Current Electricty Exercise Solution

Current Electricity
SOLUTIONS OF CURRENT ELECTRICITY

EXERCISE-1
PART - I
Section (A) :
A-1. i = io +  sin t.
dq 
= 10 + sin t
dt 2
3
    1
q=  10  2 sin t 
0
dt = 10 × 3 +
2
×

× 2 = 31 C Ans.
q 31
Average current = = A Ans.
t 3
A-2 Mass of copper per unit volume = 9 × 103 kg

9  6.023  1029
Atoms of Cu per unit volume = = n.
63.5
i = neAVd.
1.5  63.5
Vd = 19
= 1.1 0 × 10–3 ms–1.
1.6  10  107  9  6.023  1029
A-3. (i) Q = i  t = 5 × 4 × 60 = 1200C

Q 1200
(ii) Q = ne  n=  = 75 × 1020
e 1.6  10–19
Section (B)
20  103
B-1. (a)  no of electrons passing per second
e
20  103 2  1017
= 19
= = 1.25 × 1017.
1.6  10 1.6
20  103 1
(b) j = –3 2
= × 106 A/m2.
 ( 0.2  10 ) 2
B-2. Voltage the across the wire = E= 25 × 2 = 50 V

50
i= = 10 A.
5
200 200
B-3. (i) R15 = = 20 ., Rt = 
10 9
200  t 
Rt = R15 (1 + t)  = 20  1 
9  234 
t 1 234
=  t = = 26  t = 26 + 15 = 41º C.
234 9 9
273 20
1 dR dR
(ii)  =
R dt
  
0
dt = 
10
R
 20  n2 o –1
.273 = n   = C .
 10  273
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ADVCE - 1
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Current Electricity
I 1 1
B-4. = slope of given graph = or R=
V R slope
Resistance of a metallic wire increases with increase in temperature.
(slope)T2 < (slope)T1
1 1
 >
(slope)T2 (slope)T1
or R T2 > R T1
or T2 > T1

B-5. Resistance R=
A
By partial differentiation
 R  A
= – .........(1)
R A
  = Constant
 Volume of wire remains constant
A ×  = Constant
By partial differentiation
 A 
+ =0 .........(2)
A
By equation (1) and (2)
R 
We get =2
R
 (% change in R) = 2 (% change in length)
= 0.2 % Ans.
 (3.5  10–5 )  (50  10–2 ) 0.35

B-6 (i) R =  = = 0.175
A (1.0  10–2 )2 2
 (3.5  10–5 ) (1.0  10–2 )
(ii) R =  = 7 × 10–5
A (1.0  10–2 ) (50  10–2 )
Section (C)
C-1. (a) In each case E.M.F. = 10 V

(b) For case (A), battery is providing current to the circuit hence acting as source.
For case (B) battery is taking current from external source, hence acting as a load.
(c) For case (A) VA = E – ir = 10 – 1 × 1 = 9 V
For case (B) VB = E + ir = 10 + 1 × 1 = 11 V
(d) For case (A) PA = VA i = 9 × 1 = 9 W
For case (B) PB = VBi = 11 × 1 = 11 W
H
(e) For case (A) A = iA2 rA = (1)2 × 1 = 1 W
t
HB
For case (B) = iB2 rB = (1)2 × 1 = 1 W
t
(f) For case (A) PA = EA i = 10 × 1 = 10 W
For case (B) PB = EB i = 10 × 1 = 10 W
(g) For case (A) VBox = VA = 9 V
For case (B) VBox = VB = 11 V
(h) For case (A) PBox = – 9 × 1 = – 9 W
For case (B) PBox = 11 × 1 = 11 W
ADVCE - 2
Current Electricity
W
C-2. V=
Q
Q=I×t
= 3 × 12 = 36 C
500 125
V= = V Ans .
36 9
C-3. (a) equal in all point a, b, and c

(b) Vb > Vc = Va
(c) (P.E)a = (P.E)c > (P.E)b
 P.E = – eV
C-4. (a) V = E – ir = 12 – 90 × 5 × 10–2 = 12 – 4.5 = 7.5 V
E 12
(b) max =  = 24 mA
r ' 500
(c) For charging of battery V = E + ir , V>E  V > 12 V
P 1000 50
C-5. (a) i =   = 4.55 A
V 220 11
V 2 (220)2 22  11
(b) R =   = 48.4 
P 1000 5
(c) P = 1 kW
Q 1000
(d) H =  = 240 cal/sec
J 4.2
Ht 240  60 80
(e) tH = mL  m=   gm.
L 540 3
C-6.
(a) VA = VB = VC = VD = 0 VE = VF = VG = VH = 10V
VI = 10 + 5 = 15 V VJ = 15 V VK = 10 + 5 = 15 V
(b) VBI = 15 V, VJG = 5 V, VKD = 15 V
(c) Each battery is supplying the current hence each battery is acting as a source.
(d) Let current through BF, CG, HP is respectively i 1, i2, i3
15 5 15
i1 = = 15 amp , i2 = = 2.5 amp  i3 = = 5 amp 
1 2 3
For 10 V Battery , current = i1 – i2 + i3 = 15 – 2.5 + 5 = 17.5 amp 
2 2 2
V (15) (5) (15)2 225
(e) P1 = = = 225 W P2 = = 12.5 W P3 =  = 75 W
R 1 2 3 3
Hence, 1 resistance consumes the maximum power.
(f) PI = EI i1 = 10 × 17.5 = 175 W PII = E2 i1 = 5 × 15 = 75 W
PIII = E3 i2 = 15 × 2.5 = 37.5 W PIV = E4 i3 = 5 × 5 = 25 W
hence left most battery consume maximum power.
ADVCE - 3
Current Electricity
C-7. The circuit shown above is a parallel circuit, and consists of a single node By assuming voltage V at
the node, we can find out the current in 10  branch.
According to Kinrchhoff’s Current Law,

I1 + I2 + I3 + I4 + 5 = 10
By using Ohm’s law, we have
V V V V
I1 = ; 2 = ; 3 = ;  4 =
5 10 2 1
V V V
+ + + V + 5 = 10
5 10 2
1 1 1 
V    1 = 5
 5 10 2 
V [0.2 + 0.1 + 0.5 + 1] = 5
5
V= = 2.78 V Ans
1.8
 The voltage across 10  resistor is 2.78 V
and the current passing through it is
V 2.78
I2 =  = 0.278 A Ans
10 10
C-8. According to Kirchhoffs Voltage Law, the sum of the potential drops equal to the sum of the potential
rises;
Therefore, 30 = 2 + 1 + V1 + 3 + 5
or V1 = 30 – 11 = 19 V Ans.
C-9. (a) H = I2 Rt  400 = 22 × R × 10  R = 10

2
(b) H = I Rt Now  = 4A, t = 20s  H = 42 × 10 × 20 = 3200 J
C-10. By applying Kirchhoff’s Current Law, we get the current in 10 

I10 = I5 + I6 = 4 + 1 = 5 A Ans.
The voltage across 6  resistor is V6 = 24 V = V1 – 10 × 5  V1 = 74 V
Now, consider the loop ABFE
If we apply Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law, we get

Vs = 5 – 30 – 24 = –49 V
ADVCE - 4
Current Electricity
Section : (D)
 220 
2
D-1. R= for the two bulbs,
500
110
V will be the potential difference individually
2
110   (500) = 500 = 125 = 31.25 W
2
1
P= × Ans.
4 (220) 2 16 4
D-2. For quantitative purposes we assume that the resistances of the bulbs do not depend upon the voltages
across them. This is far from accurate, but will give the correct qualitative conclusion. If the (r.m.s.)
supply voltage is V, the resistance ri of a bulb is V2/wi, where wi is the nominal rating of the bulb. When
the two bulbs are connected in series across the supply, the (r.m.s) current drawn is V/(r A + rB) and the
power dissipated in bulb i (i = A or B ) is
2
V2  V 
Pi =  2 
 (V / w A )  (V / wB ) 
2
wi
According to the original agreement (wA = wB = 100 W), both PA and PB should be 25 W. Actually, PA =
8 W and PB = 32 W, and so A clearly failed his examinations. By comparison, student B might be
considered a double winner : he gets 32 W, but pays for only (8 + 32)/ 2 = 20 W. On the other hand, 32
W is still a very poor light to study by and B also could well have failed his examinations.
3
3 D C
C
3 3
6 3
6 3 6
6 6 3 3 
D-3.  
3 3 A B A B
3 A B 3 3
3
Req = 2 Ans.
D-4. (a) Req = R1 + R2 + R3 + r = 10 

 10
(b) i = = =1A
R eq 10
(c) V3 = 1 × 3 = 3 V, V4 = 1 × 4 = 4V, V2 = 1 × 2 = 2V
(d) Pconsumed = i = 10 × 1 = 10 W
(e) Pgenerated =i2r = 1 W inside the battery
(f) Poutput = ( – ir)i = 10 – 1 = 9 W
(g) Vbattery =  – ir = 9 V
(h) In seriesa, P  R 4 consumes maximum power
(i) P3 = i2 R = 3 W.

ADVCE - 5
Current Electricity
D-5. (a) Req = 2 + 1 = 3 
 6
(b) i = = =2A
R eq 3
1 1 1 1
i1 + i2 + i3 = 2 i1 : i2 : i3 = : : =1:2:1 i1 = i3 = A, i2 = 1 A
8 4 8 2
(c) Vacross battery =  – ir = 6 – 2 × 1 = 4 V Vacross each cell = 4 V
(d) P of the cell consumed P = i = 12 W
(e) P heat generated in cell P = i2r = 4 W
(f) Poutput = i – i2r = 8 W

1
(g) In parallel a, P  4 consumes max power
R
v2 44
(h) P4 = = =4W
R 4
D-6.
2 4
i1 = = 0.4 A i2 = = 0.5 A
5 8
(a) Vx + 3i1 + 4 – 3i2 = Vy
Vx – Vy = – 4 + 3 × 0.5 – 3 × 0.4
= – 4 + 1.5 – 1.2 = –3.7 V  potential difference = 3.7 V.
(b) Still same as No current flows in that cell
 36 
5 1 5  3  6 6 26 3
D-7. (i) RAB =   (ii) RCD =     = 1.5 
5 1 6  36  26 2
36  6
 
 3  6  
 3  6   4  2
  (2  4) 2 3
(iii) REF =     = 1.5 
 36  242 2
36  4  2
 
 66 
 6  6  1 2 (3  1) 2
(v) RAC =  
5 4
(iv) RAF = RAB =    
6  66  (3  1) 2 3
66   1  2
 
ADVCE - 6
Current Electricity
D-8. (i) Let RAB = x. Then, we can break one chain and connect a resistance of magnitude x in place of it.
Thus, the circuit remains as shown in figure.
A 1
2 x
6V
B
2x
Now, 2 and x are in parallel. So, their combined resistance is
2x
2x
or RAB = 1 +
2x
But RAB is a assumed to x. Therefore,
2x
x=1+
2x
Solving this equation, we get
x = 2   
 Hence proved.
22
(ii) Net resistance of circuit R = 1 + = 2
22
6
 Current through battery i = = 3A
2
i
This current is equally distributed in 2 and 2 resistances. Therefore, the desired current is or 1.5
2
A.
D-9. (i)
 1.5  0.5 
 RBC   1.5  0.5 
As V  R V2 = VBC =   V=   50
 R AB  RBC   0.5  1.5  0.5 
 1.5  0.5 
 0.75  150
=   50 = = 21.43 V
 1  0.75  7
 RBC 
(ii) VBC = 40 V  VBC =   V
 RBC  R AC 
RBC
 40 = 50  RBC = 1600 
2000
ADVCE - 7
Current Electricity
D-10.
1 (2  )
V B = VE  =
3
4  16  8
2– = 3 – 2 2 – 4 + 2 = 0 =
2
=2– 2. (  < 2)
CE R  2 2 2 2 2( 2  1) 2 :1
= CE = = = = =
DE RDE 1  1 2  2 2 1 2 1
D-11. For maximum resistance, all resistance are in series

Rmax = 20 + 50 + 100 = 170 
For minimum resistance, all resistance are in parallel
1 1 1 1 1 2  5 8
    
Rmin 100 50 20 100 100
100
Rmin = = 12.5 
8
180 60
D-12. case (a) Req = = 60  i= = 1 amp
3 60
180 60 2
case (b) Req = = 90  i= = amp
2 90 3
60 1
case (c) Req = 180 i=  amp
180 3
D-13. (a) S is open

3
i= = 0.1 A Ans.
30
(b) S is close
3
i= = 0.3 A Ans.
10
Section (E)
E-1.
6E 62 12
(i) current i =   = 1.4 A
R  6r 8.5  6  0.015 8.59
12
(ii) terminal voltage V = iR = × 8.5 = 11.9 V
8.59
ADVCE - 8
Current Electricity
E-2. (i) Effective emf = 4 × 1.5 – 1.5 = 4.5 V
(ii) Effective internal resistance
4  0.4
req = + 0.4 = 1.2  Req = 6 + 1.8 + 1.2 = 9 
2
E 4.5 1 Req  6 1 1
=   amp 36 =   
Req 9 2 R36 36 2 12
1
(ii) VAB = E + ir = 1.5 + × 0.4 = 1.5 + 0.2 = 1.7 V
2
6 3

E-3. Eeq = 600 400  12  9  21 = 4.2 V Ans
1

1 23 5
600 400
1 1 1 23 5
     req = 240
req 600 400 1200 1200
short circuit current in AB
Eeq 21/ 5 21
i=   = 17.5 × 10–3 amp  i = 17.5 mA (from B to A)
req 240 5  240
4
A i =0 A
i1
A A
E-4. 4 6
i1 i1
4V 2V
Potential difference across upper 4 resistance is zero so current is also zero.
Other two resistors are in series combination so current is same
42
= = 0.2 A. Ans.
46
12 12
E-5. (a) i1 = =
2  0.1 2.1
6 6  i1 12
i2 = = = 10 A = = 0.57 Ans.
0.5  0.1 0.6 i2 2.1 10
12
(b) i1 = =4A
21
6 i1
i2 = = 4A  =1 Ans.
0.5  1 i2
12 12 6 6
(c) i1 = = =1A & i2 = =
2  10 12 0.5  10 10.5
i1 1 10.5
 = = 1.75 Ans.
i2 6
ADVCE - 9
Current Electricity
Section (F)
F-1. 
 g 
(I – Ig) S = Ig G  S=   G
  – g 
 
 0.002  0.002 30
S=   30 = 0.298  30 S= = 0.2013 
 0.3 – 0.002  149
 V = Ig (R + G)  0.2 = 0.002 (R + 30) R = 70 
F-2.
400  100
Reff = + 200 Reff = 280 
500
84 84 100  400
i= A. V= × = 24 V
280 280 500
84 84
(b) i = V= × 100 = 28 V
300 300
F-3.
400  400
RGD = = 200
400  400
R R
Since GE  EB it is the case of balanced Wheatstone bridge.
RGD RDB
300  300 V 10 1
Req = RGB = = 150 , current I =   amp
300  300 RGB 150 15
 1 20
Potential difference across voltmeter. =  200   100  volt
30 15 3
ADVCE - 10
Current Electricity
F-4. (i)
4 100 r 600  6 r  400  4 r  300 r 310 r  1000

(ii) Req = 2 + + = =
3 100  r 3(100  r) 3(100  r)
V 1.40
i= , 0.02 = × (300 + 3 r)
R 310 r  1000
310 r + 1000 = 21000 + 210 r
10 r = 2000
r = 200  Ans.
200  100 4
(iii) V = i r = 0.02 × = = 1.33
200  100 3
Zero error ‘ = 1.1 – 1.33 = –0.23 V Ans.
 
F-5. Current in primary circuit.  = 
9r  r 10r
Potential drop across length AB = VAB = .R
 9 V 9 
VAB = .9r = , x = AB 
10r 10 L 10L
 9 5
For balance point =x= . = L
2 10L 9
R( – ')  70 – 60   70  9.5
F-6. r= = 9.5   = 9.5  – 1 = 
 60   60  6
82.3
F-7. (a)  1.02 = 1.25 V
67.3
(b) The high resistance to keep the initial current low when null point is being located. This saves the
standard cell from damage.
(c) This high resistance does not affect the balance point because then there is no flow of current
through the standard cell branch.
(d) The internal resistance of driver cell affects the current through the potentiometer wire. Since
potential gradient is changed, therefore, the balance point must be affected.
(e) No, it is necessary that the emf of the driver cell is more than the emf of the cells.
(f) This circuit will not work well for measurement of small emf (mV) because the balance point
will be very near to end A, and percentage error in EMF measured due to length measurement
V
would be very large E = 
100
dE d
 = will be large if  is very small.
E
ADVCE - 11
Current Electricity
x 30
F-8. = ........... (1)
y 70
x 30  10
= ........... (2)
 12y  60
 12  y 
 
20 20
Solving (1) & (2) x = & Y = 
7 3
PART - II
Section (A)
A-1. The drift velocity of electrons in a conducting wire is of the order of 1mm/s. But electric field is set up in
the wire very quickly, producing a current through each cross section, almost instantaneously.
A-2. In the presence of an applied electric field ( E ) in a metallic conductor. The electrons also move
randomly but slowly drift in a direction opposite to E .
q ne
A-3. i 
t t
i t
 n=
e
Substituting i = 3.2 × 10–3 A
e = 1.6 × 10–19 C and t = 1 s
we get n = 2 × 1016
 E
A-4 j= and j =
A 
 jA > jB and EA > EB.
Section (B)
B-1. Copper is metal and germanium is semiconductor. Resistance of a metal decreases and that of a
semiconductor increases with decrease in temperature.
B-2.
a>b>c Let
and a = 2c
a
Rmax =
bc
c
Rmin =
ab
 Rmax a2
= 2 =4 Ans.
Rmin c
Section (C)
C-1. In an electric circuit containing a battery, the positive charge inside the battery may go from the positive
terminal to the negative terminal
ADVCE - 12
Current Electricity
C-2. Given A r i  r = ki V = E – ir = E – i(ki) V = – i2 k + E
C-3. (a) V = E – ir , V < E (b) V = E + ir , V > E (C) V = E (D) V = E
2
 E 
C-4. P=   R
R5
dP
= 0 at R = 5, so power is maximum at R = 5]
dR
dP
R = 5 = 0 R = 5
dR
Therefore increase continuously till R = 5.
C-5.
Potential at C point may be greater than potential at point B. Therefore current flow in resistance may
be from B to A.
C-6 (i-ii)
V – 10 V – 6 V – 5
Apply KCL for circuit KCL   =0
10 20 30
6V – 60 + 3V – 18 + 2V – 10 = 0  11V = 88  V=8V Ans
10 – 8
current in resistance R1 = = 0.2 amp
10
C-7.
Current flow in 2R resistance is from right to left.
C-8.
4.5 3

54 3  10 30
Eq = 3 10  = V, req =  
1 1 13 13 13

3 10
54 /13 54 1
i=   amp.
30 108 2
6
13
1
V6 = i.R = × 6 = 3V
2
There fore current in 10 is zero.

ADVCE - 13
Current Electricity
E – r r R
C-9. = =1–  = 0.6  R = 0.6 r + 0.6 R
E r R r R
4 2R 6 R 6R 18R
r= R=  =   = 0.9 = 90%
6 3 r  6R 2R  6R 2R  18R
3
Section (D)
D-1. (a) R1 = R01 (1 + 1 ) = 600 (1 + 0.001 × 30) = 618 
R2 = R02 (1 + 2 ) = 300 (1 + 0.004 × 30) = 336 
Req = R1 + R2 = 618 + 336 = 954 
54 1
(b) Req = R0eq (1 + eq ) 954 = 900 ( 1 +  30) =  degree–1
900  30 500
D-2.
Req = 7 + 4 + 9 = 20
V = IReq = 1 × 20 = 20 V
(110)2 (110)2
D-3. R2.5 W =  , R100W =  R2.5 > R100 .
2.5 100
In series current passes through both bulb are same
P2.5 = i2 R2.5, P100 = i2 R100
P2.5 > P100 due to R2.5 > R100 &  P2.5 > 2.5W & P100 < 100 W (can be verified)
Therefore 2.5 W bulb will fuse
D-4.
 20 20 
 2  3   20 50  20
Req =   100
= Req = 
20 20 110 11
  20
2 3
V2 (10)2
P=  = 11 W .
R 100 /11
D-5. P = i2R
current is same, so P  R
r 3r 2
In the 1st case it is , in 2nd case it is 3r, in 3rd case it is and in 4th case the net resistance is r.
3 2 3
R1 < R4 < R3 < R2 
  P1 < P4 < P3 < P2
ADVCE - 14
Current Electricity
D-6. Initial Req = 5
Final Req = 3 
Change in resistance = 5 – 3 = 2 
(220)2
D-7. R=
100
R 4 R 4 (220)2
Req = +R= 
3 3 300
V2 (220)2  300 300
P=   = 75 W
Req 4(220)2 4
D-8. This simplified circuit is shown in the figure.

i
30 2V 20
2V 30 2V 30 60
= =
30
i
2 1
Therefore, current i = = A
20 10
V2 V2
D-9. In series a , Req = 3 R P= = 10  = 30
3R R
in parallel Req = R/3
V2 3V 2
P=  = 3 × 30 = 90 W
R/3 R
100 200
D-10.   Req = 20 
Req 40
R  100
Req = = 20   R = 25 
100  R
D-11. For Pmax  r = Req , Req = R/3
R
0.1 =  R = 0.3 
3
ADVCE - 15
Current Electricity
D-12. Resistance of one side = 0.1 × 10 = 1
V 2 (2)2
Req = 1 P=  = 4 watt
Req 1
D-13. Since, resistance in upper branch of the circuit is twice the resistance in lower branch. Hence, current
there will be half.
4 i/2 6
5 i
Now P4 = (i/2)2 (4) (P = i2R)
P5 = (i)2 (5)
P4 1
or 
P5 5
P5 10
 P4 = = = 2 cal/s.
5 5
D-14.
For power across heater is maximum resistance of balb should be minimum.

2
 V 
Pheater =   RH
 H
R  R b 
Rbulb is minimum for 200 W.
9  12
D-15. RAB = +7
9  12
85
= Ans.
7
D-16. Condition for maximum power is

r=R
6R  3R
4=
9 R
R = 2 Ans.
v2
D-17. P PA = PD = PE > PB = PC
r
ADVCE - 16
Current Electricity
Section (E)
E1 E2

r1 r2 E r  E2 r1 r r
E-1. Eeq =  1 2 req = 1 2
1 1
 r1  r2 r1  r2
r1 r2
Therefore statement II is correct bul I is wrong.
E-2. Assume M cells are connected correct and N cells connected wrong.
M + N = 12 .......(1)
3R
(M + 2) E – NE = 3R  M–N+2= ......(2)
E
2R
ME – (N + 2)E = 2R  M–N–2= ......(3)
E
from eq (1) and (2)
– M + N + 10 = 0  M – N = 10 ......(4)
from eq (1) and (2)
M = 11, N = 1
E-3. For ideal r  0
10 15

E= r 1  10  15 r
1 1
 1 r
r 1
E = 10 V
E-4.
1  2  3 .....  (R1  R2  R3  .......)

i= =
R1  R2  R3  ....... R1  R2  R3  .......
i=. so that potential difference between any two points is zero
Section (F)
300  600
F-1. Req = 200 + + 100 = 500 
300  600
100 1
=  amp
500 5
1
600 1 1
600 =  = amp
1 1 5 15

300 600
1
Reading of volt meter = I600 R600 = × 600 = 40 V
15
ADVCE - 17
Current Electricity
E
F-2. Potential gradient = V/cm
100
E
 e.m.f. of battery = 30 × Ans.
100
4 15
F-3. Req = 2 +  + RA = 9 + RA
2 3
V 10
=  1=  RA = 1
R eq 9  RA
if 4 replace by 2 resistance then
2 15 10
Req = 2 +  + 1 = 9  I= amp
2 3 9
480  20 96 146
F-4 Req = 10 + = 10 + 
480  20 5 5
current passes through the battery.
20  5 100 50
=   amp.
146 146 73
E1  E2 3
F-5. Case-I : g =  1=  Rg + R + 2r = 3 .......... (1)
Rg  R  2r Rg  R  2r
Case-II : Eeq = E = 1.5 V
Eeq 1.5 r 1.5
g =  0.6 =  Rg + R + = = 2.5....(2)
r r 2 0.6
Rg  R  Rg  R 
2 2
from eq (1) and (2)
3r 1
= 0.5  r= 
2 3
2 V 2  10 1
F-6. i= x=  .
10  R (R  10) 100
2  10 40
V1 = x  10 × 10–3 = 
(R  10) 100
8
R + 10 = 
10  10–3
   R + 10 = 800   R = 790
6 6 30
F-7.    R = 4
R x– R 20
F-8. By ohm's law V = iR

(14.4 – x) = 1.75 R
(22.4 – x) = 2.75 R
R=8
14.4 – 1.75 × 8 = x
x = 0.4 volt Ans.
AC
F-9. The ratio will remain unchanged.
CB
F-10. As there is no change in the reading of galvanometer with switch S open or closed. It implies that bridge
is balanced. Current through S is zero and IR = IG, IP = IQ.
ADVCE - 18
Current Electricity
PART - III
J i
1. Drift speed Vd = =
ne neA
V L V
i= where R = E= and P = I2 R
R A L
2.
short circuited resistor.

In a resistor current always flows from higher potential to lower potential.
In short circuited resistor or ideal cell, energy dissipated is always zero because in short circuited
resistor no current flow and in ideal cell no internal resistance.
Potential difference may be zero across a resistor, non-ideal cell or short circuited resistor.
EXERCISE-2
PART - I
1
1. R 
r4
%R = 4 × 0.1 = 0.4%
2. V = E – r  9.8 = 10 – I .1
V 9.8
 = 0.2 amp R=  = 49 
 0.2
P
A i
3.
r
A B
VA – VB = E – iR < E
4.
E E
VR = R =
r R r
1
R
R  0 VR = 0
& R  VR = E
5. For maximum power across the resistance, R is equal to equivalent resistance of remaining resistance
R1 R 2
R=
R1 R 2
E 2ER
6. V= R 
r 2R  r
R
2
ADVCE - 19
Current Electricity
7.
Due to input symmetry potential drop in AC, AD and AE part is same. Therefore potential at C, D and E
point is same.
7
Req = 
3
r
8. req= r12 =
2
r
req = r34 =
2
9.
25 45
RAB = 2 + 8 + =  Ans
2 2
10.
Due to input output symmetry, here no current passes through resistance 2 to 6 and 4 to 8. Equivalent
circuit is
1 1 1 1 1 4
=   =
R eq 3R 2R 2R R eq 3R
ADVCE - 20
Current Electricity
11. The circuit can be redrawn as follows :
2R 2R 4R
 r r
 2r
P Q P Q
2R 2R 4R
 2Rr
R+r
P Q
12.
V2
R=
P
(i) R1 < R2 
  W1 < W2
(ii) R1 + R2 > R2
 i' > i
 W3 > W2
From (i) and (ii)
W3 > W2 > W1
Alternate solution
V2 V2
P= so R =
R P
2
V V2
 R1 = and R2 = R3 =
100 60
(250)2 (250)2
Now W1 = · R1 W2 = · R2
(R1  R 2 )2 (R1  R 2 )2
(250)2
and W3 =
R3
W 1 : W 2 : W 3 = 15 : 25 : 64 or W 1 < W 2 < W 3
0 
13. (0 – )4= 0 G ...(1)
5 5
24
(0 – g) = gG ...(2)
24
from (1) and (2)
16 0 6 
  0
5 8(0 – g ) 5g
0
12g = 0 – g  g = Ans
13
ADVCE - 21
Current Electricity
14.
(4 – ) R = RV = 20 (4 – ) R = 20
So that, R is greater than 5
15. Case-I : For ideal voltmeter

E 3
V1 = . 3R = E = 0.75 E
4R 4
Case-II :
E 6
V2 = . 6R = E = 0.857 E
7R 7
Case-III :
E 2
V3 = . 2R = E = 0.666 E
3R 3
16. 0.75 × 60 = 15 × i2 i2= 3 amp
17. i1 = 0.75 + 3 (form KCL)
i1 = 3.75 amp
18. For max , Rh is minimum which is zero .
5.5
max = Amp.
20
for min , Rh is maximum which is 30 .
5.5 5.5
min =  Amp.
20  30 50
min 5.5 20 2
=   Amp. Ans
max 50 5.5 5
R
A V
19. A V
V
V
Equaivalent resistance decrease so current will increases.
VA + VV = V
Due to change, VA increases so voltmeter reading will decrease.
20.
( – x) 
+ x =   x =
 1
–x
Reading of voltmeter after connection of resistance is

 6
= = = 2V Ans
(  1) 21
ADVCE - 22
Current Electricity
21.
i = ig + is .........(1)
i gG = i s S .........(2)
from (1) & (2) (putting ig = 0.1 mA, G = 100) we have
i = 100.1 mA
22. BC, CD and BA are known resistance,
The unknown resistance is connected between A and D.
Hence, the correct option is (D)
RR v
23. .I  V
R  Rv
RR v V I 1 1
  
R  Rv I V R Rv
I 1 1 1 V
    R  
v Rv R I 1 v
 I
v Rv Rv
24. R = 10
(4)2 (2)2
 0.1   10.1
1.6  0.4
Pav  10 10 =  1 watt
0.2 2
   
25. 1 –  1 2  r1  0
 r1  r2  R 
r1 + r2 + R = 2r1  R = r1 – r2
P R 10 600
26. =  =
Q X 100 X
X = 6000 
For second case
P R 10 630
=  =  X = 6300 
Q X 100 X
Rf = R0 (1 +  T)
6300 = 6000 (1 +  (100))
= 5  10–4 / C°
PART - II
1.
 r   r2 
(a) J = J0  1   shadded area dA = 2rdr di = 2J0  r   dr
 R  R 

R
 r2   R2 R2  2 J0 R 2 J A
i = 2J0 
0
 r   dr = 2  J0 
 R   2

3
 =
 6
= 0
3
Put A = 4
ADVCE - 23
Current Electricity
2. Let length of P =  meter Resistance of P =  .

A
Let length of Q = (1 –  ) meter
2
Resistance of R =  A
= 4
2
A
(1  ) 1 4
Resistance of Q =  = 4  4 = 1 –  = 1–=
A A 5 5
Resistance of P  1
1
= 1A = = 54 = Ans.
Resistance of Q ( A ) 1 5
4
Lengthof P 1
= = Ans.
Length of Q 1 4
6x 12  8x
3. For maximum power req = Req  2+ =4  =4
6x 6x
 12 + 8x = 24 + 4x  4x = 12 x = 3 Ans.
4. Condition for maximum power is
Net internal resistance = Net external resistance
rnet = Rnet
300
r
n =R
n
300  r
n2 =
R
300  0.3
n=
10
n=3
5. (a) E = 6V, r =10  , r1 = 1
3
9V = 6 + i × 10  i=
10
i = 0.3 A Ans.
(b) When internal resistance r1 = 1 
9 = 6 + i1 × 1  i1 = 3 A Ans.
6.
1  a  1    2    2
Reff = r  ar  = ar   =  8  ar.
4  2  4  2   
7.
due to input output symmetry potential at point 2, 4, 5, are equal and potential at point 3, 6, 8 are equal
R R R 5
Req =    R
3 6 3 6
ADVCE - 24
Current Electricity
2 2 4
8. 1 = 2 sin 18º = RLK = 2 × = 
3 3 3
4
RFC = =2
2
9. (i)
VAB = 2V  i2 = 0 & i1 = i3
2 = 3 – i, r,  i1 = 1A  i3 = 1A
(ii)
Apply kvl in ABCD

2 – (I1 + I2 + I3)R = 0
I1 + I2 + I3 = 2 Ans.
10.  (by folding)
7 R8  R 7R U 15 U
 Reft = = i= =
7 R8 R 15 R eft 7R
11. Applying Kirchhoff’s second law in loop ADBA :
2 – 2i1 – i1 –1 – 2(i1 – i2) = 0 .........(1)

Similarly applying Kirchhoff’s second law in loop BDCB
2(i1 – i2) + 3 – 3i2 – i2 – 1 = 0 .........(2)
Solving Equation (1) and (2) we get,
5 6 1
i1 = , i2 = and i1 – i2 = –
13 13 13
ADVCE - 25
Current Electricity
(i) Potential difference between B and D.
VB + 2(i1 – i2) = VD
2
  VB – VD = – 2(i1 – i2) = volt
13
6 21
(ii) VG = EG – i2rG = 3 – ×3= volt
13 13
6 19
VH = EH + i2rH = 1 + ×1= volt
13 13
12
12. 2= R
10000  R
 R = 2000  = 2K,
Galvanometer will show deflection, as the temperature of wire wound decreases, resistance decreases.
13. E = 1.52 V V = E – ir
1.45 = 1.52 – 1r
r = 0.07  Ans.
120V

14. Case-I 300  1 400
 – 1 RV
60 1 60 3
Current  =  amp 1 =  amp.
300 5 400 20
60
60 = ( – 1) RV  RV = = 1200
1 3
–
5 20
120V

300 400
Case-
 –  RV
1200
120 6
= = amp.
300  1200 32
400 
1200  300
1200 4 3 3
0 300 = (– 0) 1200  =  0 =
amp
1500 5 16 20
3 900
Reading of voltmeter = × 300 = = 45 V Ans
20 20
15. As the ammeters A1 and A2 are ideal, potential drop across AB and AC are zero. Hence point B and C
are at equal potential, so there will be no current through A3.
I3 = 0
Resultant circuit may be drawn as
Applying KVL in the loop ABEFA

– 10 + i2 5 – 15 i1 + 20 = 0  3i1 – i2 = 2 ...(1)
Applying KVL in the loop BCDEB
ADVCE - 26
Current Electricity
8 – (i1 + i2) 3 – i2 5 + 10 = 0 3i1 + 8i2 = 18 ...(2)
16 34
i2 = Amp, i1 = Amp
9 27
82
Reading of ammeter A1, i1 + i2 = amp Ans.
27
34
Reading of ammeter A2, i1 = amp Ans.
27
iA1 + iA2 + iA3
82 34 116  2 
 0   58  
27 27 27  27 
16.
1000
V
400 800
400 800
A 10 i
i
6V 6V
(a) (b)
Refer figure (a) : Current through ammeter,
net emf 6
i= = = 4.96 × 10–3 A = 4.96 mA
net resistance 400  800  10
Refer figure (b) : Combined resistance of 1000 voltmeter and 400 resistance is,
1000  400
R= = 285.71 
1000  400
6
  i= = 5.53 × 10–3 A
 285.71  800 
Reading of voltmeter
= Vab = iR = (5.53 × 10–3) (285.71) = 1.58 volt
PART - III
1. Electrons are accelerated in opposite direction of electric field. Therefore speed of the electron is more
at B than at A.
2. In series current remain same  = neAvd, J = /A, for constant current v d 1/A and J 1/A.
3. When no current is passed through a conductor the average velocity of a free electron over a large
period of time is zero and the average of the velocities of all the free electrons at an instant is zero.
4. IR = V = E

  E  
A
EA E 5  10 –2
   = = 5 × 10–3 –m
 J 10
1 1
 =  = 200 mho/m.
 5  10–3
V 10
5. (i) Rbulb =  = 1. k
 10  10–3
220
(ii) Rbulb = = 4.4 k.
50  10–3
since increase in temperature increases resistance when it is connected to 220 V mains.
ADVCE - 27
Current Electricity
x dx x dx
6. (A) dR =
0 A
, R= 
0 0 A
=
20 A
V0
(B) I=
R
I
(C) J=
A
(D) J = E
J 2V
E =  20 x

KE KE KE N
   ...........upto
7. Eeq = r r r K
1 1 1 N
   ........upto
r r r K
1 1 1 N K 2r
Eeq = KE,   ........ upto req =
req Kr Kr K N
K 2r NR
For maximum power req = R  =R  K=
N r
 NR 
E2  
r  NE
2 2 2
2
 Eeq   EK  EK  2 2
Maximum power = Pmax = I R =   R =   R = 4R = =
 2R   2R  4R 4r
8*. Equivalent resistance Req = 10  so current passing through battery and 3 resistance is
10
i= =1A Ans.
10
and current passing through 4  is 0.25 A Ans.
1 A
3 1A 3 2 4
10 V 1 A 1 A
2 2
8 8 4
1 =r 1 A
4
2 2 2
8 8
9*. Let potential of point D is x. by KCL at point D.
I1 + I2 + I3 = 0
x  70 x 0 x  10
+ + =0
10 20 30
 6x – 420 + 3x + 2x – 20 = 0
 11x = 440  x = 40 volt
40  70 40
 I1 = = – 3A, I2 = = 2A
10 20
ADVCE - 28
Current Electricity
40  10
I3 = = 1A
30
P = i2R
P = 32 × 10 + 22 × 20 + 12 × 30
P = 200 W
10.*
Current flow in circuit is  = 10 amp

Power supplied by the battery is = 2R = (10)2 × 2 = 200 W
Potential drop across 4 & 6 are equal and it is equal to zero.
Current in AB wire is 10 amp.
11*. V = E – ir
from graph V = 10 – 5i  r = 5, E = 10V
E 10
imax =  = 2 amp
r 5
E
12*. for short circuited,  =
r
E
V = E – r =E– .r=0
r
When current flow from negative terminal to positive terminal
V = E – r which is less than E
When current flow from positive terminal to negative terminal
V = E + r which is greater than E.
13*.

Current i =
R r
Cell generating power =i
 R
Heat produced in R at the rate = i2R = iR. = i.
R r R r
r
Heat produced in r at the rate i2r = i .
R r
14*.
Current in the circuit

12
i= = 2 amp VA = 0  VA – VM = – 2 × 3  VM = 6V and
3  2 1
VN – VA = – 2 × 2  VN = – 4 V
Current in wire AG is zero.
ADVCE - 29
Current Electricity
15.
20 1
imax =  amp
5  75  120 10
1
Vmax = imax R75 = × 75 = 7.5 V
10
Range of potentiometer 0 to 7.5 V
16. For non ideal ammeter and voltmeter, ammeter have low resistance and voltmeter have high
resistance. Therefore the main current in the circuit will be very low and almost all current will flow
through the ammeter. It emf of cell is very high then current in ammeter is very high result of this current
the devices may get damaged. If devices are ideal that means resistance of voltmeter is infinity. so that
current in the circuit is zero. Therefore ammeter will read zero reading and voltmeter will read the emf of
cell.
50
17. For 50 V, RV = = 1000 K in series
50  10–6
10
For 10 V, RV = = 200 K in series
50  10–6
100  50  10–6
For 5 mA, Rs=  1 in parallel
5  10–3
100  50  10–6 1
For 10 mA, Rs = –3
=  in parallel
10  10 2
1 2

r1 r2 r  r
18. VA – VB = Eeq = = 12 21
1 1
 r1  r2
r1 r2
If 1 > 2 source 1 act as a source and 2 act as a load.
and V1 = 1 – ir1
V2 = 2 + ir2
 
V1 = V2 as i = 1 2 for 1 > 2
r1  r2
19*. In parallel combination potential difference are same
So V1 + V2 = V3
Here V1 and V2 are in series but their resistances are different
So V1 = iR1
V2 = iR2
V1  V2
E R
20. Potential gradient x = ×
r R 100
Where R = resistance of potentiometer wire.
E E E R
= x  = × 
2 2 r R 100
50(r  R) 
=  > 50 cm. Ans.
R
 Balance length should be less than or equal to 100 cm
  100
 50(r  R) 
 100 Rr Ans.
R
ADVCE - 30
Current Electricity
21. It is easier to start a car engine on a warm day than on a chilly cold day because the internal resistance
of battery decreases with rise in temperature and so current increases.
Power Loss = 2R,  Power loss  I2
P
Also P = V.    =
V
Since for given power & line P & R are constant
P2R 1
Power loss = 2R = 2  Power loss  2
V V
mica is good conductor of heat but bad conductor of electricity
PART - IV
1 - 3.
As E2 is increasing it's current also increases, So, increasing graph is of i2.
i1 = 0.1A, E2 = 4V, i2 = 0
0.1A
As ; + R1
E2 R2
4V – + 0.1A
– E1
0.1 R1 + 0.1 R2 – E1 = 0
0.1 R2 – 4 V = 0
R2 = 40 
 Now ; i2 = 0.3A, i1 = – 0.1 A, E2 = 8V
0.2A
0.3A R1
8V 0.1A
40
Now ; 0.1 R1 +E1 – 8 = 0

When E2 = 6V, current in E1 is i1 = 0 (from graph)
E1 = 6V
4
 R1 = = 20  
0.2

5. (i)
Energy kirchoffs first law at first junction

V0 V0
V0 
V0  V0
0  1  V0 V0  1  V0
K K2
  1  K  R = KR  1  K  + KR
K K
= +
R1 R1 R2   1 1   2
1  1 1 1  1 K 2  2K  1 R1
 1  K  K  2  = KR .  =
R1  K  2 K 2 KR2
R2 K
= .........(1)
R1 (K  1)2
VO V V0
 0
K n1 K n = K n , R1
= (K – 1) .........(2)
R1 R3 R3
ADVCE - 31
Current Electricity
R2 K
(1) & (2)  =
R3 K –1
V1 V0 / K V (K – 1)  (K – 1)  V0
(ii) I =  = 02  I =  
R2 R3 (K / K – 1) K R3  K2  R3
E
r
6.
100 Cm 50 
A B
E
Current is AB =
50  4
Potential gradient
 E  50
x=  
 50  4  100
For balancing length
v = x
 E 1
1.5 =    40
 50  4  2
E = 4.05
50 
A B
7.
G
10 k 1.5 10 div
RG = 50
1.5
I
10100
Deflection
Current sensitivity =
Current
10
 10100
1.5
10 0.010100 Div
= 0.067
1.5 A
8. Current through G is Case – I

E
I0 =
RG
Current through G is Case – II
E S
I1 = 
 GS  (S  G)
  R
 S  G 
I0
R >> G I1 
2
ADVCE - 32
Current Electricity
9 to 12.
Case-1
R
100
i
MP
10 i0 G = 12 × 10–3
10 i0 (100) = 16 × 10–3  103 i0 = 16 × 10–3  i0 = 16 × 10–6 A
G 3
  G = 75
100 4
Case-2
G
R
30 i0 (R + G) = 12
12 2 2  106
R+G=   = 2.5 × 104 = 25k
30i0 5  16  10–6 80
R = 25k – 75
Case-3
30 i0 (R + G) = 12
 5 
ni0 ( R + G) =   24
 25 
n = 12
V
24
5 1
EXERCISE-3
PART - I
l
1. R=
A
L 
R= =
tL t
Independent of L.
V2 1 100
2. 100 =  = 2
R '100 R '100 V
where R’100 is resistance at any temperature corresponds to 100 W
V2 1 60
60 =  = 2
R '60 R '60 V
V2 1 40
40 =  = 2
R '40 R '40 V
From above equations we can say
1 1 1
> > .
R '100 R '60 R '40
So, most appropriate answer is option (D).
ADVCE - 33
Current Electricity
3. To verify Ohm's law one galvaometer is used as ammeter and other galvanometer is used as
voltameter. Voltameter should have high resistance and ammeter should have low resistance as
voltameter is used in parallel and ammeter in series that is in option (C).
4.
2
i=
2R
2
 2 
J1 =   R
 2R
 

eq = 1 1 = 
1 1

1 1
1  2
req =  i= =
2 1
R 2R 1
2
2
 2 
J2 =   R
 1  2R 
9
Given J1 = J2
4
2 2
 2  9  2  2 3
  2  R  R = 4  1  2R  R  =
    2R 1  2R
 2 + 4R = 6 + 3R  R = 4.
E1 E2 6 3
 
r1 r2 15
5.   1 2 = = 5 volt Ans.
1 1 1 1 3
 
r1 r2 1 2
6. Due to input and output symmetry P and Q and S and T have same potential.
ADVCE - 34
Current Electricity
6  12
Req = = 4
18
12
1 = = 3A
4
 12 
2 =  3
 6  12 
2 = 2 A
VA – VS = 2 × 4 = 8V
VA – VT = 1 × 8 = 8V
VP = VQ  Current through PQ = 0 (A)
V P = V Q  V Q > VS (C)
I1 = 3A (B)
I2 = 2A (D)
L 4L V2
7. In given Kettle R =  = , P=
d
2
d2 R
 
2
L L
In second Kettle R1 =  2 R2 =
d d2
So R1 = R2 = R/4
L
If wires are in parallel equivalent resistance RP =
d2
Then power PP= 8P 
 So it will take 0.5 minute
If wires are in series equivalent resistance
RS = R/2
Then power PS = 2P
So it will take 2 minutes
8.
Potential of Junction O
V1 V
0 2
R1 R3
V0 
1 1 1
 
R1 R 2 R3
Current through R2 will be zero if
V1 R
V0 = 0   = 1
V2 R3
6
9. (G + 4990) = 30
1000
30,000
 G + 4990 =  5000
6
 G = 10
ADVCE - 35
Current Electricity
6  6 
×10 =  1.5  1000  S
1000  
60 2n
 S= 
1494 249
249  30 2490
 n=  =5
1494 498
10. For balanced meter bridge

X X 90  X  60
= , =
R 100   40 60
X=R
100  
X   0.1 0.1
   
X 100  40 60
X = 0.25
so X = (60 + 0.25) 

11. RA and RFe are Parallel to each other
1 1 1
 
Req R Al RFe
1 2.7  108  (.05)
= ;
R Al (.007)2  (.002)2
2.7  108  5  104
RAl= = 3 × 10–5
106  45  100
1.0  10 7  (.05)
RFe =
(.002) 2
107 5
RFe = 5  102 =  103
4  106 4
1 1 4 105 4  103
=  = 
R eq 3  105 5  103 3 5
1 15 15
= =
R eq 5  10  12  10
5 3
5.12  105
1 150 1875
=  = 
R eq 5.12 64
12.  
ADVCE - 36
Current Electricity
  
          
        
6.5
I  1amp  
6.5
13. Suppose current for full deflection (i.e., For maximum range) through galvanometer is g.
g
(A) G G
R R
Total potential difference V1 = 2Ig(R + RC)
g
G
2g
(B)
g R R
G
R 
Total potential difference V2 = 2g  C  2R  = g (RC + 4R)
 2 
Now since 2RC < R
So V1 < 3gR
while V2 > 4Rg
So V2 > V1
(C)
g
G
1
g
G
gRC = R
R
 = g C
R
 R 
1 = 2 g 1  C 
 R 
ADVCE - 37
Current Electricity
2 g
G G

(D) R

RC
2gRC = R  = 2 g
R
 4R C 
2 = g  1   We can be see 1 > 2S
 R 
j(t)
t
(0, 0)
15.
just before collision 2q just after collision
2q
–V0
–q
2 V0
E
h
+q
+V0
2q
Kq Vor
= Vo = q =
r K
1  qE  2 1 V0 r 2 V0 2 h2 mk
2  m 
t =h ; t =h ; t2 =
2 K hm V02 r
h mk
t=
V0 r
During every collision 2q charge will flow from circuit.
2q 2V02 r r
Average current Iavg = =
t h mk k
Iavg V02
14. The balls will bounce back to the bottom plate carrying the opposite charge they went up with.
15. Iavg V02
16. N = 50
A = 2 × 10–4 m2 C = 10–4, R = 50 , B = 0.02 T,  = 0.2 rad
Ni AB = C
C 104  0.2
ig =  = 0. 1 A
N AB 50  2  104  0.02
ig × G = (i – ig) S
0.1 × 50 = (1 – 0.1) × S
50
5 = 0.9 ×S ; S = 
9
ADVCE - 38
Current Electricity
g Rg
G
17.
v = 100 × 10-3v
v = Ig(Rg + Rv)
101
= Rg +Rv
2  106
5 × 104   Rv (Rv < 105 )
RV
V
RA
A
i ' 1000

S
G
IgRg = (I – Ig)S
2  106  10
S=
103  2  106
S = 2 × 10—5 ×103
 2 × 10—2
 20m
20  103  10
RA = = 20 × 10–3 
10
 51
i=   R A  0
 1000 50  103  5  104
 
 51 103 
 
 Rv  
i'  i 
 51 10 
3 1000
i'1000  5  104
measured resistance  Rm =   5  104   980.4
i 51 51
PART - II
1. Let R be their individual resistance at 0ºC. Their resistance at any other temperature t is
R1 = R (1 + 1 t) and R2 = R (1 + 2 t).
In series
Rseries = R1 + R2 = R [2 +(1 + 2) .t]
   2    2
= 2R. 1  1 t Series = 1
 2  2
R1.R 2 R(1  1t) R(1  2t)
In Parallel RParallel = =
R1  R 2 R(2  1  2 ) t)
R 2 (1  (1  2 )t)    2 
  1 1 t
1  2
t)  
2
2R(1 
2
  2
Parallel = 1 .
2
ADVCE - 39
Current Electricity

2. R= ( V = A const)
A
V = A
By differentiation 0 = dA + Ad ....(1)
(Ad  dA)
By differentiation dR = ....(2)
A2
2Ad 2d
dR =  , dR =
A2 A
dR d
or  2.
R
dR d
So , %  2. % = 2 × 0.1%
R
dR
%  0.2% Ans.
R
V R R    
3. x= = = A = A
 
0.2  4  107 0.8
x= 7
= = 0.1 V/m.
8  10 8
4.
220 220
As R1 =  220 and R2 =  220
25 100
R = R1 + R2
 1 1 
= 220 × 220   
 25 100 
1
= 220 × 220
20
440 40
 live =  A
220  220 220
20
 1st bulb (25 W) will fuse only
240
5.
120V
V2
P
R
120  120
R = 240     
60
 Req. = 240 + 6 = 246 
240
V1 =  120 = 117.073 volt
246
ADVCE - 40
Current Electricity
60
120V
48
V2   120  106.66 Volt
54
48
120Volt
V1 – V2 = 10.04 Volt
6. Statements I is false and Statement II is true
7. Total power (P) = (15 × 40) + (5 × 100) + (5 × 80) + (1 × 1000) = 2500W

P = VI
2500
I = A
220
125
=
11
= 11.3 A
Minimum capacity should be 12 A
 = 0.1 m
8.
+ V = 5v
vd = 2.5 × 10–4 m/s
n = 8 × 1028/m3
I = ne A vd
VA
= ne A vd

V 5
= =
nev d 8  1028  1.6 10 19  2.5 10 4 0.1
= 1.6 × 10–5 m
igG
9. S=
I  ig
here ig = 10–3 A G = 102,  = 10A
S ~ 10–2
2V 4V 2V 2V 2V 0V
1 1 1
10.
6V 2V 4V 2V 2V 2V
0V
p.d. across each resistance is zero so current is also zero.
11. In a balanced Wheatstone bridge if the position of cell and galvanometer is exchanged the null point
remains same.
ADVCE - 41
Current Electricity
12. Full deflection current, g = 5mA
Resistance of galvanometer, G = 15.
V
R= G
g
10
=  15
5  103
= 2000 – 15
= 1985 
= 1.985 × 103 
10
12V
1
13.
13V
2
12 13

Eeq = 1 2
1 1

1 2
37
37
= 2 
3 3
2
2
req. =
3
37 37
3 37
I=  3 
2 32 32
 10
3 3
 37 
Voltage across load = IR =   10 = 11.56V
 32 
 
14. Using formula r = R  1  1
 2 
 52  12
= 5  1 = 5   1.5
 40  40
R 1000–R
G
15.
 100–
Say resistances are R and 1000 – R
R 1000  R
For case-I 
100 
1000  R R
For case-II 
 10 110 
Multiplying both equation
ADVCE - 42
Current Electricity
R(1000  R) (1000  R)R

(  10) (100  )(110  )
 2 – 10= 11000 + 2 –210
  200= 11000
 = 55 cm
Putting in first equation
R 1000  R

55 45
45R = 55000 – 55R
R = 550 
16.
Color Codes Values Multiplier Tolerance (%)
Black 0 1
Brown 1 10
Red 2 100
Orange 3 1K
Yellow 4 10K
Green 5 100K
Blue 6 1M
Violet 7 10M
Grey 8 100M
White 9 1G
Gold 5
Silver 10
17. In circuit, when Rh = 2

6 1 4
i1 =  1A ,  = × AJ
42 AB
AB
AJ =  …..(1)
4
when Rh = 6
6
i2 =  0.6A
46
0.6  4
2 =  AJ
AB
  AB
AJ = 2 …..(2)
0.6  4
From (1) & (2)
 2  AB   AB

0.6  4 4
2 = 0.6 × 
= 0.6 × 0.5 = 0.3V
ADVCE - 43
Current Electricity
cd
18. dR =

Acording to Question
 1
d d

0
c

 c


2    2  

0
1

2   22 
4  2
1
  = 0.25 m.
4
19. Q0  iG Q0C = iG
v
I-case CQ0 = ….(1)
220  R
0 v 5
II-case C   ….(2)
5  5R  5  R
 220  5  R 
 
from (1) and (2) R = 22
20. Total power is (15 × 45) + (15 × 100) + (15 × 10) + (2 × 1000)
= 4325 W
4325
So current is =  19.66 A
220
Ans is 20 Amp.
VP
1000 cm L = 1200 cm
 = 60 mA
G
20
21. 5V
5 V
Potential gradient =  P
1000 1200
VP = 6V
VP 6
and RP =  = 100
 60  103
22. Vg = ig Rg = 0.1 V
V = 10 V
 V 
R = Rg   1
 Vg 
= 100 × 99 = 9.9 K
ADVCE - 44
Current Electricity
HIGH LEVEL PROBLEMS (HLP)

I=1A 25 -6
Ig=20×10 ×30
G
1.
S
Ig = 20 × 10–6 × 30 = 0.6 × 10–3 A
As we know
IgRg = S(I – Ig)
25 × 0.6 × 10–3 = S × (1 – 0.6 × 10–3)
15.0  103
S= 0.015  Ans.
1  0.6  103
For voltameter
V = (RA + R) i
Resistance of ammeter is
S  Rg
RA =
S  Rg
RA ~ S = 0.015
V = (RA + R) i
1 = (0.015 + R) × 1
R = 0.985  Ans.
2. 4 = i × 10 × 103.
4 120
i= =
10 4
X  104
X + 104 = 30 × 104
X = 29 × 104 Ans.
3. (a) P = 40 W
h = 10 m
V = 200 litre
t=?
 = 90 %
mgh
×=P
t
m 40 4
= = kg/s. Ans.
t 10  10  0.9 9
(b) m = 200 × 103 × 10–3 kg
4
= t
9
1800 900
t= = = 450 sec. Ans.
4 2
ADVCE - 45
Current Electricity
4. E = 3.4 volt , r=3, RA = 2  , R = 100 .
i1 = 0.04 A , V=?, RV = ?
3.4
0.04 =
100 R V
32
100  R V
100 R V 3.4
5+ = = 85
100  R V 0.04
RV = 400  Ans.
100  400
V = 0.04 ×
500
V = 3.20 V Ans.
For ideal voltmeter
Rv 
3.4 3.4
i= =
3  2  100 105
3.4 68
V = i × 100 = × 100 = V Ans.
105 21
E  E
5. I1 = r+R=
r R I1
2E  E
I2 = 2r + R =
2r  R I2
E  r E
I3 = R =
r 2 I3
R
2
To show that 3 I2 I3 = 2I1 (I2 + I3)
 
2E E E  2E E 
L.H.S = 3 × × =2    = R.H.S
2r  R r
R r R  2r  R r  R 
2  2 
1 E   r  
3E = 2  R   2r  R   3r + 3R = r + 2R + 2r + R
r  R   2  
Hence its prove.
nr nE
6. =R  I=
m 2R
mE mE mE n2 mn2 2I
I’ = = = = ×
mr
R
m m
 R R R(m  n )
2 2
(m  n )
2 2
n
n n n
ADVCE - 46
Current Electricity
D C
F
E
7.
A B
By symmetry
Current in branches FD and CE are zero. Because potential defference across them is zero
D r C
r r
r
A B
r r r
F E
3r
Req = Ans.
5
8. Rg = 100 
Ig = 1 mA , S=?, I = 10 A , P = 1W
100 × 10–3 = (10 – 10–3) S

0.1
S=  0.01 Ans.
10  103
P = (10 – 10–3)2 × S = (10 – 10–3) × 0.1
 10 × 0.1 = 1 Watt
 Power dissipated is slightly less than 1W so its use is safe Ans.
E E
4= ...........(i), 4=
100  S 100  0.01
r r
100  S 100
E 1 2
1= ...........(ii) , +r=
 100  s  100 4
 r  100  s  1.5 
 
From (i) & (ii)
E
1= , r = 0.49  Ans.
E
 1.5
4
E = 2V Ans.
9. (a) VA = 6 V, VC = 2V Ans.
6 200
(b) E=x  4=×  = cm Ans.
100 3
(c) In secondary circuit current is zero Ans.
(d) 6 V, 6 – 7.5 = – 1.5 V, no such point D exists Ans.
ADVCE - 47
Current Electricity
10. (a)
50  200
Req= 1 + 2 +
250
= 43
4.3
i= = 0.1 A Ans.
43
V = 40 × 0.1 = 4V Ans.
52  200
(b) Req= 1 +
252
252  10400
=
252
4.3  252 1083.6 1083.6 200
i= =  iA =  = 0.08 A Ans.
252  10400 10652 10652 200  52
V= 4.3 – i × 1 = 4.2 V Ans.
11.
i = i1 + i2
V0 V V 1 1 1 R1 1
  0  0     
R2 2R1 R1 R2 R1 2R1 R2 2
R2 = 2R1
2R1Req
RAB = Req = R1 +
2R1  Req
On solving
R2eq – R1Req –2R12 – 0 ; Req = 2R1
12. It follows from symmetry considerations that the initial circuit can be replaced by an equivalent one (as
shown).
R/2 R/2
Rx/2 R/2
R/2
R
A B
We replace the inner triangle consisting of an infinite number of elements by a resistor of resistance RA
B / 2, where the resistance R AB is such that RAB = R x and RAB = a. After simplification, the circuit
becomes a system of series and parallel connected conductors. In order to find Rx, we write the
equation
1
 RR x / 2   RR x / 2 
Rx = R  R   R  R  
 R  Rx / 2   R  Rx / 2 
R( 7  1) a ( 7  1)
Solving the equation, we obtain RAB = Rx = =
3 3
ADVCE - 48
Current Electricity

13. As, R=
A
i.e., resistance of wire is proportional to its lengths other factors being constant. So, resistance of wire.
AB or CD = 4 unit
Resistances of arm BC or AD = 3 unit
and resistance of diagonal AC = 5 unit
(Taking proportionality constant to be unity) Resistance R1 between AC is parallel combination of RADC ,
RAC and RABC .
1 1 1 1 35
So,    i.e., R1 = unit
R1 7 5 7 17
Applying Kirchoff's laws for closed meshes BCAB and ADCA,
3( – 1) + 52 – 41 = 0
3 – 71 + 52 = 0 ........(i)
and 3(1 + 2) – 4( – 1 – 2) + 52 = 0
– 4 + 71 + 122 = 0 ........(ii)
Adding Eqs.(i) and (ii),

2 =
17
Substituting for 2 in Eq.(i)
8
1 =
17
If R2 is the effective resistance between points B and D,
RBD = 41 + 3(1 + 2) = 71 + 32
Substituting for 1 and 2 ,
8 3 59
RBD = 7.  , i.e. RBD = units
17 17 17
RBD 59
= Ans.
R AC 35
2nd method
I
4
D I1
5 3
3
(2I1–I) (I–I1)
(I–I1)
4 I1 B I
V
– 4I1 – 5 (2 I1 – I) + 3 (I – I1) = 0 ........(i)

– V + 3 (I – I1) + 4 I1 = 0 ........(ii)
59
(i) and (ii)  V= I 
17
59
  RBD = units
17
ADVCE - 49
Current Electricity
14. (a) Let thermal energy QA generated when coil A is switched on
V2 V2
QA = tA = 10
RA RA
Let thermal energy QB generated when coil B is switched on
V2 V2
QB = tB = 20
RB RB
since QA = QB
V2 V2
we have 10 = 20
RA RB
or 2RA = RB
V2 V2
when A & B are connected in series thermal energy QS = tS = t
R eq (R A  RB )
QS = QP = QA = QB
V 2 tS V2
 = 10
R A  RB RA
(R A  RB ) 3R A
or tS = 10 = 10 = 30 minutes
RA RA
(b) when A & B are in parallel
V2 V 2 tP (R A  RB )
QP = tP =
R 'eq (R ARB )
QP = Q A
V 2 tP (R A  RB ) V2
or = 10
(R ARB ) RA
3R A 10
or tp =
2R 2A RA
20
or tp = minutes
3
15. (a) There are no positive and negative terminals on the galvanometer because only zero deflection is
needed.
(b) G
X 12
A J B C D
(c) AJ = 60 cm
 BJ = 40 cm
If no deflection is taking place. Then the Wheatstone bridge is be said to be balanced. Hence
X RBJ
=
12 R AJ
X 40 2
or = =
12 60 3
or X = 8  Ans.
ADVCE - 50
Current Electricity
16.
    3  3
(i) i =   Vmax = i (R1 + R2) =  2 
=  Ans
r  R1  R2 2 / a2 2 / a2  2a  4
  
(ii) From A to B potential drop is = irAB =  =
2 / a 2
2a 2
4
  ' 
distance from B point = .  =
2 / a2 a2 4 2
5
total length = 2 +  Ans
2 2
(iii)

Let R =
2 a 2
apply KVL in loop ABCDA  – 3i1R = (i1 + i2)R ....(1)

applying KVL in loop EFDLE – i2R = (i1 + i2) R ...(2)
2
from eq (1) and (2)
5  
 = 7 (i1 + i2) R i2 = where R = Ans.
2 7R 2 a 2
L
x dx 0  – L
x
L
 L  I  e –1 
17. (a) 
R = 0 e
0
L
A
=
A  L e 
o
= 0
A  
 L  e  1 V
R= 0  ,i= 0 .
A  e  R
(b) Resistance upto x = Rx
  – 
x
x
 L  –x 
Rx = 0   L e L  = 0 1 e L 
A  o A  
V0 e L – e –1 
–x
– Lx
V V0 (1  e )  
V0 – V = i Rx = 0 Rx =  V= .
R (1  e 1) 1 e 1
18.
E S
Here I = and Ig =
R r 
GS GS
GS
ADVCE - 51
Current Electricity
E S ES
Ig = . 
GS G  S (R  r) (G  S)  GS
R r 
GS
9
for S = 10, Ig = × 200 × 10–3 = 36 × 10–3 amp
50
10E
36 × 10–3 = ....(1)
100(10  G)  10G
30
for S = 50, Ig = × 200 × 10–3 = 120 × 10–3 amp
50
50 E
120 × 10–3 = ....(2)
100 (50  G)  50G
from (1) and (2)

36 100(50  G) 50G 700
  G=  Ans.
24 100(10  G)  10G 3
from eq (1) E = 96 V Ans.
19.
5
RAB = R
6
V2 V2 6 3xP
Power = = = P= x=2
R AB 5
R 5 5
6
20. (A)
R0 = 2 , I1 = 2.5A
I2=1.5A
VP = 19 – R0I
= 19 –(2)×(2.5)
VP= 14V
Similarly
VQ = 16V
V  VP
 I3 = Q  I3 = 1A
R0
VP – VC
(B) I4 = = I1+ I3
R
14 – 0 14
 I4 = = I1+ I3  = 2.5+1
R R
R = 4
ADVCE - 52
Current Electricity
(C) Applying KVL in FEQPF
– I1 R0 – I3 R0+ (I– I1) ×R0 = 0
I = I3 + 2I1 ... (i)
Applying KVL in AFEDCBA ; V–I1R1 – (I1– I3) RX = 0
V  I3R X
I1 = .........(ii)
R0  R X
V  I3R X
Applying KVL in AFCBA ; V – (I–I1) R0 – (I–I1+I3) R = 0
R0  R X
V – I (R0+R)+I1( R0 +R) –I3R = 0
V– (I3+2I1) (R0+R1) +I1 ( R0+R) – I3R = 0 Using (i)
V – I3 (R0+2R) –I1( R0+R) = 0
V  I3R X
V– I3 (R0+2R) – (R0+R) = 0 Using (ii)
R0  R X
V(R x  R)
3 
(2R0  3R)R x  R0 (R0  2R)
The graph of the function is a hyperbola. Its special points are: at R x = 0 I3= –3.8 A ; at Rx ; = 4I3 = 0; at
Rx = 32 I3 = 1A ; If Rx , I3 tends to 19/16 = 1.1875A.
21.  = 2x
1
RAB =  dx
0
RAB = 1
RAP= x2
EP EP
I= =
R  R AB 1 t2
Now VAP = IRAP = ES
 1 
EP  2 
EP x 2  2  = EP    = 8
 ES =  at t = 1sec, x = 1/2 ; ES =
(1  t 2 ) 1 1 8
ADVCE - 53
Current Electricity
22. (a) A Ammeter
V Voltmeter
Variable Power supply

A
A
A
B C
Black Box
(b) See graphs for the calculations of slopes.

RAB = 0.98 k, RBC = 4.60 k, RCA = 5.67 k
(c)
ADVCE - 54
Current Electricity
ADVCE - 55

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Current Electricity

SOLUTIONS OF CURRENT ELECTRICITY

A-2 Mass of copper per unit volume = 9 × 103 kg

A-3. (i) Q = i  t = 5 × 4 × 60 = 1200C

B-2. Voltage the across the wire = E= 25 × 2 = 50 V

 (3.5  10–5 )  (50  10–2 ) 0.35

C-1. (a) In each case E.M.F. = 10 V

C-3. (a) equal in all point a, b, and c

C-4. (a) V = E – ir = 12 – 90 × 5 × 10–2 = 12 – 4.5 = 7.5 V

(c) For charging of battery V = E + ir , V>E  V > 12 V

According to Kinrchhoff’s Current Law,

C-9. (a) H = I2 Rt  400 = 22 × R × 10  R = 10

C-10. By applying Kirchhoff’s Current Law, we get the current in 10 

If we apply Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law, we get

D-4. (a) Req = R1 + R2 + R3 + r = 10 

(e) Pgenerated =i2r = 1 W inside the battery

(f) Poutput = ( – ir)i = 10 – 1 = 9 W

(h) In seriesa, P  R 4 consumes maximum power

(e) P heat generated in cell P = i2r = 4 W

(f) Poutput = i – i2r = 8 W

D-11. For maximum resistance, all resistance are in series

D-13. (a) S is open

 V = Ig (R + G)  0.2 = 0.002 (R + 30) R = 70 

4 100 r 600  6 r  400  4 r  300 r 310 r  1000

C-3. (a) V = E – ir , V < E (b) V = E + ir , V > E (C) V = E (D) V = E

There fore current in 10 is zero.

D-8. This simplified circuit is shown in the figure.

in parallel Req = R/3

D-11. For Pmax  r = Req , Req = R/3

For power across heater is maximum resistance of balb should be minimum.

D-16. Condition for maximum power is

E-3. For ideal r  0

1  2  3 .....  (R1  R2  R3  .......)

F-8. By ohm's law V = iR

short circuited resistor.

15. Case-I : For ideal voltmeter

2. Let length of P =  meter Resistance of P =  .

Apply kvl in ABCD

10.  (by folding)

11. Applying Kirchhoff’s second law in loop ADBA :

2 – 2i1 – i1 –1 – 2(i1 – i2) = 0 .........(1)

Applying KVL in the loop ABEFA

9*. Let potential of point D is x. by KCL at point D.

Current flow in circuit is  = 10 amp

Current in the circuit

Now ; 0.1 R1 +E1 – 8 = 0

Energy kirchoffs first law at first junction

8. Current through G is Case – I

10. For balanced meter bridge

6. Statements I is false and Statement II is true

7. Total power (P) = (15 × 40) + (5 × 100) + (5 × 80) + (1 × 1000) = 2500W

17. In circuit, when Rh = 2

HIGH LEVEL PROBLEMS (HLP)

100 × 10–3 = (10 – 10–3) S

– 4I1 – 5 (2 I1 – I) + 3 (I – I1) = 0 ........(i)

from (1) and (2)

Variable Power supply

(b) See graphs for the calculations of slopes.

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