Study of Family of Solanaceae

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STUDY OF THE PLANTS OF SOLANACEAE

FAMILY

A Report Submitted for the Partial Fulfillment of


the Requirement of Grade 11 Science in Biology

By
Slesha Rawal
Grade XI, Section DF1, ID no: 232277

Trinity International SS and College


Dillibazar Height, Nepal

i
DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the work presented in this


project report has been done by myself under the
supervision of Ms. Laxmi Sankhi and has not been
submitted elsewhere for any examination.
All the sources of information have been specifically
acknowledged by reference to authors.

Date: August 2021 Slesha Rawal


Registration no: 783270071589

ii
LETTER OF APPROVAL

The project work submitted to Trinity International


SS, by Slesha Rawal entitled “Study of the plants of
Solanaceae family” has been approved as the partial
fulfillment of the requirements of internal
evaluation.

Date: August 2021 Ms. Laxmi Sankhi

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Acknowledgement

Taken this opportunity to express my respect and gratitude to my

esteemed guide Ms. Laxmi Sankhi for her valuable guidance in

making this project a reality. I am thankful to her for her constant

support and encouragement and valuable supervision throughout

this project completion period.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION……………………………1-2
1.1: General Background…………………1
1.2: Objective of the study………………2
CHAPTER 2: MATERIALS AND METHODS………….3
CHAPTER 3: OBSERVATION………………………………4-5
CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND CONCLUSION………….6
CHAPTER 5: REFRENCES……………………………………7
CHAPTER 6: ANNEX………………………………………….

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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 General Background
The Solanaceae, also called nightshades are a family of flowering plants that
ranges from annual and perennial herbs to epiphytes, shrubs, and trees, and
includes a number of agricultural crops, medicinal plants, weeds, and
ornamentals. Many members of the family contain potent alkaloids, and
some are highly toxic, but many including tomato, potato, eggplant, and
peppers are used as food. They comprise more than 3000 species many of
which are evolved in the Amazonian regions of South America. Its habitats
include rain forests that receive more than 3 meters of rainfall annually to
deserts with no rainfall and high mountains with regular snowfall and
subfreezing temperatures.
The Solanaceae are also the third most important plant family that has been
playing an essential role in traditional medicine and human nutrition. It is
useful economically and the most valuable in terms of vegetable crops, and
are the most variable of crops species in terms of agricultural utility, as it
includes the tuber-bearing potato, a number of fruit-bearing vegetables
(Tomato, Eggplant, Peppers), ornamental plants (Petunias, Nicotiana), plants
with edible leaves (Solanum aethiopicum, S. macrocarpon) and medicinal
plants (eg. Datura, Capsicum).
The Solanaceae include a number of commonly collected or cultivated
species. Perhaps the most economically important genus of the family is
Solanum, which contains the potato, the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum),
and the eggplant (Solanum melongena). Another important genus,
Capsicum, produces both chili peppers and bell peppers.
Some other important members of Solanaceae include a number of
ornamental plants such as Petunia, the source of psychoactive alkaloids,
Datura and other tobaccos. Certain species are universally known for their
medicinal uses, their psychotropic effects, or for being poisonous.

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1.2 Objectives of the study
 To study the flowering plants which belong to solanaceae family.
 To observe the morphology and study the floral formula of vegetable crops.
 To study the economic importance of those plants

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CHAPTER 2: MATERIALS AND METHODS
The field study was conducted on 20 August, 2021 at the kitchen gardens of
the local people. Both the primary and secondary data were used for the
study.
Primary data on the plants were collected through observation. The data
generated by note taking during the observation was reviewed through
secondary literatures. Secondary literatures were collected through various
published and unpublished article, internet and books. Microsoft word 2013
is used for data interpretation and analysis.

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CHAPTER 3: OBSERVATION

In the present study, the morphological features of 4 taxa of the family Solanaceae
were studied.

1. Datura stramonium (datura)


Habit: Pernnial herbs, wild in wastelands, Mesophyte. Stem: Woody,
branched, cylindrical, glabrous. Leaves: Petiolate, ovate, large acute, base
very unequal sided, up to 20 cm in long, nearly glabrous. Inflorescence:
Axillary, solitary. Flowers: Pedicellated, Bisexual, hypogynous,
actinomorphic, tubular, funnel-shaped, white tinged with green. Calyx: 5
sepals, gamosepalous, persistant, herbaceous, long-tubular. Corolla: 5
petals, gamopetalous, funnel-shaped, twisted aestivation. Androecium: 5,
stamens, epipetalous, attached near the base of the tube, filaments and
anthers. 1 cm long, inserted, spliting longitudinally. Gynoecium: Bicarpellary,
syncarpous, superior ovary. The ovary is oblique in position. Ovules many in
axileplacentation. Fruit: Septifragal capsule.

2. Capsicum frutescens (chilli)


Habit: Perennial shrub, cultivated. Habitat: Mesophyte. Stem: Woody, erect,
much branched, cylindrical 9 to 18 feet in height. Leaves: Alternate,
petiolate, subelliptical, 6 – 12 cm in long 5 – 8 cm in wide. Inflorescence:
Axillary and solitary. Flowers: Pedicellate, Bisexual, hypogynous white small
in size, actinomorphic. Calyx: 5 sepals, gamosepalous, cup-shaped,
embracing the base of fruit. Corolla: 5 petals, gamopetalous, markings in.
Androecium: 5 stamens, epipetalous, filaments short, anthers about 0.4 cm
long, dehiscing longitudinally. Gynoecium: Bicarpellary, syncarpous, superior
ovary with axile placentation, ovary oriented in oblique manner. Fruit: Red,
capsule.

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3. Solanum melongena (brinjal)
Habit: Erect herbaceous, cultivated. Habitat: Mesophyte. Stem: Cylindrical,
woody closely coved, erect. Leaves: Petiolate, large elliptic 10 – 18 cm.
Inflorescence: Clustered cymose. Flowers: Pinkish, actinomorphic, bisexual.
Calyx: 5 sepals, gamosepalous, persistant. Corolla: 5 petals, gamopetalous,
pinkish red coloured. Androecium: 5 stamens, epipetalous. Gynoecium:
Bicarpellary, syncarpous, bilocular, superior ovary with axile placentation.
Fruit: Berry, glabrous, dark purple.

4. Solanum tuberosum (potato)


Habit: Perennial herb, cultivated. Habitat: Mesophyte. Stem: Woody, erect,
branched, and cylindrical. Leaves: Alternate, petiolate, subelliptical, and
unequal at the base.Inflorescence: Raceme. Flowers: Pedicellate, Bisexual,
hypogynous, actinomorphic, flowers that are pink, white or purple. Calyx: 5
sepals, gamosepalous, persistant. Corolla: 5 petals, white; gamopetalous.
Androecium: 5, stamens yellow in colour, filaments short, longitudinally.
Gynoecium: Bicarpellary, syncarpous, superior ovary. The ovary is situated in
oblique pattern. Fruit: Berries.

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CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND CONCLUSION

Generally, the family is herbaceous or woody. Many plants


in the family are economically important. The Solanaceous
food can be often found in our stores as potatoes, tomatoes
and chilli varieties, eggplant, and tomatillos. It is considered
to be very valuable culinary vegetables. The vegetable is
used in both urban and rural areas, but since it is often
bitter it is mixed with Solanum species or with other green
leafy vegetables. Many species of Solanaceae produce
tropane alkaloids that have valuable medicinal properties.
Examples include Datura. In many parts of Nepal, datura is
a holy psychedelic and its healthy way of consumption is
acceptable for spiritual refreshment.

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CHAPTER 5: REFRENCES

For the project work, I have taken help from the following
sources.

Internet www.wikipedia.com

Internet www.britannica.com

Internet www.scialert.net.com

D. Jagatheeswari Morphological study in flowering plants,


published by SciPress Ltd, Switzerland, 2014, International
Letters of Natural Sciences (Vol.15)

International Journal of Botany, 2007, vol.3, 276-282

International Journal of Botany, 2005, 147-150

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CHAPTER 6: ANNEX

1. Datura stramonium (datura)


2. Capsicum frutescens (chilli)
3. Solanum melongena (brinjal)
4. Solanum tuberosum (potato)
5. Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)

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