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Introduction To Cloud Computing

This document discusses cloud computing concepts including definitions from students of cloud computing, differences between cloud and grid computing, utility computing, and the NIST definition of cloud computing. It also covers software as a service (SaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), and infrastructure as a service (IaaS).

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bilind_mustafa
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33 views

Introduction To Cloud Computing

This document discusses cloud computing concepts including definitions from students of cloud computing, differences between cloud and grid computing, utility computing, and the NIST definition of cloud computing. It also covers software as a service (SaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), and infrastructure as a service (IaaS).

Uploaded by

bilind_mustafa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Cloud Computing – July 4th, 2011

What is cloud computing to you? (Answers from Class)


 Corporate buzz word
 Distributed system
 A computer on a network
 Renting computing resources
 Elastic capability
 Virtualization application
 Scalable

Many people draw comparisons between cloud computing and grid computing[1]

The major differences [2]:


 Higher inter-node bandwidth in cloud computing
o Critical for distribution/synchronization of large quantities of data
 Virtualization
o Virtualization of hardware in CC
o Virtualization of data in CC
 User-facing representation of data is independent of data storage
implementation
 E.g. Amazon stores stuff over multiple nodes, you do not care how
it stores it, just that it is available
Similarities between cloud computing and grid computing
 Increased reliability of infrastructure, hardware, and data
 Increased flexibility
 Reduces cost

Utility computing[3] comprises charging for the use of packaged resources


Does grid computing + utility computing = cloud computing?
Yes and no (check slides - page 6 ) -- the answer depends on the definition of
cloud computing, which is still under debate [5]

There is a (relatively) universally accepted definition of cloud computing by NIST (see


the slide) [6] [11]

What is a snapshot of a machine?


 Historical point of time, makes a copy of installed services, programs

Why do we take a snapshot of a system?


 Allows administrator to easily mass produce a resource of a specific
configuration
 Provides a backup of a "healthy" state/template to build other configurations from

Additional notes on the NIST-def'n of cloud computing:


 On-demand self-service[7]
o Must automate the delegation of resources - this is critical to self-service
since humans have a higher probability of committing an error
 Digital rights management is better than automation.
o We have technology that force legality for digital rights.
o Other areas (e.g law) has human that govern the rules (e.g judges)
 Ubiquitous network access (Application for multiple devices)
o Why support heterogeneous platforms:
 Greater market penetration (get more people can access it)
 Separation of concerns -- must isolate interface (for various devices)
from the business logic
o Must be mindful of performance capabilities of different types of clients
 E.g. phones has less bandwidth than laptops
 Resource pooling [8]
o Resources are shared by the users
 Mutli-tenancy
o How do we partition data to isolate each organization's data from the others?
 Table partitioning
o Has implications for performance
o Has implications for scalability:
 Easy to add (set null to everyone)
 Not easy to remove/reconfigure data
o Security is accomplished by the service provider
 Service provider has access to data
 Rapid elasticity
o Reduce resources to:
 Save power (can turn off unused resources)
 Free up resources for other users
o However there are difficulties in achieving this elasticity:
 Incur overhead when increasing/reducing available resources
o Should remove state from computational resources (e.g. offset state to a data
store so resources can be turned off without loss of data)
o Appearance of “unlimited” resource - but can crash from time to time.
o Resources are shared, you can scale up while someone scales down
 Measured service
o Typically do not measure money
 Access
o No universally well-defined protocol, but all are based on the foundation of
HTTP
 Virtualization (see notes)

Software-as-a-Service (SaaS):
 Service determined by the provider
o User does not decide which version to use
E.g You cannot switch to previous version of Google Mail/Docs
 SaaS applications are "net native" applications[10]
o Disadvantages:
 Since provider is in charge of service and data, very tight coupling
between the user and the Cloud Service Provider (CSP)
 Security is heavily controlled by the CSP (can be both good and
bad). User might need to add own security on top of the one
provided.
 Bandwidth can be bad
o Advantages
 Security: If there is a fix to a bug fixes are passed to everyone
instantly.

Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)
 User creates an application on top of provided platform/environment governed by
set of provider-specified rules
o Main example of a rule is language specification
o Service Provider performs resource management

Infrastructure-as-a-Service (Iaas)
 Provider gives users access to computing resources for
processing/storage/whatever
 There is an illusion that the resources are entirely under your control
o The Service Provider still has control and access to the resources

Everything-as-a-Service (XaaS)
 Provide capability to write multi-tiered application (i.e. applications on
applications)
Questions

Give an example of a SPI Service that is not flexible. Why is it not flexible?

Facebook. There is only one view of the Facebook homepage. When facebook
decides to change the view or add/remove features you are unable to revert back to the
old one. All your interactions are going through their current design and view.

Why would you like to exclude human interaction from On-demand self-service?

Any human process introduces change of errors. By excluding the human interaction
the fault rate decreases. Also human interactions are slower than automated processes
hence improvement both on speed and quality.
References:
[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_computing

[2] Advanced Topics in Computer Systems: Cloud Computing and Management –

2011(Raouf Boutaba)

[3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility_computing

[4] Cloud computing and grid computing 360-degree compared I. Foster et al. 2008

[5] “Twenty Experts Define Cloud Computing”, SYS-CON Media Inc 2008.

[6] http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/SNS/cloud-computing/cloud-def-v15.doc

[7] Draft NIST Working Definition of Cloud Computing – 2009, Peter Mell and Tim

Grance

[8] http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa479086.aspx

[9] Visualizing the Boundaries of Control in the Cloud. Dec 2009.

http://kscottmorrison.com/2009/12/01/visualizing-the-boundaries-of-control-in-the-cloud/

[10] http://www.crn.com/news/applications-os/18831096/how-net-native-software-as-

services-differs-from-packaged-apps.htm

[11] http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/drafts/800-145/Draft-SP-800-145_cloud-

definition.pdf

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