z, 1.25z, 1.25z, 1.25z & 1.5z. Each
complete interval in the displacement cycle shall be performed at a frequency not to exceed 60
seconds, unless otherwise approved by DSA in the test protocol.

ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
Definition: Distress shall include, but not be limited to, in-plane or out-of-plane
distortion/deformation or failure of the panel frame or glazing, evidence of shearing, elongation
or distortion in the anchor or anchor device, and scoring or galling of the bearing contact
surfaces.
3.2 Connectors allowing slip of panel relative to purlin
3.2.1 The solar panels may rotate and slip/shift such that no distress in the panel, connector or
purlin is observed during the test nor is visible after the test is complete. After test is completed,
the panel flange, bolt and purlin flange shall be inspected. No deformation or distress is
acceptable in any component of the assembly.
3.2.2 For clamp connectors that have an internal element (such as a pin, formed or cast tab,
etc.) that restrains the panel from dislodging, the panels may shift or slip negligibly such that no
visible distress in the panels is observed during or after loading of the displacement. After test is
completed, the panel flange, connector device, connector fasteners, and purlin flange shall be
inspected. No deformation or distress is acceptable in any component of the assembly.
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PC DESIGN CRITERIA FOR STEEL CANTILEVERED COLUMN STRUCTURES
(ORDINARY & SPECIAL): 2019 CBC
3.3 Connectors not allowing slip of panel relative to purlin
3.3.1 No distress in the panel or connectors shall be visible and no slippage or shifting of
panels shall be measurable during or after loading of the displacement. After test is completed,
the panel flange, connector device, connector fasteners, and purlin flange shall be inspected.
No deformation or distress is acceptable in any component of the assembly.
3.4 Supplementary Restraining Devices
3.4.1 For purposes of testing supplemental restraining devices, the panels shall not be
connected to the supporting purlins and shall be free to shift, slip or rotate such that no visible
distress in the panel flange, glazing, purlins, restraining device and its attachment to the purlins
is observed during or after loading of the displacement. No deformation or distress is acceptable
in any component of the assembly.
3.4.2 If the panels can dislodge and potentially fall from the purlins, the supplemental
restraining device must be capable of supporting the panels for gravity and/or wind loads.
4. REPORTING
4.1 The test report shall include the name and address of the testing laboratory, location of test
site, date when test was completed, and date of issuance of report. The report shall be signed
by the laboratory engineering manager.
4.2 The test report shall also include the following:
4.2.1 Identification and description of the specimen(s) – panel manufacturer and frame
dimensions; connector model, material, type, size, dimensions and method of attachment to
purlins; purlin type, size, length; blocking type size and connection to purlin; detail of purlin end
connections to apparatus; and any other pertinent information.
4.2.2 Dimension of purlins and location of panels and connectors on purlins.
4.2.3 A drawing of the test panel/connector/purlin assembly indicating location of measuring
devices and movement devices.
4.2.4 Complete description of test measurements and visual characterization of system and
components both prior to horizontal displacement and after completion of each specified
displacement interval.
4.2.5 A clear, definitive, written statement summarizing the observed performance of the panel
test specimen in relation to the displacement requirements for the panels.
4.2.6 Additional observations made by testing agency personnel during testing that may aid
the specifier in evaluating system performance.

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DIVISION OF THE STATE ARCHITECT DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL SERVICES STATE OF CALIFORNIA