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Dyes

The document discusses different types of dyes used for coloring fabrics and other materials. It describes natural dyes extracted from plants like indigo and alizarin that produce blue and red colors. It also outlines several classes of synthetic dyes derived from coal tar or petroleum, including acid dyes, basic dyes, direct dyes, disperse dyes, and fibre reactive dyes used for cotton, silk, wool and synthetic fibers. The document also briefly mentions vat dyes that are insoluble until reduced and mordant dyes that bind to metal ions treated wool for dyeing.

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Ishit Mehta
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223 views2 pages

Dyes

The document discusses different types of dyes used for coloring fabrics and other materials. It describes natural dyes extracted from plants like indigo and alizarin that produce blue and red colors. It also outlines several classes of synthetic dyes derived from coal tar or petroleum, including acid dyes, basic dyes, direct dyes, disperse dyes, and fibre reactive dyes used for cotton, silk, wool and synthetic fibers. The document also briefly mentions vat dyes that are insoluble until reduced and mordant dyes that bind to metal ions treated wool for dyeing.

Uploaded by

Ishit Mehta
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Antimicrobials Pathogenic diseases, antibiotics,

bacteriostatic, bacteriocidal, penicillin,


ampicillin, amoxicillin, teracyllin, etc
Antifertility agents Oral contraceptives, norethindrone,
etylnylestradiol, mifepristone
Antihistamines Anti-allergic, cold, sneezing, skin allergy,
diphenhydramine, chlorphenramine,
promethazine
Antacids Extra acid from stomach, omeprazole,
lansoprazole, magnesium hydroxide,
aluminium hydroxide, aluminium sluphate,
carbonates, sodium bicarbonate, trisilicate
Dyes Coloured substances, solutions, dispersion
to a substrate, giving them a coloured
appearance, fast colour to the fabric, no
effect of soaps, detergents, bleaching on
such fast colours, food, paper, plastics,
spread throughout the matter dyed, no need
of reactive groups to form strong bond
Natural Dyes Indigo from indigo plant, hollow space of
branches, dark blue, alizarin, from plant,
red colour
Synthetic Dyes Prepared from aromatic compounds found
in coal tar of petroleum, congo red,
malachite green
Acid Dyes Sodium salts, reactive acidic functional
groups like sulphonic acid and carboxylic
acid, acidic conditions, wool, silk ,nylon,
fast colours, orange 1,2, methyl orange,
methyl red, congo red
Basic dyes Azo dyes, basic functional groups, amino,
substituted amino, give soluble salts in
water with acid, nylon, polyester, aniline
yellow, chrysodin G, malachite green
Direct dyes Water soluble, cotton, rayon, silk, wool,
nylon, h-bond, congo red, martius yello,
Disperse dyes Insoluble, diffuse into fabric, minute
particles of suspension, synthetic fribres
like polyester, nylon, polyacrylonitrile,
cellitone fast pink B, fast blue B
Fibre reactive dyes Reactive group of these dyes combine,
chemical bond, hydroxyl and amino group
of the fabric, fast colours to, cotton, silk,
wool, cyanuric acid, 2-3 derivatives, azo
dyes
Insolube Azo dyes Account for 60% dyes used, coupling,
napthols, phenols, aminonapthols,
arylamines, surface of fabric, diazonium
salt, do not give fast dying, polyester,
nylon, polyacrylonitrile, cellulose, silk,
leather, staining reagents in biology,
indicators in chemical analysis, cosmetics,
food, drugs, para red, methylene blue,
phenolphthalein,
Vat dyes Insoluble in water, natural indigo on
reduction, sodium hyposulphite(Na2S2O4),
colourless solution, leuco salt, taken into a
wooden vat, cotton or fabric is dipped into
it, on drying in air, oxidized by oxygen in
air, blue colour, indigo, indigosol O
Mordent dyes Used to dye wool, wool is dipped into
solution of metal ions, they bind to the
wool, mordant dye acting as a ligand
coordinates to the mtel ions, metal ion is
the mordent, alizarin, Al-pink, Ba-blue, Ca-
brown red, Sr-red, Mg-violet

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