Science6 Q2 Mod6 EcosystemTropicalRainforestsCoralsReefsandMangroveSwamps V4

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6

Science
Quarter 2 – Module 6
Ecosystem: Tropical Rainforests,
Coral Reefs and Mangrove Swamps

CO_Q2_Science6_ Module 6
6

Science
Quarter 2 – Module 6:
Ecosystem: Tropical Rainforests,
Coral Reefs and Mangrove
Swamps
Science – Grade 6
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 6: Ecosystem: Tropical Rainforests, Coral Reefs and Mangrove
Swamps
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Published by the Department of Education


Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module


Writers: Nancy N. Torres, Judy C. Villanueva, Jamicah B. Barcenal,
Juliemar D. Lestimoso
Editors: Rovel Sacedo, Ma. Ana C. Ebon
Reviewers: Marilou D. Aribas, Ana Maria M. Espende, Ester I. Posadas,
Eleah Joy T. Poneles, Girlie A. Panaguiton
Illustrator: Ronald R. Castillo, Kharlo L. Gambale
Layout Artist: Joel R. Capuyan, Roxan E. Del Castillo
Graphic Artist: Gilbert Paulo C. Pagapang
Management Team: Ma. Gemma M. Ledesma, Josilyn S. Solana, Allan B. Yap,
Lynee A. Peñaflor, Elena P. Gonzaga, Donald T. Ginine,
Rovel R. Salcedo, Ma. Lourdes V. Teodoro, Ma. Ana C. Ebon,
Raymund L. Santiago

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Region VI-Western Visayas

Office Address: Duran Street, Iloilo City, Philippines, 5000


Telefax: (033) 336-2816, (033) 509-7653
E-mail Address: [email protected]
What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the different interactions of living things and non-living things in tropical
rainforests, coral reefs and mangrove swamps. The scope of this module is used in
many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into three lessons, namely:


• Lesson 1. Identifying and discussing the interactions among living and non-
living things in tropical rainforests
• Lesson 2. Identifying and discussing the interactions among living and non-
living things in coral reefs
• Lesson 3. Identifying and discussing the interactions among living and non-
living things in mangrove swamps

After going through this module, you are expected to:


1. Identify and discuss the interactions among living and non-living things in
tropical rainforests
2. Identify and discuss the interactions among living and non-living things in
coral reefs
3. Identify and discuss the interactions among living and non-living things in
mangrove swamps

1 CO_Q2_Science6_ Module 6
What I Know

Directions: Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the best answer. Write
your answer on your answer sheet.

1. What are the things needed by plants to make their own food?
A. water, chemicals and oxygen
B. oxygen and carbon dioxide
C. oxygen and chemicals
D. carbon dioxide, soil and sunlight

2. What kind of interaction is shown when worms live in the guts and flesh of
a fish?
A. mutualism
B. commensalism
C. predation
D. parasitism

3. What kind of interaction is shown when monkeys in tropical rainforest


compete for food with other animals?
A. mutualism
B. commensalism
C. competition
D. predation

4. Which of the following represents the ecosystem?

Ecosystem
A. Living Community Non-living

Ecosystem
B. Living Community Non-living

Ecosystem
C. Living Community Non-living

D. Living Community Non-living

5. Which of the following pairs of organisms shows commensalism?


A. butterfly sucking the flowers
B. ferns attached to a tree
C. flatworms in coral reefs
D. snake eating a rat

2 CO_Q2_Science6_ Module 6
6. Which of the following describes a canopy of the rainforest?
A. composed of trees that are 130 to 180 feet tall
B. about 59 feet and consists of trunk of canopy, shrubs, small plants
and trees
C. consists mostly of fungi, insects, worms and litter from taller trees
D. has slender tees from a dense platform of vegetation with 60 to 129
feet

7. Why is producer important in an ecosystem?


A. It is the source of food to the consumers.
B. It is an organism that eats plants.
C. It breaks down organism into smaller particles.
D. It is a series of feeding relationship.

8. ___________________________ results from the interconnected food chains.


A. consumer
B. producer
C. food web
D. biotic component

9. A reef that stands between the open sea and a lagoon refers to
A. Barrier Reefs
B. Fringing Reefs
C. Coral Atolls
D. Coral reefs

10. Why is there a need to protect and conserve the mangrove swamp
ecosystem?
A. It is home to animals like jaguar, monkey and owl.
B. It serves as breeding or nesting grounds of fishes.
C. It protects sea animals like sponges, mollusks and crustaceans.
D. It provides livelihood to the farmers.

Lesson
Ecosystem: Tropical
1 Rainforests
Living things and non-living things interact with each other in a Tropical
Rainforest Ecosystem. Living things include plants and animals. Non-living things
include soil, air, humidity, water and sunlight.

3 CO_Q2_Science6_ Module 6
What’s In

Directions: The following are found in tropical rainforests. Classify them as living or
non-living things. Write your answers in your Science Journal.

tropical shrubs trees birds


carbon dioxide sunlight oxygen

Living Things Non-living Things

What’s New

Have you gone to a forest? How will you describe this ecosystem? How do
living and non-living things interact in this ecosystem? Write your answer in your
Science Journal.

Figure 1: Tropical rainforest

What is It

The Ecosystem is an environment where both living and non-living things exist
and interact with one another. This interaction enables the survival of living things
and affects non-living things. Example of ecosystem is the tropical rainforests. Living
things that can be found here (are) please add composed of plants and animals. Non-
living things include soil, air, humidity, water and sunlight.

4 CO_Q2_Science6_ Module 6
Rainforest has different layers namely emergent, canopy, understory and
forest floor. Emergent refers to trees that are 130 to 180 feet tall. Canopy, on the
other hand, has tall slender trees from a dense platform of vegetation with 60 to 129
feet of the ground. The understory is about 59 feet and below and consists of trunks
of canopy, shrubs, trees and small plants. The forest floor is home to animals like
jaguars, tigers and cassowaries which thrive in a deep shade part of the forest where
plant life is thin. This is because only a small percent of sunlight gets through the
thick canopy and understory and reaches the forest floor. Organisms like fungi,
insects, worms and litter from taller trees that fall on the forest floor can be found
here.

Figure 2: Layers of the rainforest

Producers provide food for the consumers which include herbivores-plant


eating animals and carnivores-flesh eating animals. Herbivores provide food to the
carnivores. Producers include trees, shrubs and other plant life in the forest.

Feeding relationships like food chain and food web occur among species in the
forest ecosystem. Food chain starts with producer, a series of consumers and
decomposers. Food web results from the interconnected food chains.

5 CO_Q2_Science6_ Module 6
Figure 3: Food chain

Figure 4: Food web

There are different organisms living in this ecosystem which interact with each
other. There are interactions that exist among the organisms in the tropical
rainforests.

Commensalism is an interaction
where organisms live together without
harming one another for example
orchids is attached to the trunk of a tree
without harming it.

6 CO_Q2_Science6_ Module 6
In mutualism both organisms benefit
in the relationship for example, a bee or
butterfly suck nectar from a flower and
the flower reproduces.

Competition is an interaction
wherein organisms compete for survival.
For example, grass, shrubs, flowers, and
trees grow together in one area where
they compete for source of food,
sunlight, soil nutrients and other things
needed for their survival.

Predation is a kind of interaction in


which one organism kills smaller
organisms for food. An example of this is
when a snake eats a rat for food.
Predator usually organisms which are
stronger, bigger and fiercer compared to
prey.

What’s More

Directions: Read carefully and answer the following items. Write your answers in
your Science Journal.
• What are the interactions that exist among living things and non-living things
in the tropical rainforest?

• Discuss interaction between plants and sunlight in a tropical rainforest


ecosystem.

• What will happen if producers will decrease in a rainforest ecosystem?

7 CO_Q2_Science6_ Module 6
• Are the interactions among living things and non-living things important?
Why?

What I Have Learned

Directions: Complete the paragraph below. Choose your answer from the words
inside the box. Write your answer in your Science Journal.

mutualism ecosystem understory commensalism canopy

predation emergent forest floor food chain food web

I learned that …

The______________________ is an environment where both living and non-living


things exist and interact with one another.

The different layers of the rainforest are _________________, _________________,


__________________, and ____________________.

_____________________ is a series of feeding relationship, while_______________


is an inter-connected food chain.

_____________________ is an interaction where organisms live together without


harming one another, for example, the orchids (is) are attached to the trunk of a
tree without harming it. In________________________, both organisms benefit in
the relationship. _______________________ is a kind of interaction in which one
organism kills smaller organisms for food?

What I Can Do

Directions: Read the paragraph and answer the questions that follow. Write your
answer in your Science Journal.
Living things and non-living things interact with each other in a Tropical
Rainforest Ecosystem. This interaction enables the survival of living things and
affects non-living things. Can you identify the living and non-living things in a
Tropical Rainforest? Discuss their interaction.
Example: Plants and carbon-dioxide - Plants need carbon dioxide for food-
making, in return, it releases oxygen during the process of photosynthesis

8 CO_Q2_Science6_ Module 6
Additional Activities

Directions: The table below shows the different interactions in a tropical rainforest.
Choose the correct organism that shows the kind of interaction in a given
ecosystem. Write the letter of the correct answer in your Science Journal.

Interaction in
Organisms Involved
Tropical rainforests
1. Mutualism A. The shrubs, flowers and trees grow in one area.
B. The butterfly sucks nectar from a flower; flower
reproduces.
2. Commensalism A. The birds eat worms.
B. The orchids attach to a branch of a tree.
3. Competition A. The orchids attach to a branch of a tree.
B. The grass, flowers, trees grow together in one area
4. Cooperation A. The ants in a colony.
B. The snake eats a rat.
5. Predation A. The snake eats a rat.
B. The ferns attach on a tree.

Lesson

2 Ecosystem: Coral Reefs

A coral reef is rich with marine life. It is a marine biome. It is composed of


non-living things and living things. The living part composed of different species
like fish, sea grass, corals, sponges and other marine animals.

What’s In

Direction: The following are found in coral reefs. Classify them as living or non-
living things. Write your answers in your Science Journal.
1. crab
2. turtle
3. fish
4. sand
5. water

9 CO_Q2_Science6_ Module 6
What’s New

Directions: Answer the following questions below. Write your answers in your
Science Journal.

Have you gone to a coral reef? How will you describe this ecosystem? How do
living and non-living things interact in coral reefs ecosystem.

Figure 5: Coral reef ecosystem

What is It

Coral reefs serve as habitat for many animals. They are a breeding ground of
marine life. It is composed of non-living components such as water and sand and
living components such as fish, crustaceans, mollusks, cnidarians, sponges and
echinoderms.

Just like in other ecosystems, in coral reefs, organisms interact with each
other. The producers like sea grass, provide food and nutrients to the consumers.
These consumers include sea turtles, crabs, manatees (dugong), fishes and other
marine animals.

The factors that contribute to the coral reef formation are temperature, light
penetration, stable salinity and water movement.

There are different categories of coral reefs. Fringing reefs are reefs that hug
the shore of continents or islands. Barrier reefs are reefs that stand between the open
sea and a lagoon. Coral atolls are reefs that enclose a lagoon.

There are interactions that exist in the coral reefs’ ecosystem.

10 CO_Q2_Science6_ Module 6
Commensalism is an interaction
where organisms live together without
harming one another, for example,
barnacles attached on skin of turtles
without harming them. Barnacles are
benefitted while the host is not harmed.

In mutualism, both organisms


benefit in the relationship, for example,
the corals receive oxygen from the
algae; the algae get protection from
them.

Competition is an interaction
wherein organisms compete for
survival. For example, the fishes
compete for source of food and space
in the coral reef.

Predation is a kind of interaction in


which one organism kills smaller
organisms for food. An example of this
is when a big fish eats a small fish.
The predator which a big fish benefits
in the interaction while the prey, a
small fish is harmed.

Parasitism is a kind of interaction


where one organism, the parasite,
depends on another organism for food,
production and reproduction. An
example of this is when the worm lives
in the guts and flesh of fish. The worm
is benefitted while the fish is harmed
by the parasite.

11 CO_Q2_Science6_ Module 6
What’s More

Directions: Answer the following questions. Write your answers in your Science
journal.
1. What are the living and non-living things found in the coral reefs?

2. How do they interact with each other?

Discuss the relationship or interaction between:

3. Big fish and small fish

4. Worm in the flesh and guts of fish

5. Are these interactions important? Why?

What I Have Learned

Directions: Complete the paragraph. Choose your answer from the words given
inside the box below. Write your answer in your Science journal.
water movement temperature coral reefs fringing reefs
coral Atolls parasitism barrier reefs predation
commensalism temperature

I learned that ….

The________________serve as a breeding ground of marine life.

The factors that contribute to the reef formation are light penetration,
______________, stable salinity and _______________.

The________________, ________________and ________________ are categories of


coral reefs.

12 CO_Q2_Science6_ Module 6
_________________ is an interaction where organisms live together without
harming one another, for example, barnacles attached on skin of turtles without
harming them. In _________________both organisms benefit in the relationship.
For example, the corals receive oxygen from the algae; the algae get protection
from them. ________________ is a kind of interaction where one organism, the
parasite, depends on another organism for food, production and reproduction.
________________ is a kind of interaction in which one organism kills smaller
organisms for food. An example of this is when a big fish eats a small fish.

What I Can Do

Directions: Read the paragraph and answer the questions that follow. Write it in
your Science journal.
Living things and non-living things interact with each other in a Coral reef
ecosystem. Coral reef is composed of non-living components such as water and
sand. It serves as breeding place for fish, crustaceans, mollusks, cnidarians,
sponges and echinoderms. Their interaction enables the survival of living things
and affects non-living things. Can you identify the living and non-living things in
Coral Reef Ecosystem? Discuss their interaction.

Additional Activities

Directions: Identify the interaction between the given pair of organisms in column A
and its interaction in column B. Write it in your Science journal.
Column A Column B

1. sea urchin-corals A. mutualism


2. barnacles-turtle B. competition
3. worm-fish C. predation
4. tuna fish-blue marlins D. commensalism
5. clown fish-sea anemone E. parasitism

13 CO_Q2_Science6_ Module 6
Lesson
Ecosystem: Mangrove
3 Swamps
A mangrove swamp is a home to a diverse living and non-living things.
Different species of animals like crustaceans, fish and mollusk compose the living
part of mangrove ecosystem. Mangrove plants are the main organism that dominates
this ecosystem. How do living and non-living things interact with each other in this
environment?

What’s In

Directions: List down the living things and non-living things that can be found in
tropical rainforests and mangrove swamps. Write it in your Science
Journal.
Tropical Rainforest
Living Things Non-living Things

Coral Reefs
Living Things Non-living Things

What’s New

Direction: Pick out the animals that can be found in mangrove swamps ecosystem.
Write your answer in your Science Journal.

monitor lizard oysters bats corals


white heron (tagak) snake fish sea urchin
fiddler crab eagle monkey sea anemone
dolphin rat clown fish

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

14 CO_Q2_Science6_ Module 6
What is It

Mangrove swamp ecosystem is composed mostly of mangrove plants and


animals like crustaceans and migratory birds. The non-living part composed of
water, sand, mud, rocks and sunlight. It is an important system that allows for the
breeding of fishes and survival of other marine animals. It is also a part of the coastal
and marine ecosystems.

There are varieties of marine and terrestrial life living in mangroves. Animals
like white heron (tagak), and other birds inhabit the mangrove canopy. Fishes and
crustaceans live underneath the mangrove roots system. Organisms like oyster,
mussels attached themselves to the trunk and lower branches of the mangroves.
Animals like monitor lizard, mudskipper and crustaceans such as shrimps and crabs
live in mangrove swamps. Also, migratory birds like pelicans, spoon bills and bald
eagles are also found in this habitat. Some saltwater crocodiles can also live in
Philippine mangrove swamps.

Photo credit: Ester I. Posadas


Figure 6: Mangrove swamp in Bago City, Negros Occidental

The symbiotic interaction found in a mangrove ecosystem includes many


organisms that depend on mangrove for survival. Animals like oysters, mollusks and
barnacles are dependent on mangrove for their source of food and habitat.

Commensalism is shown when barnacles and oysters attach themselves to the


roots of mangroves. Fishes stay in the mangroves during a particular stage of their
life to grow and develop into a mature fish. Mutualism is shown when animals like
crabs and mollusks help break down plant litter in a mangrove ecosystem through
grazing. White heron (tagak) eating a fish shows predation in this kind of ecosystem.

15 CO_Q2_Science6_ Module 6
Figure 7: Oysters attached to mangrove
Figure 8: White heron eating a fish

Mangrove swamp ecosystem is important for they serve as breeding and


nesting grounds of animal species. The mangrove shelter is used as shelter by fishes
as breeding and nursing grounds before heading to the open ocean. Mangroves are
also important habitat of organisms. Numerous animal species find protection and
abundant food in this environment. It also acts as natural barrier and flood defense
as they defend coast lines from flooding and erosion. Lastly, mangrove is an
important source of livelihood of people living in coastal areas.

What’s More

Activity 1
Directions: Identify and discuss the interaction between living and non-living
things in a mangrove swamp ecosystem. Write your answers in your
Science Journal.
1. oyster and mangrove

2. white heron and water

3. crab and mud

4. mangrove and bird

Activity 2
Directions: Answer the questions below. Write your answer in your Science journal.
1. What are the interactions that exist among living and non-living things in
mangrove ecosystem?

16 CO_Q2_Science6_ Module 6
2. Are these interactions important? Why?

What I Have Learned

Directions: Complete every statement by supplying the blank with a word or group
of words from the box below. Write your answer in your Science Journal

commensalism mangrove swamp


habitat of organisms predation
natural barrier and flood defense

I learned that …

Ecosystem is composed mostly of mangrove plants and animals like crustaceans


and migratory birds.

Mangroves are important because, they serve as breeding and nesting


grounds of animal species, ______________________, _______________________________,
a source of livelihood of people living in coastal areas.

In this kind of ecosystem, ________________________ is shown when animals


like crabs and mollusks help break down plant litter in a mangrove ecosystem
through grazing. ___________________is shown when white heron (tagak) ate fishes.

What I Can Do

The YES-O members of Bago City, Negros Occidental participated in the


conduct of mangrove planting and clean-up drive at Purok Batad, Brgy. Sampinit,
Bago City.

Photo credit:
Ester I.
Posadas

Figure 9: Mangrove Swamp Ecosystem


17 CO_Q2_Science6_ Module 6
Figure 10: YES-O Bago Tree Planting Activity at Prk. Batad, Sampinit, Bago City

Photo credit: Ester I. Posadas


During the mangrove planting, pupils were asked to identify the different
factors that would ensure the survival of plants and other living things in the
mangrove ecosystem.
Directions: Identify the living and non-living things (in the) please add mangrove
ecosystem and discuss how they interact.

Living Things and Non-living


Interaction
Things
Example: water and mangrove Water enables the growth of mangrove,
mangrove in return helps filter the pollutants
from the river run-offs making the water free
from harmful build-up of sediments.
1.
2.
3.

Additional Activities

Directions: Using the concept map below, identify the type of interaction that exists
in mangrove swamps. Give examples of organisms involved by writing
the interaction or organisms in the blank boxes. Do it in your Science
journal.

Mangrove Swamp Ecosystem

mutualism predation

oysters attached on
mangroves

18 CO_Q2_Science6_ Module 6
Assessment

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your chosen answer on a
separate sheet.
1. Which group of organisms can be found in the mangrove ecosystem?
A. mussels, fish, corals
B. worm, rat, fish
C. butterfly, snake, bird
D. mangrove trees, fiddler crab, fish

2. What are the things needed by plants to make their own food?
A. water, chemicals and oxygen
B. oxygen and carbon dioxide
C. oxygen and chemicals
D. carbon dioxide, soil and sunlight

3. Which of the following describes a canopy of the rainforest?


A. composed of trees that are 130 to 180 feet tall
B. about 59 feet and consists of trunk of canopy, shrubs, small plants and
trees
C. consists mostly of fungi, insects, worms and litter from taller trees
D. has slender trees from a dense platform of vegetation with 60 to 129
feet.
4. What kind of interaction is shown when one organism kills another organism
for food?
A. mutualism
B. commensalism
C. parasitism
D. predation

5. It is an environment where both living and non-living things exist and


interact with one another.
A. ecology
B. ecosystem
C. community
D. population

6. One example of competition in tropical rainforest is when the shrubs and


trees are growing together in one area. What do they compete for?
A. sunlight and soil nutrients.
B. oxygen and carbon dioxide.
C. chemicals and oxygen.
D. water and chemicals.

7. ___________________results from the interconnected food chains.


A. consumer
B. producer
C. food web
D. biotic component

19 CO_Q2_Science6_ Module 6
8. Why is the relationship between the corals and the algae in the coral reefs
considered mutualistic?
A. The corals benefit in the interaction and not the algae.
B. The corals receive oxygen from algae, the algae get protection from
corals.
C. The corals receive oxygen from algae while the algae are harmed.
D. The corals and algae live together without harming each other.

9. What kind of interaction is shown when animals like crabs and mollusks
help break down plant litter in a mangrove ecosystem through grazing?
A. competition
B. commensalism
C. parasitism
D. mutualism

10. Why is producer important in an ecosystem?


A. It is the source of food to the consumers.
B. It is an organism that eats plants.
C. It breaks down organism into smaller particles.
D. It is a series of feeding relationship.

20 CO_Q2_Science6_ Module 6
CO_Q2_Science6_ Module 6 21
Lesson 1: What I Can Do Lesson 3
What I Know: Answers may vary What’s In
1. D 6. D Answers may vary
2. D 7. A Additional Activities
3. C 8. C 1. a What’s New
4. A 9. A 2. b 1. monitor lizard
5. B 10. B 3. b 2. white heron (tagak)
4. a 3. fiddler crab
What’s In 5. a 4. oysters
Living Things 5. fish
Trees Lesson 2
Tropical shrubs What’s In What’s More
Birds 1. Living thing Activity 1
2. Living thing 1. Commensalism-oysters
Non-living things 3. Living thing attached to the roots and
Sunlight 4. Non-living thing branch of mangroves
Oxygen 5. Non-living thing without harming it
Carbon dioxide 2. Commensalism-the heron
What’s New gets its food from the water
What’s New Answers may vary without affecting it.
Answers may vary 3. Commensalism-the crab
Snake eating a rat-predation What’s More get its food from the mud
Bee suckling the nectar of a 1. Answer may vary and it serve as its habitat
flower-mutualism 2. Answers may vary without affecting it.
3. Predation-big fish 4. The bird rely on the
What’s More (predator)eats small mangrove for its habitat and
Activity I fish(prey) food, the bird aids in the
Mutualism, Predation, 4. Parasitism- the worm pollination and propagation
Commensalism, Competition benefitted; the fish is of the plant.
The orchid is attached The harmed
orchid is attached to the 5. Yes. The interactions are Activity 2
branch of a tree Without important for the survival of Answers may vary
harming it. They live the organism
together without harming What I Have Learned
each other What I Have Learned -Mangrove swamp
-commensalism -Coral Reefs -habitat of organisms
If producer will decrease the -temperature -natural barrier and flood
consumer will decrease or -water movement defense
die -fringing reefs -mutualism
Yes, interactions are -barrier reefs -predation
important for the survival of -coral atolls
organisms -commensalism Additional Activities
-mutualism -commensalism
-parasitism Answers may vary
What I Have Learned
-predation
1. ecosystem
Assessment
(2-5-in any order)
What I Can Do 1. D 6. A
2. emergents
Answers may vary 2. D 7. C
3. canopy
3. D 8. B
4. forest floor
Additional Activities 4. D 9. D
5. understory
1. predation 5. B 10. A
6. food chain
2. commensalism
7. food web
3. parasitism
8. commensalism
4. Competition
9. mutualism
5. mutualism
10. predation
Answer Key
References

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Padpad, Evelyn Castante. The New Science Links Worktext in Science and
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Remo, Dr. Felecidad N. et al. Wonders of Integrated Science and Health. K-6th
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National Geographic Kids Almanac, 2016.


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www.dkfindout.com/intl/en/privacypolicy.html.

22 CO_Q2_Science6_ Module 6
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