Scribd
Upload
32 views

Analog Transmission: Digital-to-Analog Conversion

This document discusses analog transmission of digital data and different modulation techniques. It describes how digital data is converted to analog signals through digital-to-analog conversion using amplitude shift keying, frequency shift keying, and phase shift keying. It also discusses analog-to-analog conversion where analog signals are modified to represent other analog data through amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, and phase modulation.

Uploaded by

Knight Kim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
32 views

Analog Transmission: Digital-to-Analog Conversion

This document discusses analog transmission of digital data and different modulation techniques. It describes how digital data is converted to analog signals through digital-to-analog conversion using amplitude shift keying, frequency shift keying, and phase shift keying. It also discusses analog-to-analog conversion where analog signals are modified to represent other analog data through amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, and phase modulation.

Uploaded by

Knight Kim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

Module- 7

Computer Networking -1
IT-15

Analog Transmission
To send the digital data over an analog media, it needs to be converted into analog signal.There
can be two cases according to data formatting.
Bandpass:The filters are used to filter and pass frequencies of interest. A bandpass is a band of
frequencies which can pass the filter.
Low-pass: Low-pass is a filter that passes low frequencies signals.
When digital data is converted into a bandpass analog signal, it is called digital-to-analog
conversion. When low-pass analog signal is converted into bandpass analog signal, it is called
analog-to-analog conversion.

Digital-to-Analog Conversion
When data from one computer is sent to another via some analog carrier, it is first converted
into analog signals. Analog signals are modified to reflect digital data.
An analog signal is characterized by its amplitude, frequency, and phase. There are three kinds
of digital-to-analog conversions:
 Amplitude Shift Keying
In this conversion technique, the amplitude of analog carrier signal is modified to reflect
binary data.
When binary data represents digit 1, the amplitude is held; otherwise it is set to 0. Both
frequency and phase remain same as in the original carrier signal.
 Frequency Shift Keying
In this conversion technique, the frequency of the analog carrier signal is modified to
reflect binary data.

This technique uses two frequencies, f1 and f2. One of them, for example f1, is chosen
to represent binary digit 1 and the other one is used to represent binary digit 0. Both
amplitude and phase of the carrier wave are kept intact.
 Phase Shift Keying
In this conversion scheme, the phase of the original carrier signal is altered to reflect the
binary data.
When a new binary symbol is encountered, the phase of the signal is altered. Amplitude
and frequency of the original carrier signal is kept intact.
 Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
QPSK alters the phase to reflect two binary digits at once. This is done in two different
phases. The main stream of binary data is divided equally into two sub-streams. The
serial data is converted in to parallel in both sub-streams and then each stream is
converted to digital signal using NRZ technique. Later, both the digital signals are
merged together.

Analog-to-Analog Conversion
Analog signals are modified to represent analog data. This conversion is also known as Analog
Modulation. Analog modulation is required when bandpass is used. Analog to analog
conversion can be done in three ways:

 Amplitude Modulation
In this modulation, the amplitude of the carrier signal is modified to reflect the analog
data.
Amplitude modulation is implemented by means of a multiplier. The amplitude of
modulating signal (analog data) is multiplied by the amplitude of carrier frequency,
which then reflects analog data.
The frequency and phase of carrier signal remain unchanged.
 Frequency Modulation
In this modulation technique, the frequency of the carrier signal is modified to reflect the
change in the voltage levels of the modulating signal (analog data).
The amplitude and phase of the carrier signal are not altered.
 Phase Modulation
In the modulation technique, the phase of carrier signal is modulated in order to reflect
the change in voltage (amplitude) of analog data signal.
Phase modulation is practically similar to Frequency Modulation, but in Phase
modulation frequency of the carrier signal is not increased. Frequency of carrier is signal
is changed (made dense and sparse) to reflect voltage change in the amplitude of
modulating signal.

You might also like