Scribd
Upload
39 views

STE Notes

The document provides an overview of notable buildings and structural elements, describes the loads buildings must support and how settlement can be avoided, and outlines the process of structural design and analysis as well as specializations within structural engineering. Key points covered include famous buildings, the tallest building, building parts, foundation types, construction of deep foundations, types of loads, effects of loads, building response, and subspecialties within structural engineering.

Uploaded by

Dana Villano
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
39 views

STE Notes

The document provides an overview of notable buildings and structural elements, describes the loads buildings must support and how settlement can be avoided, and outlines the process of structural design and analysis as well as specializations within structural engineering. Key points covered include famous buildings, the tallest building, building parts, foundation types, construction of deep foundations, types of loads, effects of loads, building response, and subspecialties within structural engineering.

Uploaded by

Dana Villano
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Buildings 101:

1. St. Basil’s Cathedral: completed in 1561, situated in Moscow’s red square, often mistaken for
the Kremlin
2. Taj Mahal: completed in 1653 (took 22 years to complete), located in northern India, “symbol of
love” for some
3. Lotus Temple: completed in 1986, located in New Delhi (India), a house of worship open to all
religions

Tallest building in the world: Burj Khalifa, Dubai, 2717 feet, 162 stories, 2717 feet, 828 m , 163 floor

*may be beaten by Jeddah tower in 2020: 3280 ft, 1000m, 205 floors

Building parts (structural members):

1. Foundations: covered by soil, columns with enlarged ends to dissipate and spread load/ stress
on the columns to the soil around it
2. Columns: wider in the back compared to those in front because needs extra resistance and
effort against e.g., earthquake load. These are called:
3. Shear walls
4. Beams: horizontal resistance structure, covers cross-sectional areas that are expected to
transfer load but are not supported by vertical columns, runs from front to back
5. Slabs: flooring

Building must be strong enough to carry and support all types of loads, such as weight of structure,
people, furniture, equipments, strong wind blows, earthquake loads/ ground shaking, etc.

What supports a building? – Bedrock, foundation, basement wall

Settlement occurs when the soil does not sufficiently support the building, and the building is too heavy

You are not supposed to exceed the allowable values for settlement!

Once an indication of failure shows up, action must be taken IMMEDIATELY

Non-uniform settlement must also be addressed

Ensure that the capacity and quality of the soil is of acceptable values

How can settlement be avoided? –

1. Ensure the soil can support the building


2. Design and apply appropriate foundations

If soil is poor near the surface:

*basement wall, concrete caissons to bedrock


Is deep foundation easy to construct?

1. Deep foundation must rest on a bedrock


2. The deeper the bedrock goes, the deeper (or longer) the foundation has to be
3. 3m to 3-storey building deep must be longer

How is deep foundation constructed?

1. Casing
2. Digging
3. Caging
4. Concreting
5. Finally, remove the casing

Building loads (+examples of typical static loads exerted on a house)

1. Dead loads: roof, wall, floor


2. Live loads: collected snow, people, furniture, collected water
3. Wind loads
4. Earthquake loads: soil and hydraulic loads

Effects of loads:

1. Wind loads: displaces or deforms roof


2. Earthquake: causes horizontal/ perpendicular deformation
3. Dead loads: deflection and bending

Building response

Ce 424 SDOF System Resonance Vibration Test

Resonance is when structures usually fail: the frequency of the structure is the same as the earthquake

Identify the weakest part because this is where failure is most likely to happen

Building protection:

1. Base isolation
2. Tune mass dampers

Introducing the STE Specialization

Structural Engineering Spectrum

1. Activity: conception, analysis, design, detailing, erection, retrofitting


2. Structure: buildings, bridges, trusses, shells, towers
3. Code: NSCP, American, British, European, Japanese
4. Material: concrete, PSC, steel, timber
5. Model: 2D frame/ truss, 3d frame/ truss, full 3D FEM
6. Analysis: linear static, NL static, linear dynamic, large disp.
7. Solution : equation solution, finite elements, programming

PLANNING: structural members, inc. roof structures and systems; connections (rigid and semi-rigid)

Structural Design Process:

1. Architectural functional plan


2. Structural system
3. Trial sections
4. Modelling
5. Analysis
6. Member design (if not acceptable, revise sections and go back to modeling)
7. Connection design
8. Detailing
9. Final design

Structural analysis: shear, bending, and axial forces; modeling of forces

Design codes

St: Equilibrium equations; stress block

Computer modeling of structures

Materials: structural concrete, structural steel, timber

Structural shapes

Structural design plans

Beam sections

ERECTION

Area inspection and structural stability

STRENGTHENING/RETROFITTING: x-bracings in buildings, seismic strengthening

STE’S primary goal is SAFETY: prevent building collapse

Must deal with natural hazards

STE subspecialties:

1. Bridge engineer
2. Earthquake engineer
3. Dam engineer
4. Forensic engineer
5. Wind engineer
6. Software engineer
7. Foundation engineer

Professional allies of STE

1. Hydraulics engineer
2. Transportation engineer
3. Construction engineer
4. Geotechnical engineer
5. Project manager

ASEP: CE specialty org

Specialization subjects: earthquake engineering, analysis and design, pre-stress design

Job opportunities: structural design and construction firms, structural detailing services

You might also like