22 Field and Target Rifles Michigan State University
22 Field and Target Rifles Michigan State University
22 Field and Target Rifles Michigan State University
Rifle Projects
.22 Field Rifle
.22 Target Rifle
CONTACT: Lori Warchuck Developed by:
4‐H Program Coordinator St. Clair County
St. Clair County MSU Extension 4‐H Shooting Sports Committee
200 Grand River Avenue Suite 102
Port Huron MI 48060
(810) 989‐6935
MSU is an affirmative-action, equal-opportunity employer. Michigan State University Extension programs and materials are open to all
without regard to race, color, national origin, gender, gender identity, religion, age, height, weight, disability, political beliefs, sexual
orientation, marital status, family status or veteran status. Accommodations for persons with disabilities may be requested three days
before the event by calling to make the arrangements, requests received after three days will be met when possible.
4‐H Basic Rifle Orientation
.22 Field and Target Rifle
Name: _____________________________
4‐H Basic Rifle Orientation
.22 Field and Target Rifle
Range Officer – is the person responsible for seeing the range is operated safely and for the safety of
all participants/individuals.
Range Commands – are instructions given by the range officer to control those on the firing line, the
sequence of events and to inform the shooters what they are to do next. These commands may vary
slightly depending on the range officer and the type of shooting that is being done.
Key Range Commands:
Commence Firing, means that the range officer has determined that the range is safe and you may
begin firing.
Cease Firing, means that you MUST STOP firing immediately, put your safety on and wait for the next
command on what to do next. In some cases you will be instructed to unload your gun; this will be
determined by the range officer on duty.
5 SHOOTING FUNDAMENTALS:
1. Position of body and body with Rifle
2. Sight alignment
3. Breath control
4. Trigger control
5. Follow through
4 STEPS TO LEARNING A NEW POSITION:
1. Study the position
2. Practice the position without the rifle
3. Practice the position with an unloaded rifle
4. Align the position with the target and adjust to natural point of aim
Parts of the Rifle
3 Major Parts:
1. Action (Lock)
2. Stock
3. Barrel
Parts of Stock:
Butt ‐ the rear portion of the stock which is designed to fit against the shoulder
Comb – the top portion of the stock, on which the shooter rests his cheek.
Grip – (also called the “Pistol Grip” or “Small of stock”) – the area where the hand grasps the
stock when firing the rifle.
Fore‐end (or “forearm”) – the part of the stock that extends underneath the barrel. This is where
the non‐shooting hand holds the rifle to support it while shooting. When separate from the rear
of the stock, it is called the “forearm”.
Parts of the Barrel:
Bore – the inside of the barrel
Muzzle – the front end of the barrel where the bullet exits
Sights – used to aim the rifle: Front sight=located on the muzzle end of the barrel; Rear
sight=sight that is most near you.
Breech – the rear of the barrel (near the chamber)
Chamber – the part of the barrel, located at the breech end, which holds the cartridge at instant
of firing.
Rifling – Composed of spiral “lands and grooves” cut into the bore. The rifling makes the bullet
spin to give it stability.
Parts of Action:
Receiver – the backbone to which all other parts are attached.
Bolt/Breech block – closes over the chamber to hold the cartridge in place for firing.
Trigger – when squeezed, activates the firing mechanism to fire the rifle
Trigger guard – designed to protect the trigger in order to reduce the possibility of an unintentional
firing.
Magazine – holds cartridges ready for feeding into the chamber
Safety – a mechanical device designed to reduce the chance of an unintentional discharge.
Mechanical devices can fail and must be used ONLY as a supplement to safe gun handling
practices!
Action Release – (if applicable) allows a closed action to be opened.
Bolt action rifle
Semi‐automatic rifle
Lever action rifle
Break action rifle
.22 Rifle Supplies
Supplies you will need now include::
Shooter log notebook
A container to keep rifle equipment in; small tackle box works well.
Safety glasses
Hearing protection
Ammunition block
Ground cloth or shooting mat (for outdoor practices)
Pencil
Optional – Binoculars or Spotting scope
Kneeling roll
Shooting Stand
When it is time to get your own equipment add:
Your own rifle
Rifle case
Ammunition – transport separate from your rifle.
NOTE: It is illegal to transport your ammo in the same case you transport your rifle.
Screw driver to adjust sights
Open chamber indicator (can easily make)
.22 caliber cleaning rod
Cleaning supplies (cotton patches, cotton cloth, oil, solvent, toothbrush)
Talk to leaders before purchasing your own rifle so that you will not be disappointed. There are
requirements that your equipment must meet in order to enter 4‐H Competition
TRANSPORT – all shooting equipment (firearms) in cases, unloaded and in the trunk; or furthest point
away from passengers if you do not have a trunk. Ammunition is to be in a separate container, NOT
stored with firearms.
Safety Rules
YOU alone are responsible for gun safety!
10 NRA Safe Gun Handling Rules
RULES FOR SAFE GUN HANDLING
1. Always keep the gun pointed in a safe direction. (NOTE: This rule is considered the “GOLDEN
RULE”.)
2. Always keep the gun unloaded until ready to use.
3. Always keep your finger off the trigger until ready to shoot.
RULES FOR SAFE RIFLE USE AND STORAGE
1. Know your target and what is beyond.
2. Know how to safely use the gun.
3. Be sure the gun is safe to operate.
4. Use only the correct ammunition for your gun.
5. Wear eye and ear protection as appropriate.
6. Never use alcohol or drugs before or while shooting.
7. Store guns so they are not accessible to unauthorized persons.
Be aware that certain types of guns and many shooting activities require additional safety
precautions not listed above.
The first thing you should do when arriving at a new shooting
range is to learn the range rules for that range.
ASK = Attitude * Skill * Knowledge
It is important to have the proper ATTITUDE, develop the SKILLS and acquire the necessary
KNOWLEDGE to be a safe shooter. Each shooter must be in control of his/her emotions and actions
at all times.
St. Clair County 4‐H Shooting Sports Guidelines
Use 4‐H Shooting Sports Rifle Manual as a guide to teach requirements
RIFLE KNOWLEDGE REQUIREMENTS
Ages 9 through 11 Ages 12 through 19
Safe Gun Handling Rules Memorize 3 “Always” Rules. Memorize all 10 NRA Safe Gun Handling Rules and
be able to explain the importance of each.
Parts of the Rifle Know: (Be able to point out) Know all parts previously listed and their function.
Stock Trigger ADD:
Butt Trigger guard Chamber
Fore‐end Rear sight Bolt/breech block
Comb Front sight Rifling
Grip Barrel Receiver
Safety (mechanical device) Muzzle Magazine
Bolt and/or Lever, depending on gun used
Types of Rifle Actions Introduce types of actions they will be using – Know all action types and their function.
Bolt, semi‐auto, lever and break action
Ammunition Basics Know how they can be sure they are using the Know how they can be sure they are using the
correct ammo & how to handle a misfire. correct ammo in all types of guns.
Check correct ammunition: Malfunctions: Know the components of a .22 caliber ammunition
Box, barrel and label Hang fire (casing, primer, powder, bullet)
on ammo Misfire Know the firing sequence.
Know how to safely handle a hang fire & misfire.
Types of Sights Introduce all types of sights Know all types of sights and their uses.
and their uses.
Dominate Eye Know how to determine their dominate eye Know how to determine, what their dominate eye
and what their dominate eye is R or L is and why it is important to use it
Introduce why they use their dominate eye
Safe Gun Handling Show they can confidently handle rifle in a safe Continue
Practical Exercise manner at all times; using the proper attitude.
Transporting Firearms Know and demonstrate they can properly Continue
transport firearms safely
SHOOTING FUNDAMENTAL REQUIREMENTS
Range Safety Rules Know importance of eye & ear protection Continue
Basic Range Commands Know Terms and who can call them Continue
“Cease Fire” and “Commence Firing”
Demonstrate that they can follow them.
Sight Alignment & Introduce on bench rest. Continue developing
Trigger Control Shooting for groups/clusters
Sight Picture & Introduce on bench rest. Continue developing
Breath Control Shooting for groups/clusters
Sight Adjustment Introduce shooting for groups and the basics Know how to adjust sights to zero to their eye.
or zeroing sights to their eye.
Shooter’s Log Learn how to keep and the importance of Continue developing.
using a shooters log.
Self‐Control Learn and demonstrate the proper knowledge, Continue developing
skills & attitude required to be a safe shooter.
POSITIONS
Bench Rest Position Shooting for groups/clusters
Standing Position Shooting for groups/clusters
Sitting Position Shooting for groups/clusters
Kneeling Position Shooting for groups/clusters
Prone Position Shooting for groups/clusters
St. Clair County 4‐H Shooting Sports
Annual Rifle Project Participation Form
Shooter’s Name: 4‐H Age ____ Beg. Jr. Sr.
4‐H Club Name: Date Started Course:
Certified Rifle Instructor’s Name: Phone:
Equipment Used:
Verification
Shooting Fundamental Completion Shooter’s Instructor’s
Requirements Date Initials Initials Comments
Range Safety Rules
(Eye and ear protection)
Basic Range Commands
(Used to control range)
Sight Alignment and
Trigger Control
Sight Picture and
Breath Control
Sight Adjustment
Positions:
Bench Rest
Standing
Sitting
Kneeling
Prone
Self‐Control
Shooting Fundamentals Certified 4‐H Shooting Sports Instructor Signature:
Verification
This form must be completed and signed by a Michigan 4‐H Shooting Sports “Certified Rifle Instructor”. The
instructor must be registered with the St. Clair County 4‐H Office. Completed forms must be presented to fair
registrar each year.
By signing this form the instructor is verifying that the above named shooter has successfully completed the “4‐H
Basic Rifle Course” as outline in the National 4‐H Shooting Sports Curriculum and the training provided has been in
compliance with the Michigan 4‐H Shooting Sports Program “Safety Practices and Policies” document.