General Physics I
General Physics I
General Physics I
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Criteria and 5 4 3 1 0
Rating
Physics Appropriate Appropriate Appropriate At least one No identified
Concepts concepts are concepts are concepts are concept concept.
clearly stated and clearly stated but identified but not identified but not
employed employed with employed. employed.
correctly. errors.
Math Concepts All mathematical All mathematical The mathematical Identifies at Incorrect
steps are clearly steps are shown steps are hard to least one equations.
shown and they with minor errors. follow. equation but
flow easily unable to apply
towards the them.
correct answer.
Answer Correct answer Correct answer Incorrect answer Incorrect No answer
analytically but but on the right answer.
not numerically. path.
Module 2
INTRODUCTION
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
1. Differentiate vector and scalar quantities (STEM_GP12V-Ia-8);
2. Perform addition of vectors (STEM_GP12V-Ia-9);
3. Rewrite a vector in component form (STEM_GP12V-Ia-10).
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Consider figure 1. What do you think is the difference between the
following statemets?
a. Typhoon Jolina with a maximum wind of 150km/h made its
landfall.
b. Typhoon Jolina with a maximum wind of 150km/h made its landfall
in Southern Luzon.
Obviously, the latter statement provides information regarding the strength
of typhoon Jolina and its direction, compared to the former statement that
does not include the direction of the typhoon. The physical quantity that
provides for the magnitude is called a scalar quantity which in this case is
illustrated by the first statement. On the other hand, a vector quantity
provides for the magnitude and the direction as illustrated by the second
statement.
This module differentiates a scalar from a vector quantitiy. It also enable you to perform addition
of vector quantities using the graphical and analytical methods.
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DEVELOPMENT
LESSON 1: Scalar and Vector Quantities
Graphically, an arrow, , represents a vector, where in, the arrow head represents the
destination of the vector quantity while the tail represents the origin. The magnitude of a vector is always
positive as represented by A
Figure 3 shows that physical quantities are manipulated mathematically, that is, vector quantities can
be added or subtracted just like scalar quantities. In doing so, the magnitude of a vector quantity should
be taken into consideration. Thus, there is a need to be familiar with the different primary and secondary
directions.
Figure 3. Difference of scalar and vector quantities
3. A = 5m, 100 South of West. The magnitude is 5m and the direction of the A is 10 0 from West to
South.
LESSON 2: Vector Components
The vector components of A are Ax and Ay which are graphically represented as,
or
With the latter figure, it is observed that the components of the vector form a right triangle, thus, the
magnitudes of Ax and Ay can be determined using trigonometric functions. For the example above, we let
A be the hypotenuse of the triangle formed while A x is the adjacent side of the angle, 300, and Ay be
opposite of the angle. Thus,
Ax = 10 cos 300
Ay = 10 sin 300
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LESSON 3: Addition of Vectors
The general equation in adding vectors is R = A + B, where R is the sum or the resultant vector.
It follows the commutative property of addition where in, A + B = B + A. Vectors can also be subtracted.
In subtracting vectors, the anti-parallel of the vector is considered, then proceed to vector addition, such
as, R = A – B is also equal to R = A + (- B) where in – B is the anti-parallel of B. For example,
If the angle, say, θ, is not known but the vector components are given, the direction (θ) of the
vector can be determined through,
If the magnitude of the vector is not known but the magnitudes of its components are determined,
the Pythagorean theorem is used.
Example: Let us consider the same example above to compare the resultant vector.
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ENGAGEMENT
Activity 6: Provide for what are asked.
1. What are the vector components of the following: Round off your answer to two decimal numbers.
a. G = 10m, 1500
b. L = 10m, 900
c. A = 10m, 3600
d. D = 10m, 360 N of W
2. Draw the graphical representations of the vectors in number 1. Use the scale 10m = 1mm.