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Hybrid Systems

A hybrid system combines two or more intelligent technologies like fuzzy logic, neural networks, genetic algorithms, and reinforcement learning. This allows hybrid systems to have extended capabilities and reason/learn in uncertain environments. There are three main types of hybrid systems: neuro-fuzzy systems which train fuzzy systems using neural networks; neuro-genetic systems which use genetic algorithms to optimize neural network parameters; and fuzzy-genetic systems which use genetic algorithms to generate fuzzy rule bases and membership functions.

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1K views5 pages

Hybrid Systems

A hybrid system combines two or more intelligent technologies like fuzzy logic, neural networks, genetic algorithms, and reinforcement learning. This allows hybrid systems to have extended capabilities and reason/learn in uncertain environments. There are three main types of hybrid systems: neuro-fuzzy systems which train fuzzy systems using neural networks; neuro-genetic systems which use genetic algorithms to optimize neural network parameters; and fuzzy-genetic systems which use genetic algorithms to generate fuzzy rule bases and membership functions.

Uploaded by

jyoti singh
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© © All Rights Reserved
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HYBRID SYSTEMS

Hybrid systems: A Hybrid system is an intelligent system which is framed by


combining atleast two intelligent technologies like Fuzzy Logic, Neural networks,
Genetic algorithm, reinforcement Learning, etc. The combination of different techniques
in one computational model make these systems possess an extended range of
capabilities. These systems are capable of reasoning and learning in an uncertain and
imprecise environment. These systems can provide human-like expertise like domain
knowledge, adaptation in noisy environment etc.

Types of Hybrid Systems:

 Neuro Fuzzy Hybrid systems


 Neuro Genetic Hybrid systems
 Fuzzy Genetic Hybrid systems

(A) Neuro Fuzzy Hybrid systems:


Neuro fuzzy system is based on fuzzy system which is trained on the basis of working
of neural network theory. The learning process operates only on the local information
and causes only local changes in the underlying fuzzy system. A neuro-fuzzy system
can be seen as a 3-layer feedforward neural network. The first layer represents input
variables, the middle (hidden) layer represents fuzzy rules and the third layer represents
output variables. Fuzzy sets are encoded as connection weights within the layers of the
network, which provides functionality in processing and training the model.

Working flow:
 In input layer, each neuron transmits external crisp signals directly to the next
layer.
 Each fuzzification neuron receives a crisp input and determines the degree to
which the input belongs to input fuzzy set.
 Fuzzy rule layer receives neurons that represent fuzzy sets.
 An output neuron, combines all inputs using fuzzy operation UNION.
 Each defuzzification neuron represents single output of neuro-fuzzy system.
Advantages:
 It can handle numeric, linguistic, logic, etc kind of information.
 It can manage imprecise, partial, vague or imperfect information.
 It can resolve conflicts by collaboration and aggregation.
 It has self-learning, self-organizing and self-tuning capabilities.
 It can mimic human decision-making process.
Disadvantages:
 Hard to develop a model from a fuzzy system
 Problems of finding suitable membership values for fuzzy systems
 Neural networks cannot be used if training data is not available.
Applications:
 Student Modelling
 Medical systems
 Traffic control systems
 Forecasting and predictions

(B) Neuro Genetic Hybrid systems:


 A Neuro Genetic hybrid system is a system that combines Neural networks:
which are capable to learn various tasks from examples, classify objects and
establish relation between them and Genetic algorithm: which serves important
search and optimization techniques. Genetic algorithms can be used to improve
the performance of Neural Networks and they can be used to decide the
connection weights of the inputs. These algorithms can also be used for topology
selection and training network.
Working Flow:
 GA repeatedly modifies a population of individual solutions. GA uses three main
types of rules at each step to create the next generation from the current
population:
1. Selection to select the individuals, called parents, that contribute to the population
at the next generation
2. Crossover to combine two parents to form children for the next generation
3. Mutation to apply random changes to individual parents in order to form children
 GA then sends the new child generation to ANN model as new input parameter.
 Finally, calculating of the fitness by developed ANN model is performed.
Advantages:
 GA is used for topology optimization i.e to select number of hidden layers, number
of hidden nodes and interconnection pattern for ANN.
 In GAs, the learning of ANN is formulated as a weight optimization problem,
usually using the inverse mean squared error as a fitness measure.
 Control parameters such as learning rate, momentum rate, tolerance level, etc are
also optimized using GA.
 It can mimic human decision-making process.
Disadvantages:
 Highly complex system.
 Accuracy of the system is dependent on the initial population.
 Maintaintainance costs are very high.
Applications:
 Face recognition
 DNA matching
 Animal and human research
 Behavioral system
(C) Fuzzy Genetic Hybrid systems:
A Fuzzy Genetic Hybrid System is developed to use fuzzy logic based techniques for
improving and modelling Genetic algorithms and vice-versa. Genetic algorithm has
proved to be a robust and efficient tool to perform tasks like generation of fuzzy rule
base, generation of membership function etc.
Three approaches that can be used to develop such system are:
 Michigan Approach
 Pittsburgh Approach
 IRL Approach

Working Flow:
 Start with an initial population of solutions that represent first generation.
 Feed each chromosome from the population into the Fuzzy logic controller and
compute performance index.
 Create new generation using evolution operators till some condition is met.
Advantages:
 GAs are used to develop the best set of rules to be used by a fuzzy inference
engine
 GAs are used to optimize the choice of membership functions.
 A Fuzzy GA is a directed random search over all discrete fuzzy subsets.
 It can mimic human decision-making process.
Disadvantages:
 Interpretation of results is difficult.
 Difficult to build membership values and rules.
 Takes lots of time to converge.
Applications:
 Mechanical Engineering
 Electrical Engine
 Artificial Intelligence
 Economics

Reference:
(1)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_intelligent_system
(2)Principles of Soft Computing
(3) https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/introduction-ann-artificial-neural-networks-set-3-hybrid-systems/

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