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    Heart Failure

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    Trisha Vergara
    Heart failure occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It can be caused by conditions that damage the heart muscle such as hypertension, heart attack, and cardiomyopathy. The main symptoms of right-sided heart failure are swelling in the legs and abdomen due to fluid buildup. Left-sided heart failure causes fluid buildup in the lungs, known as pulmonary edema, which presents as crackling sounds when listening to the lungs. Treatment involves restricting sodium and fluid intake, elevating the head of the bed, and taking medications like ACE inhibitors, ARBs, beta blockers, diuretics, calcium channel blockers, and digoxin to reduce blood pressure, heart rate

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Heart Failure

    Uploaded by

    Trisha Vergara
    393 views1 page
    Heart failure occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It can be caused by conditions that damage the heart muscle such as hypertension, heart attack, and cardiomyopathy. The main symptoms of right-sided heart failure are swelling in the legs and abdomen due to fluid buildup. Left-sided heart failure causes fluid buildup in the lungs, known as pulmonary edema, which presents as crackling sounds when listening to the lungs. Treatment involves restricting sodium and fluid intake, elevating the head of the bed, and taking medications like ACE inhibitors, ARBs, beta blockers, diuretics, calcium channel blockers, and digoxin to reduce blood pressure, heart rate

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    Heart Failure

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    1. Heart Failure

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    Heart failure occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It can be caused by conditions that damage the heart muscle such as hypertension, heart attack, and cardiomyopathy. The main symptoms of right-sided heart failure are swelling in the legs and abdomen due to fluid buildup. Left-sided heart failure causes fluid buildup in the lungs, known as pulmonary edema, which presents as crackling sounds when listening to the lungs. Treatment involves restricting sodium and fluid intake, elevating the head of the bed, and taking medications like ACE inhibitors, ARBs, beta blockers, diuretics, calcium channel blockers, and digoxin to reduce blood pressure, heart rate

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    393 views1 page

    Heart Failure

    Uploaded by

    Trisha Vergara
    Heart failure occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It can be caused by conditions that damage the heart muscle such as hypertension, heart attack, and cardiomyopathy. The main symptoms of right-sided heart failure are swelling in the legs and abdomen due to fluid buildup. Left-sided heart failure causes fluid buildup in the lungs, known as pulmonary edema, which presents as crackling sounds when listening to the lungs. Treatment involves restricting sodium and fluid intake, elevating the head of the bed, and taking medications like ACE inhibitors, ARBs, beta blockers, diuretics, calcium channel blockers, and digoxin to reduce blood pressure, heart rate

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    of 1

    Heart Failure

    Patho Nursing Care


    HF–HEART FAILURE (failure to PUMP forward) DR. BEDS
    HF–HEAVY FLUID (lungs & body) D–Diet: Low SCC (Sodium, Calories, Cholesterol)
    Low Sodium & Fluid (2L + 2g or LESS/day)
    Memory Trick: NO OTC meds (Cough or Flu, Antacids
    or NSAIDS NCLEX TIP
    S–Sodium Swells NO Canned or packaged foods (chips, sauces, meats, cheeses,
    W–Weight Gain = Water Gain Crisis! wine)
    R–Risk for Falls! (Change positions slowly!)
    B–Blood Pressure & BNP (shoud NOT be increasing)
    Signs & Symptoms E–Elevate HOB & Legs (with pillows) high fowlers
    R–RIGHT sided HF L–LEFT sided HF D–Daily Weights and Is and Os (0ver 3 lbs/day or
    R–ROCKS the BODY with fluid L–LUNG fluid 5 lbs in 7 days) = Worsening! NCLEX TIP
    Peripheral Edema “Pulmonary Edema” S–Stairs (No sex until able to climb 2 flights of stairs
    Weight Gain = Water Gain Crackles “rales” that don't clear without dyspnea)
    Edema (pitting) with cough (NOT rhonchii or wheeze) S–Stocking (TED hose) (decreases blood pooling, remove daily)
    JVD (big neck veins) Frothy Pink “blood tinged” sputum
    Abdominal Growth orthopnea–dyspnea while lying flat NEVER massage calves (CHF patients) NCLEX TIP

    Ascites
    Hepatomegaly (big liver) Pharmacology
    Splenomegaly (big spleen)
    A–ACTS on BP only (not HR)
    Causes A–ACE (-pril) Lisinopril “chill pril” 1st choice
    R–RIGHT sided HF L–LEFT sided HF A–ARBS (-sartan) Losartan “relax man” 2nd choice
    Left sided HF can cause Right HF (weak heart = weak pump) A–Avoid Pregnancy
    MI (heart attack) A–Angioedema (Airway Risk) *only Ace
    Pulmonary HTN
    Ischemic Heart Disease C–Cough *only Ace
    Fibrotic Lungs “stiff lungs”
    E–Elevated K+ (normal 3.5-5.0)
    (CAD, ACS)
    B–BETA BLOCKERS (-lol) AtenoLOL “LOL = LOW”
    Treatment Priority Blocks both BP & HR (AVOID Low HR & BP)
    Caution: HOLD IF:
    B–Bradycardia (LESS than 60) & BP low (90/60)
    KEY WORDS: new, sudden, worsening, rapid = only hold if the patient is in an acute exacerbation of CHF
    Pulmonary Edema CRISIS (Lung Fluid!) B–Breathing problems “wheezing” (Asthma, COPD)
    B–Bad for Heart Failure patients
    #1 Furosemide “Body Dried” (drain fluid) B–Blood sugar masking “hides S/S” (Diabetics)
    H–HOB 45 degrees + (semi fowlers, high fowlers, orthopneic C–CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS
    position) Calms BP & HR (AVOID Low HR & BP)
    O–Oxygen (Nifedipine)
    P–Push Furosemide + Morphine, Positive inotropes -dipine “declined BP & HR
    E–End sodium & fluids (Sodium Swells) -amilipine “chill heart”
    NO drinking fluids + STOP IV fluids D–DIURETICS Drain Fluid
    D–Drains Fluid “Diurese” “Dried”
    Diagnostic tests K+ Wasting–Furosemide & Hydrochlorothiazide
    (caution: Low K+, Eat melons, banana & green leafy)
    Labs: BNP–”Broken Venticles” K+ Sparing–Spironolactone “Spares potassium”
    (AVOID Salt Substitues, melons & green leafy)
    300+ Mild • 600+ Moderate • 900+ SEVERE HF D–DILATORS (Vasodilators)
    Echo Nitroglycerin, Isosorbide
    Ejection Fraction 40% or LESS is HF! (normal-55-70%) Nitroglycerin “Nitro = Pillow for heart”
    LVH–Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Caution: NO Viagra “-afil” Slidenafil = DEATH!
    Nitro drip: STOP = Systolic BP below 90 or 30 mmHg Drop
    Hemodynamic Monitor “Swan Ganz" (Pulmonary artery catheter)
    Adverse effect:
    CVP (norm: 2-8) Over 8 = NOT GREAT HA= side effect
    Low BP= adverse effect (SLOW position changes)
    Risk Factors D–DIGOXIN (Inotropic)
    Digs for a DEEP contraction
    #1 risk factor is HTN Increased contractility
    ECG Dysrhythmias (Atrial Fibrillation) Apical Pulse x 1 minute
    Valvular Malfunction (mitral valve regurgitation) Toxicity (over 2.0) Vision changes, N/V TEST TIP
    Cardiomyopathy Potassium 3.5 or less (higher r/f toxicity)

    Notes

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