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    Isomerism

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    Organic compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural or spatial arrangements are known as isomers. There are two main types of isomerism: structural isomerism and stereoisomerism. Structural isomerism includes chain isomerism, positional isomerism, functional isomerism, ring-chain isomerism, metamerism, and tautomerism. Stereoisomerism includes geometric isomerism and optical isomerism.

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    Isomerism

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    Organic compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural or spatial arrangements are known as isomers. There are two main types of isomerism: structural isomerism and stereoisomerism. Structural isomerism includes chain isomerism, positional isomerism, functional isomerism, ring-chain isomerism, metamerism, and tautomerism. Stereoisomerism includes geometric isomerism and optical isomerism.

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    Organic compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural or spatial arrangements are known as isomers. There are two main types of isomerism: structural isomerism and stereoisomerism. Structural isomerism includes chain isomerism, positional isomerism, functional isomerism, ring-chain isomerism, metamerism, and tautomerism. Stereoisomerism includes geometric isomerism and optical isomerism.

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    165 views16 pages

    Isomerism

    Uploaded by

    cvjaykumarreddy
    Organic compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural or spatial arrangements are known as isomers. There are two main types of isomerism: structural isomerism and stereoisomerism. Structural isomerism includes chain isomerism, positional isomerism, functional isomerism, ring-chain isomerism, metamerism, and tautomerism. Stereoisomerism includes geometric isomerism and optical isomerism.

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    The key takeaways are that isomerism refers to compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas. There are different types of isomerism including structural isomerism and stereoisomerism.

    The different types of isomerism are chain isomerism, positional isomerism, functional isomerism, metamerism isomerism, ring-chain isomerism and tautomerism isomerism.

    Chain isomerism occurs when compounds have the same molecular formula but differ in the nature of the carbon chain, whether it is straight or branched. Butane and 2-methylpropane are examples of chain isomers as one has a straight chain and the other is branched.

    Topic- Isomerism and its types

    Organic chemistry is a chemistry sub discipline involving


    the scientific study of the structure, properties, and
    reactions of organic compounds and organic materials, i.e.,
    matter in its various forms that contain carbon
    atoms. Study of structure includes many physical and
    chemical methods to determine the chemical
    composition and the chemical constitution of organic
    compounds and materials.
    What is Isomerism?
    The organic compounds having the same molecular
    formula but different structures are known as Isomers.
    This phenomenon is known as Isomerism.
    In other words, the organic compounds having the
    same molecular formula but different arrangements of
    carbon atoms in them, are known as Isomers.
    STRUCTURAL ISOMERISM

    This type of Isomerism is classified into 6 types-


    1. Chain Isomerism.
    2. Positional Isomerism.
    3. Functional Isomerism.
    4. Ring Chain Isomerism.
    5. Metamerism Isomerism.
    6. Tautomerism Isomerism
    1. CHAIN ISOMERISM
     The same molecular formula represents two or more
    compounds.
     It differs in the nature of carbon chain(straight or branched)
     Example, C4H10 (Butane) has two isomers namely butane and 2-
    methylpropane.

    BUTANE 2-METHYLPROPANE
    2. POSITIONAL ISOMERISM
     The same molecular formula represents two or more
    compounds.
     It differs in the position of the same functional group
     Example, Butene has two isomers namely But-1-ene and
    But-2-ene.

    BUT-1-ENE BUT-2-ENE
    3. FUNCTIONAL ISOMERISM
     The same molecular formula represents two or more
    compounds.
     It differs in the nature of the functional group.
     Example, C3H602 has two isomers namely Propanoic acid and
    Methyl ethanoate.

    PROPANOIC ACD METHYL ETHANOATE


    4. METAMERISM ISOMERISM
     The same molecular formula represents two or more compounds.
     It differs in the nature of the alkyl groups attached to the same
    functional group.
     Example, Diethyl ether and Methyl propyl ether are metamerical
    isomers.

    DIETHYL ETHER METHYL PROPYL ETHER


    5. RING CHAIN ISOMERISM
     The same molecular formula represents two or more compounds.
     It differs in the mode of linkage of carbon atoms.
     The isomers have either open chain or closed chain.
     Example, Propene and cyclopropane are ring chain isomers.

    PROPENE CYCLOPROPANE
    6. TAUTOMERISM ISOMERISM
     The same molecular formula represents two or more
    compounds.
     It exists in dynamic equilibrium with each other. It can be
    present in many form such as Nitroform and Aci form,
    Ketoform and Enolic forms etc.
     Example, Nitro- ethane and Isonitroethane are Tautomerical
    isomers.

    NITRO-ETHANE(nitro form) ISONITROETHANE(aciform)


    STEREOISOMERISM

    This type of Isomerism differs in the spatial arrangement of atoms


    or groups. It is of two types –
    1. Geometrical Isomerism.
    2. Optical Isomerism.
    6. GEOMETRICAL ISOMERISM
     The same molecular formula represents two or more compounds.
     It differs in the spatial arrangement of atoms or groups around carbon-
    carbon double bond.
     It is of two types-If same group are on same side then, it is called ‘cis’
    isomers and if it is on opposite sides, then it is called ‘trans’ isomers.
     Example, cis-2-butene and trans-2-butene are ‘cis’ and ‘trans’ isomers.
    6. OPTICAL ISOMERISM
     Optical Isomers are named like this because of their effect on
    plane polarized light.
     Optical Isomers, which are non-superimposable mirror images
    of each other, are called Enantiomers.
     Example, d-Alanine and l-Alanine, lactic acid etc.
    1. http//:www.google.com
    2. http//:en.wikipedia.org
    3. http//:www.chemguide.co.uk
    4. Science for Tenth Class “CHEMISTRY” Lakhmir
    Singh and Manjit Kaur.
    5. Concise “CHEMISTRY” for class XII ISC by Selena
    Publishers.
    A presentation by…
    Sushmita Singh
    Sky Sil
    Souhrid Biswas
    Soumali Das
    Soumyadeep Maity

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