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Lesson 2.1.2 - Sample Problem (Ideal Rankine Cycle)

Consider a steam power plant operating on a simple Rankine cycle. Steam enters the turbine at 3 MPa and 350°C and is condensed at 75 kPa in the condenser. To determine the thermal efficiency: 1) Calculate the enthalpy values at each state using properties from Cengel & Boles. 2) The work output is the difference between the heat input and output. 3) The thermal efficiency is 26%, calculated as the work output divided by the heat input.

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944 views18 pages

Lesson 2.1.2 - Sample Problem (Ideal Rankine Cycle)

Consider a steam power plant operating on a simple Rankine cycle. Steam enters the turbine at 3 MPa and 350°C and is condensed at 75 kPa in the condenser. To determine the thermal efficiency: 1) Calculate the enthalpy values at each state using properties from Cengel & Boles. 2) The work output is the difference between the heat input and output. 3) The thermal efficiency is 26%, calculated as the work output divided by the heat input.

Uploaded by

suga lin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ME0005

THERMODYNAMICS 2
• Evaluate and solve problem that is
operating on an ideal Rankine cycle.
Consider a steam power plant operating on the
simple ideal Rankine cycle. Steam enters the
turbine at 3 MPa and 350C and is condensed in the
condenser at a pressure of 75 kPa. Determine the
thermal efficiency of this cycle.
Consider a steam power plant
3 350°C operating on the simple ideal
3 MPA Rankine cycle. Steam enters the
turbine at 3 MPa and 350C and
TURBINE
is condensed in the condenser at
a pressure of 75 kPa. Determine
the thermal efficiency of this
BOILER 4 cycle.
75 kPA

CONDENSER
2
1 75 kPA
3 MPA PUMP
3 350°C T
3 MPA

3 MPA 3
TURBINE
2

BOILER 4
75 kPA
75 kPA
1 4
CONDENSER
2
1 75 kPA
S
3 MPA PUMP
❖ Thermal Efficiency
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡
𝑛 𝑇𝐻 =
𝑄𝑖𝑛

❖ Heat added (Boiler)

𝑞𝑖𝑛 = ℎ3 − ℎ2

𝑄𝑖𝑛 = 𝑚(ℎ
ሶ 3 − ℎ2 ) 𝑄𝑖𝑛

❖ Work Net
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑄𝑖𝑛 − 𝑄𝑜𝑢𝑡

𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑊𝑇 − 𝑊𝑃
𝑄𝑜𝑢𝑡
❖ Heat rejected (Condenser)

𝑞𝑜𝑢𝑡 = ℎ4 − ℎ1

𝑄𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝑚(ℎ
ሶ 4 − ℎ1 )
❖ Determine the
following enthalpy
values:
𝑄𝑖𝑛
𝒉𝟏
𝒉𝟐
𝒉𝟑
𝒉𝟒 𝑄𝑜𝑢𝑡
❖ Solving for 𝒉𝟏

𝒌𝑱
𝒉𝟏 = 𝟑𝟖𝟒. 𝟒𝟒
𝒌𝒈

𝑄𝑖𝑛

Source: Thermodynamics: An Engineering


𝑄𝑜𝑢𝑡
Approach 8th Ed. by Cengel & Boles
❖ Solving for 𝒉𝟐
❖ Work pump (Pump)
𝑤𝑃 = ℎ2 − ℎ1 = 𝜐1 (𝑃2 − 𝑃1 )

𝒌𝑱
𝒉𝟐 = 𝟑𝟖𝟕. 𝟒𝟕
𝒌𝒈 𝑄𝑖𝑛

Source: Thermodynamics: An Engineering


𝑄𝑜𝑢𝑡
Approach 8th Ed. by Cengel & Boles
❖ Solving for 𝒉𝟑

𝒌𝑱
𝒉𝟑 = 𝟑𝟏𝟏𝟔. 𝟏
𝒌𝒈

𝑄𝑖𝑛

Source: Thermodynamics: An Engineering


𝑄𝑜𝑢𝑡
Approach 8th Ed. by Cengel & Boles
❖ Solving for 𝒉𝟒

𝒌𝑱
𝒉𝟒 = 𝟐𝟒𝟎𝟑. 𝟎
𝒌𝒈 𝑄𝑖𝑛

Source: Thermodynamics: An Engineering


𝑄𝑜𝑢𝑡
Approach 8th Ed. by Cengel & Boles
T
Determine the location of Pt. 4
3 MPA Compare s4 with sf and sg @75kPa
𝒌𝑱
𝒔𝟒 = 𝟔. 𝟕𝟒𝟓
𝒌𝒈 − 𝑲
𝒔𝒇 = @𝟕𝟓 𝒌𝑷𝒂
75 kPA
𝒔𝒇 4 𝒔𝒈 𝒔𝒈 = @𝟕𝟓 𝒌𝑷𝒂

S
T
Determine the location of Pt. 4
3 MPA Compare s4 with sf and sg @75kPa
If 𝒔𝟒 = 𝒔𝒇 , Pt. 4 (saturated liq.)
If 𝒔𝟒 = 𝒔𝒈 , Pt. 4 (saturated vap.)
If 𝒔𝟒 < 𝒔𝒇 , Pt. 4 (subcooled/comp.)
75 kPA
𝒔𝒇 4 𝒔𝒈 If 𝒔𝟒 > 𝒔𝒈 , Pt. 4 (superheated)
If 𝒔𝒇 < 𝒔𝟒 < 𝒔𝒈 , Pt. 4 (wet-mixture)

S
T Determine the location of Pt. 4
Compare s4 with sf and sg @75kPa
3 MPA 𝒌𝑱
𝒔𝟒 = 𝟔. 𝟕𝟒𝟓
𝒌𝒈 − 𝑲
𝒌𝑱
𝒔𝒇 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟏𝟑𝟐
𝒌𝒈 − 𝑲
𝒌𝑱
𝒔𝒇
75 kPA 𝒔𝒈 = 𝟕. 𝟒𝟓𝟓𝟖
4 𝒔𝒈 𝒌𝒈 − 𝑲

𝒔𝒇 < 𝒔𝟒 < 𝒔𝒈 , Pt. 4 (wet-mixture)


S
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝒌𝑱
𝑞𝑖𝑛 = ℎ3 − ℎ2 𝑛 𝑇𝐻 = 𝒉𝟏 = 𝟑𝟖𝟒. 𝟒𝟒
𝒌𝒈
𝑞𝑖𝑛 = 3116.1 − 387.47 𝑄𝑖𝑛
𝒌𝑱 𝒌𝑱
𝒒𝒊𝒏 = 𝟐𝟕𝟐𝟖. 𝟔 710 𝒉𝟐 = 𝟑𝟖𝟕. 𝟒𝟕
𝒌𝒈 𝒌𝒈
𝑛 𝑇𝐻 = 𝑥100%
2728.6 𝒌𝑱
𝒉𝟑 = 𝟑𝟏𝟏𝟔. 𝟏
𝑞𝑜𝑢𝑡 = ℎ4 − ℎ1 𝒌𝒈
𝒏𝑻𝑯 = 𝟐𝟔%
𝑞𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 2403.0 − 384.44 𝒌𝑱
𝒌𝑱 𝒉𝟒 = 𝟐𝟒𝟎𝟑. 𝟎
𝒌𝒈
𝒒𝒐𝒖𝒕 = 𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟖. 𝟔
𝒌𝒈

𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 2728.6 − 2018.6


𝒌𝑱
𝑾𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 𝟕𝟏𝟎
𝒌𝒈
❖ Work Net
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑄𝑖𝑛 − 𝑄𝑜𝑢𝑡

𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑊𝑇 − 𝑊𝑃

❖ Work pump (Pump)


𝑤𝑃 = ℎ2 − ℎ1 = 𝜐1 (𝑃2 − 𝑃1 )

𝑊𝑃 = 𝑚ሶ ℎ𝟐 − ℎ1 = 𝑚𝜐1 (𝑃2 − 𝑃1 )

❖ Work turbine (Turbine)


𝑤𝑇 = ℎ3 − ℎ4

𝑊𝑇 = 𝑚ሶ ℎ3 − ℎ4
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝒌𝑱
𝑛 𝑇𝐻 = 𝒉𝟏 = 𝟑𝟖𝟒. 𝟒𝟒
𝑤𝑃 = ℎ2 − ℎ1 = 𝜐1 𝑃2 − 𝑃1 𝑄𝑖𝑛 𝒌𝒈
𝑤𝑃 = 387.47 − 384.44 𝒌𝑱
𝒌𝑱 710.07 𝒉𝟐 = 𝟑𝟖𝟕. 𝟒𝟕
𝒌𝒈
𝒘𝑷 = 𝟑. 𝟎𝟑 𝑛 𝑇𝐻 = 𝑥100%
𝒌𝒈 2728.6 𝒌𝑱
𝒉𝟑 = 𝟑𝟏𝟏𝟔. 𝟏
𝒌𝒈
𝑤𝑇 = ℎ3 − ℎ4 𝒏𝑻𝑯 = 𝟐𝟔%
𝑤𝑇 = 3116.1 − 2403.0 𝒌𝑱
𝒉𝟒 = 𝟐𝟒𝟎𝟑. 𝟎
𝒌𝑱 𝒌𝒈
𝒘𝑻 = 𝟕𝟏𝟑. 𝟏
𝒌𝒈

𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 713.1 − 3.03


𝒌𝑱
𝑾𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 𝟕𝟏𝟎. 𝟎𝟕
𝒌𝒈
❖ Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach 8th Ed.
by Cengel & Boles

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