JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL

RATIONAL ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS

Module 5: Operations on Rational Algebraic Expressions

MATHEMATICS 8
DEXTER CARPIO
 MODULE 5 | WEEK 5: SEPTEMBER 21-25, 2020
Operations on Rational Algebraic Expressions

A. Performs operations on rational algebraic expressions.

B. Solves problems involving rational algebraic expressions.

OBJECTIVES
1. I can perform operations on rational algebraic expressions.
2. I can solve problems involving rational algebraic expressions.

Operations on Rational Algebraic Expressions

MATERIALS
Device Writing materials Schoology Account

In this module, partner parent is expected to the following:

a) Check if the student has started and finished answering the module.
b) Participate in the student’s work if necessary and possible.
c) Contact the subject teacher if needed for any clarification.

1 2 3
CHECK YOUR CONCEPTS AND
OBSERVE ME
UNDERSTANDING EXAMPLES
(5 minutes)
(5 minutes) (40 minutes)
4 5 6
STATE ME! VALUING ASSESSMENT
(10 minutes) (10 minutes) (10 minutes)

Let us start our journey by asking the guidance of the Holy Spirit through the prayer to Saint Roch. Remember
that we are in the presence of the Lord Almighty.

PRAYER TO SAINT ROCH

() In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit. Amen

O Blessed St Roch, Patron of the sick, have pity on those who lie upon a bed of suffering.
Your power was so great when you were in this world, that by the sign of the Cross, many were
healed of their diseases.
 Now that you are in heaven, your power is no less. Offer to God our sighs and tears and obtain
for us the physical and spiritual health we seek:

(Share your request…)

This we ask through Jesus Christ our Lord.

Amen.

INTRODUCTION
In the previous lesson, you learned that a rational algebraic expression is a ratio of two polynomials
where the denominator is not equal to zero. In this lesson, you will be able to perform operations on rational
algebraic expressions. Before moving to the new lesson, let’s review the concepts that you have learned that
are essential to this lesson by answering the activity in ENGAGE.

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Directions: Perform the indicated operations. Simplify your answers in lowest term.

3 5 7 2
1. + 5. x
10 10 9 3
2 1 1 8
2. + 6. x
3 4 11 4
10 4 6 2
3. – 7. ÷
12 12 10 5
2 1 2 1
4. – 8. ÷
4 5 14 6

FINDING AREA
Direction: Observe and find the area of the figure below.
𝟐
km
𝟑

𝟏
km
𝟑
PROCESSING QUESTION:

How did you get the area of the given figure? What process did you use?
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CONCEPTS AND EXAMPLES

MULTIPLICATION OF R.A.E.
Multiplication of Rational
Examples:
Algebraic Expressions
3𝑥 𝑥 𝟑𝒙𝟐 If P, Q, R, and S are
1.  = polynomials, Q ≠ 0 and S ≠
7 2 𝟏𝟒
0, then
10𝑚3 3 30𝑚3 𝟐 𝑃 𝑅 𝑃𝑅
2.  = = 5𝒎  =
6 𝑚 6𝑚 𝑄 𝑆 𝑄𝑆

8𝑚4 𝑛5 8𝑚4 𝑛5 𝟑
3.  = = 4𝒏
2𝑛2 𝑚4 2𝑚4 𝑛2
12𝑥 8 3𝑦 10 36𝑥 8 𝑦 10 𝟒𝒙𝟖 𝒚𝟔
4.  = =
9𝑦 4 5 45𝑦 4 𝟓
𝑥+4 𝑥−5 𝒙− 𝟓
5.  =
8 𝑥+ 4 𝟖
𝑥2 − 4 3 (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 −2) 3 𝟑
6.  =  =
10(𝑥 − 2) 𝑥 + 2 10(𝑥 − 2) 𝑥+ 2 𝟏𝟎

You can use cancellation method to easily simplify the expression. In simplifying,
use the concept of the product and quotient law.
DIVISION OF R.A.E.
Division of Rational
Examples:
Algebraic Expressions
5𝑥 2 𝑥 5𝑥 2 7𝑦 35𝑥 2 𝑦 𝟓𝒙 If P, Q, R, and S are
1. ÷ =  = =
14𝑦 7𝑦 14𝑦 𝑥 14𝑥𝑦 𝟐 polynomial expressions, Q ≠
0, R ≠ 0, and S ≠ 0, then
2𝑎3 𝑏 4𝑎2 2𝑎3 𝑏 10𝑐 2 20𝑎3 𝑏𝑐 2 𝒂𝒄 𝑃 𝑅 𝑃 𝑆 𝑃𝑆
2. ÷ =  = = ÷ =  =
5𝑏2 𝑐 10𝑐 2 5𝑏2 𝑐 4𝑎2 20𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐 𝒃 𝑄 𝑆 𝑄 𝑅 𝑄𝑅

6𝑥 8 𝑦 9 𝑚4 6𝑥 8 𝑦 9 8𝑛4 48𝑛4 𝑥 8 𝑦 9 𝟒𝟖𝒏𝟒

3. ÷ =  = =
7𝑥 3 𝑦 5 8𝑛4 7𝑥 8 𝑦 9 𝑚4 7𝑚4 𝑥 8 𝑦 9 𝟕𝒎𝟒
(𝑦 + 3)(𝑦 + 4) (𝑦 − 3)(𝑦 + 3) (𝑦 + 3)(𝑦 + 4) (𝑦 − 3)(𝑦 + 2)
4. ÷ = 
(𝑥 + 2)(𝑦 + 2) (𝑦 + 1)(𝑦 + 2) (𝑥 + 2)(𝑦 + 2) (𝑦 − 3)(𝑦 + 3)
𝒚+ 𝟒
=
𝒙+ 𝟐

ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION OF R.A.E.

WITH SAME DENOMINATORS
Examples:
Adding and Subtracting Rational
3 2 3+2 𝟓 Expressions with the Same
1. + = = Denominators
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝒙
If P, Q, and R are polynomials,
3 2 3−2 𝟏
2. − = = where, then
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝒙 𝑃 𝑅 𝑃+𝑅
+ =
2𝑎 4𝑎 2𝑎 + 4𝑎 𝟔𝒂 𝑄 𝑄 𝑄
3. + = =
𝑥+5 𝑥+ 5 𝑥+ 5 𝒙+ 𝟓 𝑃 𝑅 𝑃− 𝑅
− =
5𝑥 + 8𝑦 4𝑥 + 2𝑦 5𝑥−4𝑥+ 8𝑦−2𝑦 𝑄 𝑄 𝑄
4. − =
2𝑥𝑦 2𝑥𝑦 2𝑥𝑦
𝒙 + 𝟔𝒚
=
𝟐𝒙𝒚
ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION OF R.A.E.
WITH DIFFERENT DENOMINATORS
Recall that a sum or difference of two rational expressions can be expressed as a single term if
their denominators are the same. Thus, to add or subtract rational expressions with different
denominators, you have to transform the expressions into their equivalent forms and come up with
two expressions with the same denominator. For convenience, the LCD is used as the denominator of
both rational expressions.

Examples:

𝑥 2𝑥
1. +
3 4
Step 1: Determine the LCD.
The LCD of 3 and 4 is 12.

Step 2: Rewrite the rational expressions with the LCD as their denominator.

Step 3: Perform the indicated operation and simplify the result.

𝑥 2𝑥 4𝑥 6𝑥 10𝑥 𝟓𝒙
+ = + = =
3 4 12 12 12 𝟔

1 5𝑥
2. +
2𝑥 7
Step 1: Determine the LCD.

The LCD of 2x and 7 is 14x.

This time there’s a variable in the denominator. So, we multiply 2x by 7.

Step 2: Rewrite the rational expressions with the LCD as their denominator.

Step 3: Perform the indicated operation and simplify the result.

1 5𝑥 7 10𝑥 2 7 + 10𝑥 2 𝟏𝟎𝒙𝟐 + 𝟕

+ = + = =
2𝑥 7 14𝑥 14𝑥 14𝑥 𝟏𝟒𝒙

In this case, we cannot add 7 to 10𝑥 2 because they are different terms.
You need to copy and arrange the terms if necessary.
 9 3
3. −
8𝑚 5𝑚
Step 1: Determine the LCD.

The LCD of 8m and 5m is 40𝒎𝟐 .

Step 2: Rewrite the rational expressions with the LCD as their denominator.
Step 3: Perform the indicated operation and simplify the result.

9 3 45𝑚 24𝑚 21𝑚 𝟐𝟏

− = - = =
8𝑚 5𝑚 40𝑚2 40𝑚2 40𝑚2 𝟒𝟎𝒎

7𝑦 5𝑦
4. −
2𝑥 9
Step 1: Determine the LCD.

The LCD of 2x and 9 is 18x.

Step 2: Rewrite the rational expressions with the LCD as their denominator.
Step 3: Perform the indicated operation and simplify the result.

7𝑦 5𝑦 63𝑦 10𝑥𝑦 𝟔𝟑𝒚 − 𝟏𝟎𝒙𝒚

− = - =
2𝑥 9 18𝑥 18𝑥 𝟏𝟖𝒙

MATCH ME!
Direction: Perform the indicated operations in set A. Then, match the answer to set B. Show your solutions.

A B
6𝑥 2 3𝑥 3
1.  a.
7 3𝑦 2𝑦 4
12𝑥 4𝑥 7
2. ÷ b.
5𝑦 2𝑦 8𝑦
13𝑥 8𝑥 2𝑥
3. + c.
24𝑥𝑦 24𝑥𝑦 7𝑦
 30𝑥 3 6𝑥 3 31
4. - d.
16𝑦 4 16𝑦 4 21𝑥
8 1 4𝑥
5. + e.
7𝑥 3𝑥 7𝑦
6
f.
5

VALUING
How do you keep being rational despite of the situation we are experiencing nowadays?

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ASSESSMENT
Direction: Read and analyze each statement and choose the letter of the best answer.

1 4
____ 1. What is the LCD of and ?
2𝑥 5𝑥
a. 10x b. 10𝑥 2 c. 20x d. 20𝑥 2

3𝑘 3 8𝑚
____ 2. Solve the product: 
6𝑚 𝑘
24𝑘 2 24𝑘 3 𝑚
a. 4𝑘 2 b. c. 4𝑘 2 𝑚2 d.
6 6𝑘𝑚
3 4
____ 3. If a number is added to the numerator and denominator of , the resulting fraction is . What is the
5 5
number?
a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 6
3𝑘 3 8𝑚
____ 4. Find the quotient: ÷
6𝑚 𝑘
24𝑘 3 𝑚 48𝑚 2 3𝑘 4 𝑘4
a. b. c. d.
6𝑘𝑚 3𝑘 4 48𝑚2 16𝑚2
 11𝑥 3𝑥
____ 5. What is + 2 ?
𝑦2 𝑦
14𝑥 14𝑥 14𝑥 2 14𝑥 2
a. b. c. d.
𝑦2 𝑦4 𝑦2 𝑦4
19𝑥 7𝑦
____ 6. Solve the difference: –
12𝑚 5 12𝑚5
12𝑥𝑦 19𝑥 − 7𝑦 𝑥𝑦 𝑥− 𝑦
a. b. c. d.
12𝑚5 12𝑚5 𝑚5 𝑚5
𝑚 8𝑚
____ 7. Find the sum: + .
2 5
21𝑚 9𝑚 21𝑚2 9𝑚2
a. b. c. d.
10 10 10 10

𝑥+ 1 𝑥+ 3
____ 8. The product of and is equal to ________.
𝑥+ 3 𝑥+ 1
𝑥2 + 4 2𝑥 + 4
a. b. 0 c. d. 1
𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 3 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 3

____ 9. Which rational expression is in simplest form?

6𝑦 2 2𝑦 3 5𝑥 4 9𝑥 5
a. b. c. d.
8𝑦 11 10 𝑥
1 1
____ 10. The LCD of the expressions and is _______.
𝑥+ 2 𝑥− 2
a. 2x – 4 b. 𝑥 2 + 4 c. 𝑥 2 – 4 d. 2x + 4

• Alagano, Robelyn F. (2015) Mathematics for the 21st Century Learner, DIWA
Learning Systems, Inc., Makati City
REFERENCES
• Orines, Fernando B. (2012) Next Century Mathematics, Phoenix Publishing House,
Inc., Quezon City
Teacher DEXTER CARPIO
Contact Number 0916-763-5085
Email Address [email protected]
Consultation Time During class schedule until 5PM