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Lagrange's Interpolation Formula: A B y X

Numerical analysis

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111 views5 pages

Lagrange's Interpolation Formula: A B y X

Numerical analysis

Uploaded by

Owen Mulo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INTERPOLATION AND EXTRAPOLATION

Interpolation is the process of estimating a value of a function that


lies within a given data interval, while extrapolation is the process
of estimating a value of a function that outside a given data
interval.
Suppose for f(x) the interval is (a,b),

a b y
x

To find;
i. x is to interpolate
ii. y is to extrapolate
There are several methods of interpolation/extrapolation
a. Lagrange interpolation
b. Finite difference interpolation

Lagrange’s interpolation formula


The Newton’s forward and backward interpolation formulae can be used only
when the values of x are at equidistant. If the values of x are at equidistant or not at
equidistant, we use Lagrange’s interpolation formula.

Let y = f( x) be a function such that f ( x) takes the values y  , y  , y  ,.......,


0 1 2

y  corresponding to x= x  , x , x  ..., x  That is y  = f(x ),i = 0,1,2,...,n . Now, there are


n 0 1 2 n i i

(n + 1) paired values (x , y ),i = 0, 1, 2, ..., n and hence f ( x) can be represented by a


i i

polynomial function of degree n in x.


Then the Lagrange’s formula is

1. Linear Lagrange interpolation polynomial

We use LL when provided with only two data points

 x0 , y0  and  x1 , y1 

y  f  x 
 x  x1  y0 
 x  x0  y1
 x0  x1   x1  x0 
EXC
Find the Linear Lagrange interpolation polynomial for the data points
stated below. Also use your polynomial to interpolate
or extrapolate for the stated values.
i.  2, 3 ,  3, 1 .Find y for x  2.3, x  5
ii.  6,3 ,  8,1 .Find y for x  2, x  4

Solution
i. y  4 x  11
2. Quadratic Lagrange interpolation formula

We use QL when provided with only three data points

 x0 , y0  ,  x1 , y1  and  x2 , y2 
y  f  x 
 x  x1   x  x2  y0 
 x  x0   x  x2  y1 
 x  x0   x  x1  y2
 x0  x1   x0  x2   x1  x0   x1  x2   x2  x0   x2  x1 
EXC
Find the Quadratic Lagrangeinterpolation polynomial for the data points
stated below. Also use your polynomial to interpolate
or extrapolate for the stated values.
i.  2,3 ,  3, 1 ,  2,3  .Find y for x  3, x  7
ii.  6,3 ,  8, 1  0,3  .Find y for x  5, x  1

Solution
4 2 31
i. y  x   0.8x 2  6.2
5 5
y  3  1, y  7   33

3. Cubic Lagrange interpolation formula

We use CL when provided with only four data points

 x0 , y0  ,  x1 , y1  ,  x2 , y2  and  x3 , y3 
y  f  x 
 x  x1   x  x2   x0  x3  y   x  x0   x  x2   x  x3  y
 x0  x1   x0  x2   x0  x3  0  x1  x0   x1  x2   x1  x3  1

 x  x0   x  x1   x  x3  y   x  x0   x  x1   x  x2  y
 x2  x0   x2  x1   x2  x3  2  x3  x0   x3  x1   x3  x2  3
EXC
Find the Cubic Lagrange interpolation polynomial for the data points
stated below. Also use your polynomial to interpolate
or extrapolate for the stated values.
i.  2,3 ,  1,1 ,  3, 1 ,  2,3  .Find y for x  3, x  7
ii.  6,3 ,  2,3 ,  8, 1  0,3  .Find y for x  5, x  1
Example 5.22

Using Lagrange’s interpolation formula find y(10) from the following table:

Solution:

Here the intervals are unequal. By Lagrange’s interpolation formula we have


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Finite Differences operators: Finding the missing terms
Exercise 5.1: Finite Differences
Interpolation
Methods of interpolation
Graphical and Algebraic method of Interpolation: Solved Example Problems
Exercise 5.2: Interpolation
Choose the correct Answer
Miscellaneous Problems
Summary
Introduction
Random variable
Definition and Types of Random Variable

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