Quadratic Equation

TOPIC : QUADRATIC EQUATION

EXERCISE # 1
PART–1
A-1. a2 – a – 2 = 0, a2 – 4 = 0, a2 – 3a + 2 = 0 a = 2, – 1 and a = ± 2 and a = 1, 2  a = 2
Now (x2 + x + 1) a2 – (x2 + 3) a – (2x2 + 4x – 2) = 0 will be an identity if x2 + x + 1 = 0 & x2 + 3 = 0
& 2x + 4x – 2 = 0 which is not possible.
2

2
 3  7    2  2 7
A-2. (i) 2 + 2 = ( + )2 – 2 =   – 2(2) = (ii) + = =–
 2  4    8
b c
A-3.  +  =– and  =
a a
1 1  b b / a b b (a  c)
(i)  + ++ =++ = + =     = b
   a c /a a c ac
 1  1 1 c a (a  c)2
and        =  + + 2 = + + 2 =
      a c ac
1 1
 equation whose roots are  + and  + is
 
1 1
  + + acx2 + b(a + c)x + (a + c)2 = 0
 
b2 2ac 4a2  b2  2ac
(ii)  2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = ( + )2 – 2 + 4 = 2
– 2
+4=
a a a2
c2 2(b2  2ac)
and (2 + 2) (2 + 2) = 22 + 2(2 + 2) + 4 = + +4
a2 a2
  equation whose roots are 2 + 2 & 2 + 2 is
a2 x2 + (2ac – b2 – 4a2)x + 2b2 + 4a2 + c2 – 4ac = 0
a2 x2 + (2ac – b2 – 4a2)x + 2b2 + (2a – c)2 = 0

A-4. given 2 = 5 – 3 and  2 = 5 – 3

  &  are the roots of x2 – 5x + 3 = 0
   2  2 25  6 19  
 + = = = and . = 1
   3 3  
 
 equation have , as its roots is 3x2 – 19x + 3 = 0
 

A-5.  p = –11, q = 24
then correct equation will be x2 – 11x + 24 = 0
x2 – 11x + 24 = 0
 (x – 8)(x –3) = 0  x = 3, 8

A-6. (i) E = 2x3 + 2x2 – 7x + 72

3  5i
Given, x =
2
 2x – 3 = 5i
 4x2 + 9 – 12x = – 25
 4x2 – 12x + 34 = 0
 2x2 – 6x + 17 = 0 ........(i)
Given expression can be written as
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 Quadratic Equation
E = (2x2 – 6x + 17) (x + 4) + 4 = 4 (using (i))
 1 15 1 15 14 7
(ii)  x  2  = 2  x + x + 4 = 4  x + x = 4  x + x = 2   
2 2 2

 
7
   2x3 + 2x2 – 7x + 72 = 2x (x2 + x) – 7x + 72 = 2x   – 7x + 72 = 7x – 7x + 72 = 72.
2
(iii) 2x = y  y + 2 y – 32 = 0
2 2
 y + 8y – 4y – 32 = 0
2

  y = 4 = 2x    2x  –8  x = 2.

b c
A-7.  ax2 + bx + c = 0  +=–   =
a a
 Let a3 x2 + (a b c) x + c3 = 0 
abc  b c
  +=– =      = ( ) ( + ) = 2 + 2 v ....(i)
a 3
 a a
3
c
 =   = ()3 = (2) (2) ....(ii)
a
From (i) and (ii) we can say that  = 2 and  = 2 and  = 2 and  = 2

A-8.  +  = p,  = q  ( – 2) ( + 2) = r   + 2 – 2 – 4 = r
q + 2( – ) – 4 = r  2 – 2 = r + 4 – q  2 + 2 = 2p
4 = r + 4 – q + 2p  4 = 2p – (r + 4 – q)  16 = 4p2 – (r + 4 – q)2
16q + (r + 4 – q)2 = 4p2.

1 1 n
c  c  n1 b  c  n1  c  n1 b
A-9.  . n =  =    + n = –    +   =–
a a a a a a
1 1 n n n 1 1 n
1 1
a n1 . c n1  c n1. a n1  b  0  a n1 . c n1  a n1. c n1  b  0 
1 1

a n
c  n1

 a c 
n n1
b  0 Proved.

(2a  3) 3a  4 6  4
A-10. S= = –1  2a + 3 = a + 1  a = –2; p = = =2
a 1 a 1 2  1

A-11. 2x2 + 6x + a = 0
 
Its roots are ,   + = – 3 & =  <2
 
(  )2 – 2 9–a
 <2  <1
 a
2a – 9 9 
 >0  a (–, 0)   ,    2a = 11 is least prime.
a 2 

B-1. Let 3rd root be  then  = –r But  = –1 (given)   = r

substituting x =  = r in the given equation we get r2 + pr + q + 1 = 0.

 1 1  1 
B-2. x3 + px2 + qx + r  = – r            
        
3
       1 (r  1)3 (r  1)3
=           r  =  1
 r = – r = – Ans.
 r  r     r3 r2

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 Quadratic Equation
14 63  7
B-3. (i) Let roots be , 2, 3 +  = , 22 + 3 = , 22 =  = – 3
24 24 24 12
 7  21 7 21 7 21
22 + 3   3  =  22 + – 92 = 0 = 72 – –
 12  8 4 8 4 8
 3 3 1
2 – – =0 82 – 2 – 3 = 0  = or
4 8 4 2
3 3 3 5 1
= roots are , , and  = 45  =
4 4 2 3 2
1 25
 roots are ,  1, and  = –25
2 12
(ii) , ,  be roots. 
81
   +  = 2 ..........(1)  ++= ..........(2)
18
60
 = ..........(3)
18
3
(1), (2)  = Put in (1), (3)
2
20
 +=–3   =
9
20
3  9  4 ·1·
20 9 5 4
 x2 – (– 3)x + =0  x= = , .
9 2 3 3
4 3 5
 roots are , , .
3 2 3
B-4. 3 – 62 + 10 – 3 = 0.
x 1 (x  1)3 6(x  1)2
Let x = 2 + 1 new root  =  – + 5(x – 1) – 3 = 0
2 8 4
(x3 – 3x2 + 3x – 1) – 12 (x2 – 2x + 1) + 40 (x – 1) – 24 = 0 x3 – 15x2 + 67x – 77 = 0.

B-5. 2x3 + x2 – 7 = 0   +  +  = – 1/2,    0 ,  = 7/2

       
      =      +
1 1 1
+ + + = ( + ) + ( + ) + ( + )
      
1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1 1 1 1   
=
   2    +    2    +    2    = – 2        – 1 – 1 – 1 = – 2    – 3 = – 3
         
B-6. Let roots be ,  and   
20
  ++=–  2 +  = – 5 .............(1)
4
23 23
  .  +  +  = –  2 + 2 = – .............(2)
4 4
6 3
and 2 = – =– .............(3)
4 2
23
from equation (1) put  = – 5 – 2 in (2), we get 2 + 2 (– 5 – 2) = –
4
23
 122 + 40 – 23 = 0   = 1/2, –
6
1
(i) If  = then from (1), we get  = – 6
2

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 Quadratic Equation
23 8
(ii) If  = – then from (1), we get  =
6 3
1 23 8
Note :  =and  = – 6 also satisfy (3) but  =  and  = does not satisfy (3)
2 6 3
1 1
 required roots are , , –6
2 2
C-1. 2+i 3 and 2 – i 3 are the roots of x2 + px + q = 0
 –p = 4  p = –4 & q = 7.

C-2. x2 – 2cx + ab = 0 has roots real and unequal i.e. D1 > 0  4c2 – 4ab > 0  c2 – ab > 0 ............(1)
Now, x2 – 2(a + b) x + (a2 + b2 + 2c2) = 0
 D2 = 4(a + b)2 –4 (a2 + b2 + 2c2) = –8 (c2 – ab)
by (1) D2 < 0 roots will be imaginary.
6  36  4
C-3. D = 0  (k + 1)2 – 8k = 0  k2 + 1 – 6k = 0  k = k=3±2 2.
2
C-4. D = 0 4(b2 – ac)2 – 4 (a2 – bc) (c2 – ab) = 0  b(a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc) = 0
 Either b = 0 or a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc.
1 1 1
C-5. + + =0 ...(1)
x a x b xc
 (x – b)(x – c) + (x – a) (x – c) + (x – a) (x – b) = 0
 3x2 – 2(a + b + c)x + ab + bc + ac = 0 ...(2)
D = 4(a + b + c)2 – 12(ab + bc + ac) = 4[a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ac]= 2[(a – b)2 + (b – c)2 + (c – a)2]
 D  0  roots are always real But if a = b = c
1 1 1 3
Then + + =0 =0
x a x b xc xa
which has no real 'x'
 this equation cannot have roots if a = b = c. a = b = c
1 1 1
C-6. + =  x2 + x (p +q – 2r) + (pq – pr – qr) = 0
(x  p) (x  q) r
   ()  (p  q  2r)  0  p + q = 2r
(p  q)2 1
&Product of roots = pq – r(p + q) =pq – r (p + q) = pq  =  (p2  q2 )
2 2
C-7. (i) Roots are – 2 + i, – 2 – i,  (say) ; Sum of roots (– 2 + i) + (– 2 – i) +  = 0 ;  = 4.
Sum of products taken two at a time.
4(– 2 + i) + 4(– 2 – i) + (4 + 2) = 63 ; – 16 + 4 + 2 = 63 ; 2 = 75
 = ± 5 3 . Roots are 4, – 2 ± i 5 3 .
1 1
(ii) Call roots as , + i, – i
2 2
b
–1= .........(1)
2
 1   1  1 3
    i  +    i  + + 2 = .......(2)
 2   2  4 2
1  1
   2  = ........(3)
4  2
1 3
(2)  + 2 = +
4 2
3  1 1
Put in (3)     = ;  (2 + 3) = – 1.   = – 1, .
 2  2 2
1
If  = – 1, (3)  b = 4 =  b=3
2
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 Quadratic Equation
Put in (1) b = 3 or 4

C-8. Given one root is –1 + i

 2nd root will be –1 – i 
  x2 + 2x + 2 will be one factor of x4 + 4x3 + 5x2 + 2x – 2 = 0 and x2 + 2x –1 will be another factor
 The roots of given equation are –1 ± 2 and –1 ± i.

1 1 1
C-9. y = (2x – 1)(6x2 + x – 1) = (2x –1)(2x + 1)(3x – 1). Hence roots are x =  , ,
2 3 2

f(1) > 0

D-1. (i) (ii) (iii)

D-2. (i) y = –x2 + 2x + 3 = – (x2 – 2x – 3) = – (x – 3) (x + 1)

Here a < 0 and D > 0 Range is (–, 4]
(ii) f(x) = x2 – 2x + 3  x  [0, 3]

y  [2, 6]  x  [0, 3] Ans.

Aliter :
f(x) = x2 – 2x + 3 = (x – 1)2 + 2
Since 0  x  3  –1  x – 1  2 0  (x – 1)2  4 
  2  (x – 1)2 + 2  6 2  f(x)  6
  Range of f(x) is [2, 6].

(iii) y = x2 – 4x + 6 ; x  (0, 1]
Here a > 0 and D<0
f(0) = 6 f(1) = 3Clearly for x  (0, 1] y  [3, 6)

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 Quadratic Equation

D-3. (i) (y – 1)x2 – x + y – 1 = 0

 xR
 D0
1 3
  1 – 4(y – 1)2  0  (1 + 2y – 2) (1 – 2y + 2) 0  (2y – 1) (2y – 3)  0   y 
2 2
(ii) y(x2 – 2x – 9) = x2 – 2x + 9  (y – 1) x2 – 2(y – 1) x – (y + 1)9 = 0
If y = 1  –(2) 9 = 0 contradiction.
 y1 D0   (5y + 4) (y – 1)  0
 4 
y    ,  (1, )
 5 
D-4. We can see for x2 – 8x + 17
D = 64 – 4(17) < 0
 x2 – 8x + 17 is always +ve If f(x) < 0
 kx2 + 2(k + 1)x + (9k + 4) < 0  k < 0 ......(1)
& 4(k + 1)2 – 4 k(9k + 4) < 0  k2 + 1 + 2k – 9k2 – 4k < 0 –8k2 – 2k + 1 < 0
8k2 + 2k – 1 > 0  8k2 + 4k – 2k – 1 > 0  4k(2k + 1) – 1(2k + 1) > 0

(2k + 1)(4k – 1) > 0 .......(2)

 1  1
combining (1) & (2) we get k   ,   (1) (2) k   ,  
 2   2 

D-5. (i) x2 + (a – b) x + (1 – a – b) = 0
 D>0
  (a – b)2 – 4 × 1 × (1 – a – b) > 0
  a2 + b2 – 2ab – 4 + 4a + 4b > 0
  b2 + 2b (2 – a) + (a2 + 4a – 4) > 0
 4(2 – a)2 – 4 × 1 × (a2 + 4a – 4) < 0
4 + a – 4a – a2 – 4a + 4 < 0  
2 
 8a – 8 > 0   a>1

(ii) (a – b)2 – 4 · 1 · (1 – a – b)  0   
 b2 + (4 – 2a)b + (a2 + 4a – 4)  0,  b  R
as cofficient of b2 = 1, positive it in not possible.
 a .

E-1. For both roots to exceed 3

(i) D  0  36a2 – 8 + 8a – 36a2  0  a  1

 11 
(ii) f(3) > 0  9 – 18a + 2 – 2a + 9a2 > 0  9a2 – 20a + 11 > 0  a  (–, 1)   ,  
 9 
b 11
(iii) > 3  3a > 3  a > 1   (i)  (ii)  (iii)  a > .
2a 9

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 Quadratic Equation
E-2. Here for one root to exceed 2 and other to be smaller than 2, f(2) < 0

 4 – 2k – 2 + k2 + k – 8 < 0
 k2 – k – 6 < 0
 –2 < k < 3.
E-3. Here coefficient of x2 is always positive

 f(0) < 0
 (a2 + 4) (a – 2) (a + 2) < 0
 a (–2, 2)

E-4. (i) D>0

4a2 – 4(a2 – 1) > 0
4>0 xR
(ii) f(2) f(4) < 0
(4 – 4a + a2 – 1) (16 – 8a + a2 – 1) < 0
(a – 3)2 (a – 1) (a – 5) < 0
a  (1, 5) – {3}

E-5. x2 + 2(k – 3) x + 9 = 0 ......(i)

Roots , of equation (i) are distinct & lies between –6 and 1
D > 0  4(K – 3)2 – 36 > 0  k(k – 6) > 0
 k (– , 0) (6, ) ......(ii)
f(1) > 0 1 + 2 (k – 3)+ 9 > 0
 2k + 4 > 0
 k (–2, ) ......(iii)
f(–6) > 0 36 – 12 (k – 3) + 9 > 0
 27 
 4k – 27 < 0  k   – , ......(iv)
 4 

b –2(K – 3)
–6 < – < 1 – 6 < <1
2a 2
 –1 < k – 3 < 6 2<k<9 ......(v)
 27 
(ii)  (iii) (iv) (v)  k   6, .
 4 
1
F-1. If  is one of the root of a1x2 + b1x + c1 = 0. Then will be a root of ax2 + bx + c = 0

 c2 + b + a = 0 & a12 + b1 + c1 = 0 have one common root. 
  applying the condition for one common root we get (aa1 – cc1)2 = (bc1 – ab1) (b1c – a1b)

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 Quadratic Equation
F-2. Given equation are
x2 – 11x + a = 0 .........(i)
x2 – 14x + 2a = 0 .........(ii)
Multiplying equation (i) by 2 and then subtracting, we get x 2 – 8x = 0  x = 0, 8
If x = 0, a = 0
If x = 8, a = 24

F-3. ax2 + bx + c = 0 bx2 + cx + a = 0 have a common root, say 

2  1
 a2 + b + c = 0  b2 + c + a = 0    
ab  c bc  a 2
ac  b2
2
ab  c 2 bc  a2  ab  c 2   bc  a2 
         
2
,  (ab – c2) (ac – b2) = (bc – a2)2
ac  b2 ac  b2  ac  b   ac  b
2 2

a3  b3  c 3
a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc [ a 0]   3  Ans.
abc
Aliter :
By observation, x = 1 is the common root
 a + b + c = 0  a3 + b2 + c3 = 3abc or = 3.

F-4. Let  is the common root hence 2 + p + q = 0 2 + q + p = 0

2  1
  2 = –(p + q),  = 1  – (p + q) = 1 p + q + 1 = 0
p q
2 2 q  p q  p
Let other roots be  and  then  +  = – p ,  = q  +  = – q,  = p
 q  qp qp qp
 –  = q – p,        = p  = q
 p  p  p
Equation having ,  as roots
x2 – ( + ) x +  = 0  x2 – (p + q) x + pq = 0  x2 + x + pq = 0 [ p + q = – 1]

F-5. (i) (ii)

F-6. f(x) = x3 – 3x2 + 2

f’(x) = 3x2 – 6x = 3x (x – 2) = 0

f(0) = 2
f(2) = 8 – 12 + 2 = – 2
(i) k[–2,2]
(ii) k(–,–2) (2,)
2

0 2 2
–2
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 Quadratic Equation

PART - II
A-1. x = 1 is root. Let other root = 
ab ab
Product of the roots = (1) () =  roots are 1,
bc bc
A-2.  + = – p  = q   + = – p  = – r
(– ) (– ) = 2 – (+ ) + = 2 + p– r = (+ p) – r = – – r = –q – r = – (q + r)

A-3. ( – ) = 4   ( – )2 = 16  ( + )2 – 4 = 16

7 7
 9 – 4 = 16   = –  equation is x2 – 3x – =0
4 4

p
A-4. 3x2 + px + 3 = 0   + 2 = – .... (i)
3
3 = 1,    = 1, , 2   1
 =  or = 2 put is (i)   p=3

A-5. S1 : x2 – bx + c = 0
 | – | = 1  ( – )2 = 1  b2 – 4c = 1.
S2 :    +  = 1 and  = 3 
    4 + 4 = (2 + 2)2 – 22 2 =[( + )2 – 2]2 – 2()2 = (1 – 6)2 – 2(9) = 25 – 18 = 7
S3 :  = 7  = 16 = 12
 2 = ()2 – 2 () = 49 – 32
 2 + 2 + 2 = 17

B-1. Let the roots be , , –then +–=p

 =p ...(1) and   –  – 2 = q  2 = –q ...(2)
also – 2 = r  pq = r [using (1)].

B-2. x – x – 1 = 0
3
 then 3 –  – 1 = 0 .............(1)


3
1  y 1  y  1  y  1
Let  y    from equation (1)      1  0 y + 7y – y + 1 = 0
3 2
1  y 1  y  1   y  1 

1  1  1 
then   = – 7 Ans.
1  1  1 

B-3. Clearly (x – a) (x – b) (x – c) = –(x – ) (x – ) (x – )

 if , ,  are the roots of given equation
then (x – ) (x – ) (x – ) + d = 0 will have roots a, b, c.

3  3   3 3  3b
B-4_.   = =
 2  2   2 2(     ) 2a

B-5_. Let roots are , – then  +  = 2 and –2 ( + ) = –8

 2 = 4   ±2

 24 – 2(23) + a(2)2 + 8(2) + b = 0

 4a + b = –16

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 Quadratic Equation
C-1. += 3
3 +2 +  = 3 = – 2

C-2. D1 = b2 – 4.2.c > 0  b2 – 8c > 0

D2 = (b – 4c)2 4.2c. (2c – b + 1) = b2 + 16c2 – 8bc – 16c2 + 8bc – 8c = b2 – 8c > 0

C-3.  + 2 = – ,3 = m
6 + 3 + 32 ( + 2) = – 3
 m2 + m + 3m (–) + 3 = 0  m2 + m (1– 3) + 3 = 0
 (1–3) – 4  0
2 3 {because m R}
1
 43 – 9 2 + 6 – 1  0  ( –1)2 (4 –1)  0  (– , ]  {1}
4
C-4. D = b2 – 4ac = 20d2  D  2 5d So roots are irrational.

C-5. D = b2 – 4ac = b2 – 4a (–4a –2b) = b2 + 16a2 + 8ab

Since ab > 0  D > 0. So equation has real roots.

C-6. For integral roots, D of equation should be perfect sq.

 D = 4(1+n)
By observation, for n  N, D should be perfect sq. of even integer.
So D = 4(1+n) = 62, 82, 102,122,142, 162, 182, 202. No. of values of n = 8.

D-1. x2 + bx + c = 0
 +=–b
  = c
 Sum is +ve and product is – ve.  
  < 0 <  < ||

D-2. a > 0 & c < 0 is satisfied by (B) only [ f(0) = 0 & a > 0] Further in (B)
b
– >0  b<0 [ a > 0].
2a
D-3. For y = ax2 + bx + c to have the sign always same of 'a' b2 – 4ac < 0  4ac > b2

D-4. Here for D < 0, entire graph will be above x-axis ( a > 0)
 (k – 1)2 – 36 < 0  (k – 7) (k + 5) < 0  –5<k<7
D-5. Let f(x) = ax2 – bx + 1. Given D < 0 & f (0) = 1 > 0

 possible graph is as shown

i.e. f(x) > 0 x  R or f(–1) > 0 f(–1) = a + b+ 1 > 0

D-6. x2 + ax + b = 0  a+b =–a  2a + b = 0 and ab = b

ab – b = 0  b (a – 1) = 0  Either b = 0 or a = 1
But b  0 (given)
 a=1
 b=–2
 f(x) = x2 + x – 2
1
Least value occurs at x = –
2
1 1 9
Least value = – –2=–
4 2 4

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 Quadratic Equation

D-7.

y = –2x2 – 6x + 9 
b 6 3
   =  = –1.5 & D = 36 – 4(–2) (9) = 36 + 72 = 108 
2a 2( 2) 2
D 108 108
     = 13.5
4a 4( 2) 8
 y  (,13.5]

D-8. min. f(x) > max. g(x)

 –b2 + 2c2 > b2 + c2
 c2 > 2b2

 |c| > |b| 2

E-1. (x – a) (x – b) – 1 = 0. Let f(x) = (x – a) (x – b) – 1 f(a) = –1  f(b) = – 1

 the graph will be mouth opening upwards.

 (D) will be correct

E-2. x2 – 2px + (8p – 15) = 0

f(1) < 0 and f(2) < 0
 f(1) = 1 – 2p + 8p – 15 < 0
 p < 7/3
and f(2) = 4 – 4p + 8p – 15 < 0
11
 4p – 11 < 0  p 
4
Hence p  (, 7 / 3) Ans.

1 2
 

E-3. 4x2 –16x +  = 0

f(1) > 0 and f(2) < 0 and f(3) > 0

1 2 3
  
O 12 16

f(1) = 4 – 16 +  > 0   > 12 ...(i)

f(2) = 16 – 32 +  < 0   < 16 ...(ii)
f(3) = 36 – 48 +  > 0   > 12 ...(iii)
by (i)  (ii) (iii)
12 <  < 16. So  = 13, 14, 15 has 3 integral solutions.

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 Quadratic Equation
E-4. D  0
(k–1)2 – 4k2  0  (k + 1) (3k – 1)  0

–1 1/3
Case- I Exactly one in (1, 2)
f(1) f(2) < 0  (1– k+1+1) (4–2k+2+k2)<0
 (3 – k) (k2 – 2k + 6) < 0
3–k<0k>3
if one roots is – 1 then k = 3
– 1 × k = 9  k = – 9  k 3

1 1
if one root is 2 then k2 – 2k + 6 = 0 not possible
 k
Case-II If both roots lie in (1, 2)
f(1) > 0 & f(2) > 0
3 – k > 0  k < 3 & k2 – 2k + 6 > 0  k  

F-1. x2(6k + 2) + rx + (3k –1) = 0  x2(12k + 4) + px + 6k – 2 = 0

6k  2 r 3k  1
For both roots common,  
12k  4 p 2(3k  1)
r 1
 
p 2
 2r – p = 0 Ans.
2
F-2. 3x2 – 17x + 10 = 0  x= or 5
3
If x = 5 is comman  =0
2 26 26
If x= is comman  = ; Sum =
3 9 9
F-3. D1 = 4a2b2 – 8a2b2 = – 4a2b2 < 0 img. root ; D2 = 4p2q2 – 4p2q2 = 0 equal, real roots
So no common roots.
y
F-4. (C) 2
3
–2 2 2 x
3

F-5. (D)

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 Quadratic Equation

PART - III

1. (A) x2 – 8x + k = 0  ( – )2 = ( + )2 – 4

  16 = 64 – 4k  4k = 48  k = 12
1 2 1 1
(B) x2 + 2x – 4 = 0  2 + – 4 = 0 has roots ,  – 4x2 + 2x + 1 = 0
x x  
1 1 1 1 3 3
4x2 – 2x – 1 = 0 x2 – x – = 0  q + r = – =  4 =
2 4 2 4 4 qr
c
(C)  +  = 0,  =  3 + 3 = ( + ) (2 –  + 2) = 0.
a

(D) x2 – kx + 36 = 0   = k,  = 36 36 = (1)(36) = (2)(18) = (3)(12) = (4)(9) = (6)(6)

or 36 = (–1)(–36) = (–2)(–18) = (–3)(–12) = (–4)(–9) = (–6) (–6) i.e. 10 values of k are possible.

2. f(x) = ax2 + bx + c (a  0) a + b = –b/a

D = b2 – 4ac b = c/a

(P) from graph

b c
D>0 >0  b<0 ; a>0 0  c>0
a a

(q) D>0

a<0 abc < 0

abc b
f(0) > 0  c>0, 0  0 b > 0
D 2a

(r) D<0

f(0) > 0   C > 0 abc < 0

abc b
 a>0 >0  0 b < 0 (A, D)
D 2a

(s) D<0

a<0
b
f(0) < 0  C<0  0  b<0
2a
abc
abc < 0  0 (A, D)
D
3. (A) q, s, t (B) p, t (C) r (D) q, s.
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 Quadratic Equation

Exercise # 2
PART - I

1. a > 0, b > 0 and c > 0  ax2 + bx + c = 0

c
 +  = – b/a = – ve,  = = + ve
a
–ve real part


2. x2 + 2ax + b = 0  0 < |  –  |  2m  0< (  )2 – 4   2m

0 < 4a2 – 4b  4m2  a2 – m2  b < a2  b  [a2 – m2, a2)

3. Sum of roots < 1

 2 – 5 + 5 < 1  ( – 1) ( – 4) < 0  1<<4 ...(1)
 Product of roots < 1
5
 22 – 3 – 5 < 0  (2 – 5) ( + 1) < 0  –1 <  < ...(2)
2
5
 (1) & (2)   1<< .
2

4. Dis. of x2 + px + 3q is p2 – 12q  D1
Dis. of –x2 + rx + q is r2 + 4q  D2
Dis. of –x + sx – 2q is s2 – 8q  D3
2

Case 1 : If q < 0, then D1 > 0, D3 > 0 and D2 may or may not be positive
Case 2 : If q > 0, then D2 > 0 and D1, D3 may or may not be positive
Case 3 : If q = 0, then D1  0, D2  0 and D3  0
from Case 1, Case 2 and Case 3 we can say that the given equation has atleast two real roots.

5. We, know that a + b > c, b + c > a and c + a > b  c – a < b, a – b < c, b – c < a
squaring on both sides and adding (c – a)2 + (a – b)2 + (b – c)2 < a2 + b2 + c2
a2 + b2 + c2 – 2(ab + bc + ca) < 0  (a + b + c)2 – 4(ab + bc + ca) < 0
(a  b  c)2
 <4 ....(i)
ab  bc  ca
Now roots of equation x2 + 2(a + b + c) x + 3 (ab + bc + ca) = 0 are real, then D  0
(a  b  c)2
 4 (a + b + c)2 – 4. 3 (ab + bc + ca)  0   3
ab  bc  ca
(a  b  c)2 4
So 3  <4  <
ab  bc  ca 3

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 Quadratic Equation
6. Let biqhadratic is ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx + e = 0
 a + b + c + d + e = 0 as a, b, c, d, e  {–9, – 5, 3, 4, 7}
Hence x = 1 is a root. So real root will be atleast two.
ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx + e = 0  a + b + c + d + e = 0 a, b, c, d, e  {–9, – 5, 3, 4, 7}

7. x2 + px + q = 0  D1 = p2 – 4q .....(1)
x2 + rx + s = 0  D2 = r2 – 4s .....(2)
D1 + D2 = p2 + r2 – 4 (q + s) [pr = 2(q + s)] = (p – r)2 > 0
Since D1 + D2 is +ve, so atleast
one of the equation has real roots.

8. x = – 2x2 + 6x – 9  D = 36 – 4(–2) (–9) = 36 – 72 < 0 & a < 0

So quadratic expression – 2x2 + 6x – 9 is always negative whereas x is always +ve
 Equation will not hold for any x.
 x  So x = – 2x2 + 6x – 9 has no solution.

9. ( + 2) ( – 1)x2 + ( + 2)x – 1 < 0  x  R  ( + 2) ( – 1) < 0 

  –2 <  < 1 ...(1) (a < 0)
and ( + 2)2 + 4( + 2) ( – 1) < 0 (D < 0)
 ( + 2) ( + 2 + 4 – 4) < 0  ( + 2) (5 – 2) < 0
2
 –2 <  < ...(2)
5
 2
(1) & (2)     2,  Also  = –2  0 < 1 which is true
 5 
 2
 Required interval is    2,
 5 

10. C1 : b2 – 4a c  0; C2 : a, – b, c are of same sign ax2 + bx + c = 0 has real roots then D  0 i.e. C1 must
be satisfied
b
(i) Let a, – b, c > 0 then – >0
2a
b
(ii) Let a, – b, c < 0 then – >0
2a
Hence, for roots to be + ve, C2 must be satisfied. Thus both C1, C2 are satisfied

x2  x  c
11. Let y = ; x  R and y  R   (y – 1) x2 + (y + 1)x + 2y c – c = 0
x 2  x  2c
xR  D0  (y + 1)2 – 4 c(y – 1) (2y – 1)  0
  y + 1 + 2y – 4c [2y – 3y + 1]  0
2 2
 (1 – 8c)y2 + (2 + 12c) y + 1 – 4c  0 ....... (1)
1
Now for all y  R (1) will be true if 1 – 8c > 0  c < and D  0
8
  4 (1 + 6c)2 – 4 (1 – 8c) (1 – 4c)  0   1 + 36c2 + 12c – 1 – 32c2 + 12c  0
  4c2 + 24c  0  –6c0
But c = –6 and c = 0 will not satisfy given condition
 c (–6, 0)

12. (2 – x) (x + 1) = p  x2 – x + (p – 2) = 0 ...(1)
(1) has both roots distinct & positive
b
 (i) D > 0 (ii) f(0) > 0 (iii) >0
2a
9 b 1
(i) D>0 p< (ii) f(0) > 0  p > 2 (iii) = > 0 (always true)
4 2a 2
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 Quadratic Equation
 9
 (i)  (ii)  (iii)  p   2, .
 4 

13. (a – 1) (x2 + x + 1)2 – (a + 1) (x4 + x2 + 1) = 0 ........(1)

 x + x + 1 = (x + x + 1) (x – x + 1)
4 2 2 2

 (1) becomes
 (x2 + x + 1) [(x2 + x + 1) (a – 1) – (a + 1) (x2 – x + 1)] = 0
 (x2 + x + 1) (x2 – ax + 1) = 0
Here two roots are imaginary and for other two roots to be real D > 0
 a2 – 4 > 0  a  (–, –2) (2, )

14. x3 + 5x2 + px + q = 0    + + x1 = – 5,  + x1 +x1 = p ...(1)
x1

x3 + 7x2 + px + r = 0    + + x2 = – 7,  + x2 + x2 = p ...(2)
x2
Subtracting (2) from (1)
   x2  x2  p
 + x1 +x1 = p   (x1 – x2) ( – ) = 0 [x1  x2]
 (x1 – x 2 )   (x1 – x 2 )  0
 +=0  x1 = – 5  x2 = – 7

15.  a2 + b2 + c2 = 1   (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2 (ab + bc + ca)  0

1
 1 + 2 (ab + bc + ca)  0   (ab + bc + ca)  – ........(1)
2
 a2 + b2 + c2 – (ab + bc + ca)  0  (ab + bc + ca)  1 ........(2)
 1 
 From (1) and (2) we can say that (ab + bc + ca)    , 1
 2 

PART - II

1. x 2
 3x  2  x 2

 3x = 120
Let x2 + 3x = y  y2 + 2y – 120 = 0  (y + 12) (y – 10)= 0
 y = –12  x2 + 3x + 12 = 0   x 
y = 10   x2 + 3x – 10 = 0   (x + 5) (x – 2) = 0
 x = {–5, 2}
x = 2, – 5 are only two integer roots.

5  2 6 
x2 3 1
2.   10
5  2 6 
x 2 3

1
 t = 10
t
 t2 – 10t + 1 = 0
10  96
t= 52 6
2
2
3 1
 (5  2 6 )x = (5  2 6 ) or
52 6
 x2 –3=1 or x2– 3 = –1
 x = 2 or –2 or  2 or 2 Product 8
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 Quadratic Equation

3. x2 + px + 1 = 0 a + b = – p, ab = 1 ; x2 + qx + 1 = 0 c + d = – q, cd = 1

a + b = –p, ab = 1 c + d = –q, cd = 1

RHS = (a – c) (b – c) (a + d) (b + d) = (ab – ac – bc + c2) (ab + ad + bd + d2)
= (1 – ac – bc + c2) (1 + ad + bd + d2)
= 1 + ad + bd + d2 – ac – a2cd – abcd – acd2 – bc – abcd – b2cd – bcd2 + c2 + adc2 + bdc2 + c2d2
= 1 + ad + bd + d2 – ac – a2 – 1 – ad – bc – 1 – b2 – bd + c2 + ac + bc + 1 [ ab = cd = 1]
= c2 + d2 – a2 – b2 = (c + d)2 – 2cd – (a + b)2 + 2ab = q2 – 2 – p2 + 2 = q2 – p2 = LHS. Proved.
Aliter:
RHS = (ab – c(a + b) + c2) (ab + d(ab + d(a + b) + d2) = (c2 + pc + 1) (1 – pd + d2) ...(1)
Since c & d are the roots of the equation x2 + qx + 1 = 0
 c2 + qc + 1 = 0  c2 + 1 = –qc & d2 + qd + 1 = 0  d2 + 1 = –qd.
 (i) Becomes = (pc – qc) (–pd – qd) = c(p – q) (–d) (p + q) = –cd (p2 – q2)
= cd (q2 – p2) = q2 – p2 = LHS. Proved.

4.  are roots of x2 – ( – 1) x + 5 = 0

 1 5
 += and  =
 
   2  2
 + =4   =4  ( + )2 = 6 
  
(  1)2 30
  =   2 – 32 + 1 = 0 ............(1)
 2 
 1, 2 are roots of (1)  1 + 2 = 32 and 12 = 1
 1  2 
1  (1   2 )  21 2
2
(32)  2 2    
 + 2 = = = 1022   2 1 
= 73
2 1 12 1  14 
 
 
1 2 2 1
5.  + 2 = –   =– Also 22 =  =
m 3(  m) m 9(  m)2 m
9
  22 – 9 + 9m = 0  R  D0  81 – 72m  0 m .
8

6.  = b ;  = b – 2  = b(b – 2) = 24

1 1 1 1 a
 bx2 + ax + 1 = 0 has roots ,   
    b
1 1 1 1 a
(b – 2)x2 – ax + 1 = 0 has root ,   
    b2
1 1 1 1 a a 5 2a 5 2a 5
      ;  ;  ; a = 10.
    b b  2 6 b(b  2) 6 24 6

7. a3 + b3 + (– 9)3 = 3 · a · b (– 9)  a+b–9=0 or a = b = – 9. Which is rejected.

As a>b>–9   a+b–9=0  x = 1 is a root
9 9  9 
other root = .  = ,  = 1 4 – a = 4 – a   = 4 + 9 = 13.
a a  a 

8. Let t 2 – 2t + 2 = k  2 – 6k – 2 = 0  2 – 2 = 6 k

a100 – 2a98 =  – 2. –  + 2. =  ( – 2) –  ( – 2) = 6k (99 – 99) a100 – 2a98 = 6k.a99
100 98 100 98 98 2 98 2

a100  2a98 a  2a98

= 6k = 6(t2 – 2t + 2) = 6[(t – 1)2 + 1]  min. value of 100
a99 a99

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 Quadratic Equation

9. x4 – Kx3 + Kx2 + Lx + M =    = K,    = K,    = – L

= M  2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = ( +  +  + )2 – 2    
 K – 2K = (K – 1) – 1
2 2
 ( +  +  +  )min = – 1
2 2 2 2

2 x
10. y=  x2y – 2x + y = 0  xR
1  x2
D0 4 – 4y2  0  y  [– 1, 1] Now f(y) = y2 + y – 2
 9  9  9 
 f(y)   – , 0  a= , b = 0  b – 4a = 0 – 4   = 9. Ans.
 4  4  4 

11. Let , ,  be the roots of x3 – Ax2 + Bx – C = 0 ...(1)

the roots of x3 + Px2 + Qx – 19 = 0 will be ( + 1), ( + 1), ( + 1)
 ( + 1) ( + 1) ( + 1) = 19  ( +  +  + 1) ( + 1) = 19
  +  +  +  +  +  +  + 1 = 19  C + B + A = 18 [using (1)].
12.  + 2 = 12x     = 4x    ()(2) = – f(x) – 64x 
  f(x) = – (32x2 + 64x)  f(x) = – 32(x2 + 2x)  f(x) = – 32((x + 1)2 – 1) 
  f(x)  32.  Maximum value of f(x) is 32 f(x)
13. Case-I : Both the roots are positive x2 + 2 (K – 1) x + (K + 5) = 0
(i) D0  4(K – 1)2 – 4 (K + 5)  0  (K + 1) (K – 4)  0

(ii) f(0) > 0   K+5>0    K>–5

b 2(1  k)
(iii) – >0  >0  K<1
2a 2

–5 –1 0 1 4
K  (– , – 1] ... (i)
Case-II : One root is +ve and other root is –ve f(0) < 0 k + 5 < 0  K < – 5 ... (ii)

b
Case-III : One root is zero and other is +ve f(0) = 0 & >0 K=–5 ... (iii)
2a

Union of all the three cases give K  (– , – 1] = (– , – b]  b = 1. Ans.

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 Quadratic Equation
14. case- I : Both roots are greater than 2.
or one root is 2 & other is greater than 2
D  0  (a – 3)2 – 4a 0  a2 – 10 a + 9  0 (a – 1) (a – 9)  0
a (–, 1] [9, ) ... (i)
–b a–b
 2  > 2  a>7 .. (ii)
2a 2
f(2)  0  4 – 2(a – 3) + a 0
– a + 10 0  a 10 ... (iii)
(i)(ii) (iii) gives
a [9, 10] ... (iv)

Case-II : One root is greater than 2

f(2) < 0   – a + 10 < 0
 a > 10   a (10, ) ....(v)
(iv)(v) gives final answer as a [9, )
 Least value of 7a is 63.

2
3 a a 1 3 1
15. =  (3b – 2a) (a – b) = (3 – 2)2 
2 b b 1 2 1
  5ab – 3b2 – 2a2 = 1

16. x3 – px2 + qx = 0 ...(1)

x(x2 – px + q) = 0; x = 0, x2 – px + q = 0  0, ,  are the roots of equation (1)

2 = p   = p/2 ...(2) & 2 = q ...(3)

Since  is the root of the equation x2 – ax + b = 0 also,
 2 – a + b = 0
a p
q– +b=0 [using (2) & (3)]  
2
ap
 ap = 2(b + q) 2 = .
qb

17. Given expression is f(x, y) = x3 – 3x2y + xy2 + y3 .....(i)

since (x – y) is a factor of (i) 
  x3 – 3x3 + x3 + x3 = 0  +  – 2 = 0 .....(ii)
(y – 2x) is also a factor of (i)
 x3 – 3x2 (2x) + x (4x2) + (8x3) = 0
 4+ 8– 5 = 0 .....(iii)
11 3
Solving (ii) & (iii) we get = and = –
4 4
16 16 11  3 
  4 =  4  = 4 – 3 = 1. Ans.
11 11 4  4 

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 Quadratic Equation
PART - III
1. p=0  2x2 – 4x – 0 = 0 two roots (A) Correct
p=1  0x2 – (0)x + 0 = 0 identity more than two roots (B) Not answer
p=2  0x2 – (–2)x + (–2) = 0  x = + 1 one root (C) Correct
p=4  6x2 – 0x – 12 = 0 two root (D) Correct

2. (A) S = 2 + 2 = a2 – 2b; P = 2 2 = b2

 equation is x – (a2 – 2b) x + b2 = 0
2

1 1 a 1 1 1
(B) S= + =– ,P= . =
  b   b
a 1
 x2 + x + = 0
b b
 bx2 + ax + 1 = 0
   2  2 a2  2b  
(C) S= + = = ;P= . =1
   b  
a2  2b
x2 – x+1=0  bx2 – (a2 – 2b) x + b = 0
b
(D) S=+–2=–a–2 ; P = ( – 1) ( – 1)
=  – ( + ) + 1 = b + a + 1 
   equation is x2 + (a + 2)x + (a + b + 1) = 0.

b c
3. ax2 + bx + c = 0 +  =  ,  = Ax2 + Bx + C = 0
a a

B C
( + ) + ( + ) = – , ( + ) ( + ) =  |(+ ) – ( + )| = |( – )|
A A

B2 4C b2 4c b2  4ac B2  4AC
  =   = Hence proved
A2 A a2 a a2 A2

4. 4x2 + 2x – 1 = 0 

  42 + 2 – 1 = 0 ....(1)
Let  = 43 – 3
with the help of equation (1)
(1  2)
 =  [42 – 3] = [1 – 2 – 3] = – 22 – 2 = –2 –2 [using (1)]
4
 = – – 1/2
 +  = – 1/2 which is given.
hence second root is 43 – 3.

5. x2 + 3x + 1 = (x – ) (x – ). Put x = 2  11 = (2 – ) (2 – ) option (B)

2 + 3 + 1 = 0, 2 + 3 + 1 = 0
2 = – (3 + 1), 2 = – (3 + 1)
 2
 2
2 2
= – 1, =–1  + = – 2 option (C).
3  1 3  1 3  1 3  1
2 2
      2 2 (3  1) (3  1)  (3  1)  (3  1)
  +  = + = + =
 1     1   1  2  2 1  2  2   

=
3(2  2 )  (  )
=

3 (  )2  2  (3) 
= 3 (7) – 3 = 18.
1 1

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 Quadratic Equation
6. Split 32 into sum of two primes 32 = 2 + 30 = 3 + 29 = 5 + 27 = 7 + 25 = 11 + 21 = 13 + 19.
32 = 2 + 30 = 3 + 29 = 5 + 27 = 7 + 25 = 11 + 21 = 13 + 19.

7. 2 – a( + 1) – b = 0 .......(i)

2 – a( + 1) – b = 0 .......(ii)
by (i) & (ii)
1 1 2 1 1 2
(A)  2  =   0 (hence A)
  a   a a  b a  b a  b a  b
2

(B) f(a) + a + b = –(a + b) + (a + b) = 0 (hence B)

f(b) + a + b = b2 – ab – a – b  0
 a  a2 a2 a  a2
(D) f  ab=  a   1  b  ab  0
2 4 4 2  4
8. Let (x) = x3 + bx2 + cx + d
b+c+d=0 ......(i)
4b + 2c + d = –4 ......(ii)
9b + 3c + d = –18 ......(iii)
by (i), (ii) and (iii) b = –5, c = 11, d = –6  f(x) = x3 – 5x2 + 11x – 6
Alter : f(x) = (x – 1)(x – 2)(x – 3) + x = x – 5x + 11x – 6 = x3 – (x – 1)(5x – 6)
2 3 2
3
6 6
 f(4) = (3)(2)(1) + 16 = 22 f    
5 5

Now f(x) = x3 x = 1 or
5
f(0) f(1) = (–6)(1) < 0 one root in (0, 1)

9. Case-I (i) x > 1 p(x) = x25 (x7 – 1) + x11(x7 – 1) + x3(x – 1) + 1 p(x) > 0 no root for x  (1, )
(ii) 0 < x < 1 p(x) = x32 + x18 (1 – x7) + x4 (x – x7) + (1 – x3) p(x) > 0 not root for (0, 1)
(iii) x = 1 ; P(x) = 1
hence no real root for x > 0
Case-II : for x < 0 let x = – is root ( > 0) p() = 32 + 25 + 18 + 11 + 4 + 3 + 1 p()  0
Hence no negative rootAll roots are imaginary
p(x) + p(–x) = 2(x32 + x18 + x4 + 1)  0 x  R Hence imaginary roots.


10. x2 + px + q = 0  +  = – p,  = q and p2 – 4q > 0  x2 – rx + s = .....(1)


Now  4 + 4 = r  4 + 4 = r , ()4 = s = q4  (2 +2)2 – 2()2 = r 

  [( + )2 – 2]2 – 222 = r (p2 – 2q)2 – 2q2 = r (p2 – 2q)2 = 2q2 + r > 0 .....(2)
Now, for x – 4qx + 2q – r = 0 
2 2

 D = 16q – 4(2q – r) by equation (2) = 8q + 4r = 4(2q2 + r) > 0 D > 0 two real and distinct roots
2 2 2

Product of roots = 2q2 – r = 2q2 – [(p2 – 2q)2 – 2q2] = 4q2 – (p2 – 2q)2 = – p2 (p2 – 4q) < 0 from (1)
So product of roots is – ve. hence roots are opposite in sign

11. ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0

Let ax3 + bx2 + cx + d  (x2 + x + 1) (Ax + B)

Roots of x2 + x + 1 = 0 are imaginary, Let these are , So the third root '' will be real.
b b ab
++=  –1 +  = =
a a a
d
Also  = . But  = 1
a
d
 =
a
 Ans are (A) & (D).

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 Quadratic Equation
12. If – 5 + i is a root then other root is – 5 – i and  = 0
 roots are – 5 + i, – 5 – i, – 5
Product of roots (25 + 2) (– 5) = – 860; 25 + 2 = 172; 2 = 147;  = ± 7 3
 roots are – 5 + 7i 3 , – 5 – 7i 3,–5
and c = – 5(– 5 + 7i) – 5 (– 5 – 7i 3 ) + (– 5 + 7i 3 ) (– 5 – 7i 3 )
c = 50 + (250 + 147) = 222.

13. f(x) > 0 x  R or f(x) < 0 x  R hence D < 0

its graph can be

(A) f(1) > 0 graph (i) will be possible

so f(x) > 0 x  R
(B) f(–1) < 0 graph (ii) will be possible so f(x) < 0 x  R
 1
(C) f    > 0 so f(x) < 0 x  R
 2
so not possible
(D) a > 0 c > 0 (graph (i))
a < 0 c < 0 (graph (ii))
in both cases ac > 0

14. f() = f() = f() = 0

hence f(x) has three real roots  possible graphs of f(x) are

or

 (x1 x2), (x2 x3) and (x3 x4) or  (x1 x3), (x2 x3) and (x2 x4)
hence A and D are correct
B is wrong as  (x3, x4)
C is wrong as  (x1, x2)

15. only A and C are correct as in these graphs

f() = f() = f() = f'(x1) = f'(x2) = 0
In option B f() < 0 and f() > 0 (can't be equal).
In option D f() > 0 and f() < 0 (can't be equal).
3 4 5 f(2 )   

16. f(x) = + +   f(x) = 0 has exactly one root in (2, 3).
x2 x3 x4 and 
f(3 )   

f(3 )   
again

 
and f(4 )   
 f(x) = 0 has exactly one root in (3, 4).

17.  D of x2 + 4x + 5 = 0 is less than zero

 both the roots are imaginary
 both the roots of quadratic are same
a b c
 b2 – 4ac < 0 & = = =k  
1 4 5
 a = k, b = 4k, c = 5k.

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 Quadratic Equation

18. x2 + abx + c = 0 ...(1)  +  = – ab,  = c


x2 + acx + b = ...(2)  +  = – ac,   = b

2 + ab  + c = 0
2 + ac  + b = 0
2  1 a (b2 – c 2 )
= = 2
= = – (b + c)
ab2 – ac 2 c–b a c – ab a(c – b)
c–b 1
& = =
a(c – b) a
1
 common root,  =
a
1
 – (b + c) =  a2 (b + c) = – 1
a2
Product of the roots of equation (1) & (2) gives
1 1
× = c   = ac & × = b   = ab.
a a
 equation having roots ,  is (, )
x2 – a (b + c) x + a2bc = 0
 a (b + c) x2 – a2 ( b + c)2 x + a.(b + c) a2bc = 0
a (b + c) x2 + (b + c) x – abc = 0.

19. S1 : 2x2 + 3x + 1 = 0
 D=9–4×1×1=1
Which is perfect square of a rational number
 roots will be rational. 
S2 :  Let f(x) = (x – a)(x – c) + 2(x – b) (x – d)
 f(a) > 0 f(b) < 0 f(c) < 0 f(d) > 0
 two real and distinct roots.
S3 : x2 + 3x + 5 = 0 .....(i) and ax2 + bx + c = 0 .....(ii)
for equation (i) , D < 0
 Roots are imaginary and they occur in conjugate pair
 Roots of equation (i) and (ii) will be identical
a b c
   = , (N)  a =, b = 3, c = 5  a + b + c = 9  least value is 9.
1 3 5

20. x2 + ax + 12 = 0 .....(1)
x2 + bx + 15 = 0 .....(2)
x2 + (a + b) x + 36 = 0 .....(3)
(1) + (2) – (3) gives x2 – 9 = 0  x = ± 3 given that common root will be +ve
so x = 3 put in equation (3) 9 + 3 (a + b) + 36 = 0  a + b = – 15
by equation (1) 9 + 3a + 12 = 0  a = – 7 & b = – 8

21. 4x3 + 3x + 2c = (4x + 2c)(x2 + x + 1)

1 1
compairing co-efficents  c = 1 and  = – or c = –1 and  = 
2 2
1 1
  c+= or –
2 2

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 Quadratic Equation

PART - IV :
1. x2 + 2xy + 2y2 + 4y + 7 = (x + y)2 + (y + 2)2 + 3  0 + 0 + 3  Least value = 3.
2
 3 7 7
2. P(x) = 4x2 + 6x + 4 = 4  x     P(x) = 
 4 4 4
2
 3
Q(y) = 4y2 – 12y + 25 = 4  y    16  Q(y)  16
 2
p(x).Q(y)  28 but it is given P(x).Q(y) = 28 p(x).Q(y)  28 P(x).Q(y) = 28
7
 P(x) = & Q(y) = 16
4
3 3 3 ( 3) 33 39 72
 x= , y = ; 11y – 26x = 11 × – 26 =  = = 36. Ans.
4 2 2 4 2 2 2

(3 & 4)
Let the coordinates of A(, 0), B(2, 0), C(0, 2). Now y = x2 + bx + c passes through C(0, 2)
 given equation of curve reduces to y = x2 + bx + 2Now it also passes through A & B
 0 = 2 + b + 2  0 =  + b + 2 ..... (i)
& 0 = 42 + 2b + 2  0 = 2 + b + 1 ..... (ii)
On solving (i) & (ii) for  & b we get  = 1, b = – 3
 given curve is y = x2 – 3x + 2
3. roots of y = 0 are {2, 1}
4. ( + )  3 (  = 2,  = 1)   – )  1
 equation whose roots are 3, 1 is x2 – 4x + 3 = 0

(5 to 7)
x4 – x2 + 9 = 0  x2 = t 0  f(t) = t2 – t + 9 = 0

5. given equation has four real & distinct roots

–b 
D > 0  2 – 36 > 0 > 0    > 0
2a 2
f (0) > 0  9>0
 (6,)

6. Equation has no real roots.

–b
case-I D 0 2 – 36  
2a
 < 0 f (0) > 0  
 9 > 0.
   (– , – 6]

case-II D < 0 
  2 – 36 < 0  
 (– 6, 6)
union of both cases gives  (– , 6) 

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 Quadratic Equation
7. Equation has only two real roots
case-I f (0) < 0 9 < 0
–b
which is false case-II f (0) = 0 and <0
2a
 No solution  Final answer is 

10 1 1  1
8. Divide by x2 x2 – 10x + 26 – + 2 = 0 x2 + 2 – 10  x  x  + 26 = 0
x x x  
1 1
t=x+  t2 – 2 = x2 + t2 – 2 – 10t + 26 = 0  t2 – 10t + 24 = 0
x x2
1
t=4 x+ =4  x2 – 4x + 1 = 0  x=2± 3
x
1
t=6 x+ =6  x2 – 6x + 1 = 0  x=3±2 2.
x

9. By trail x = 1 is a root divide by x – 1 x = 1,

1 5 9 9 5 1
1
 1 4 5 4 1
1 4 5 4 1 0
(x – 1)(x4 – 4x + 5x – 4x + 1) = 0
3 2  x=1 or x4 – 4x3 + 5x2 – 4x + 1 = 0
4 1 1 1
x2 – 4x + 5 –  2 =0  t=x+  t2 = x2 + 2 + 2
x x x x
1 1
t2 – 2 – 4t + 5 = 0  t2 – 4t + 3 = 0  x+ = 1, x + =3
x x
1 i 3 3 5
x2 – x + 1 = 0, x2 – 3x + 1 = 0  x= ,x=
2 2
1 i 3 3  5
 roots 1, , .
2 2
4 1 1  1
10. Divide by x3  x3 – 4x + – 3 = 0; x3 – – 4 x  = 0
x x 3
x  x
1 1 1 1  1 1
Put t=x–  t3 = x3 – 3x2 + 3x 2 – 3 = x3 – 3  x   – 3
x x x x  x x
1
t3 + 3t = x3 –
x3
Put in equation above t3 + 3t – 4t= 0
 t3 – t = 0
 t = 0, 1, –1
t3 + 3t – 4t= 0
 t3 – t = 0
 t = 0, 1, –1
1 1 1
x – = 0, x – = 1, x – = – 1; x = ± 1, x2 – x – 1 = 0,
x x x
x2 + x – 1 = 0
1 5 1  5
x = ± 1, x = ,x = .
2 2

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 Quadratic Equation
EXERCISE # 3
PART - I
1. (i) x2 – 8kx + 16(k2 – k + 1) = 0  D = 64 (k2 – (k2 – k + 1)) = 64 (k – 1) > 0
 k>1 .......(1)
b 8k
(ii) – >4  >4  k > 1 .......(2)
2a 2
(iii) f(4)  0
  16 – 32k + 16 (k2 – k + 1)  0   k2 – 3k + 2  0
  (k – 2) (k – 1)  0  k  1 or k  2 .......(3)
(1)  (2)  (3). Hence k = 2

2. Product = 1
 2  2 (  )2  2
Sum = =
 
Since 3 + 3 = q  – p (2 + 2 – ) = q
q q
(( + )2 – 3 ) = –  p2 + = 3
p p
 2 2  p3  q  
p     3p
 3  p   p3  2q
Hence sum = =
(p3  q) p3  q
 p3  2q 
so the equation x2 –  3 
 p  q 
x+1=0 (p3 + q) x2 – (p3 – 2q)x + (p3 + q) = 0
 

3. x2 – 6x – 2 = 0 having roots and   2 – 6– 2 = 0

 10 – 69 – 28 = 0  10 – 28 = 69 .... (i)
similarly 10 – 28 = 69 .... (ii)
by (i) and (ii)
a10 – 2a8
(10 – 10) – 2(8 – 8) = 6 (9 – 9)  a10 – 2a8 = 6a9  =3
2a9
Aliter
10  10  2(8  8 ) 10  10  (8  8 ) 9 (  )  9 (  )  6
= = = = =3
2(   )
9 9
2(   )
9 9
2(   )
9 9 2 2

x 2  bx  1  0
x2  x  b  0 b2  1 (b  1)
4.  x =   (b2+1)(1–b) =(b+1)2
x2 x 1 (b  1) 1 b
 
b  1 1  b 1  b
2

 b2 –b3 + 1– b = b2 + 2b +1  b3 + 3b = 0  b = 0; b2 = –3  b = 0  3 i ,

5. p(x) will be of the form ax2 + c. Since it has purely imaginary roots only.
Since p(x) is zero at imaginary values while ax2 + c takes real value only at real 'x', no root is real.
Also p(p(x)) = 0
 p(x) is purely imaginary  ax2 + c = purely imaginary
Hence x can not be purely imaginary since x2 will be negative in that case and ax2 + c will be real.
Thus .(D) is correct.

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 Quadratic Equation
1 1 5 2  1
6. (x1 + x2)2 – 4x1x2 < 1 – 4 < 1 5 – >0 >0
2 2 2
+ – – +
1 0 1
 1   1 
5 5   ,   ,  ...(1)
 5  5 
 1 1
D > 0 1 – 42 > 0    ,  ...(2)
 2 2
 1 1   1 1 
(1) & (2)    ,   , 
 2 5  5 2

2sec   4 sec 2  – 4
7. x2 – 2xsec + 1 = 0  x = x = sec + tan , sec – tan 1 = sec – tan
2
–2 tan   4 tan2   4
now x2 + 2x tan– 1 = 0  x =  x = – tan ± sec  2 = (sec – tan)
2
 2 = – (sec + tan)
  1 + 2 = – 2 tan
2sec   4 sec 2  – 4
Alt : (i) x2 –2x sec + 1 = 0 x = = sec ± tan
2
1 = sec – tan 1 = sec + tan
– tan   4 tan2   4
 (ii) x2 + 2x tan – 1 = 0  x =
2
x = –tan ± sec 2 = –tan + sin 2 = –tan – sec 1 + 2 = –2tan

8. As  and  are roots of equation x2 – x –1 = 0, we get : – – 1 = 0  + 1

– – 1 = 0   + 1
a11 + a10= p11 + q+ p+ q= p10 (+1) + q10 ( +1) = p10  + q = p12  q=a12 

9. an+2 = an+1 + an a4 = a3 + a2 = 3a1 + 2a0 = 3p+ 3q+ 2(p + q)

 1 5   
As  
1 5
, 
1 5
, we get a4 = 3p   3q 1  5  + 2p + 2q = 28
2 2  2   2 
   
 3p 3q 
    2p  2q  28   0 …….(i)
 2 2 
3p 3q
and   0 …………….(ii)
2 2
p = q (from (ii)) 7p = 28(from (i) and (ii))
p = 4 q = 4p + 2q = 12 

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 Quadratic Equation
 n1  n1  n1  n1  n1( 2  1)  n1(2  1)
10. (A) bn = an+1 + an–1 =  =
     
 5  5  n1 5  5 
 n1   
 n1(  2)  n1(  2)  2   2 
= =    
   
 5  1  
5 n1   5 n1 5  1 
 2   2 
 = 5 (   ) = n + n
n n
=      –  5
   
 
 n n
     
  
bn 10 10
(B)       =  = 
n
 
10  
10   10   10 
n1 10 1 1
10 10
10(  )  2 10  2 12
= = 
100  10(  )   89 89
   
1  10 

 n  n 10  1     
 
an
(C)  = = 
n
(  )10n          10   10   
n1 10  1 1 
 10 10 
1 (10(  )     ) 10
= . = Option (C) is correct.
   100  10(  )   89
(1   n ) (1  n )

   (1   )
i i
(1  )
(D) a1 + a2 + …..an = ai = =
   
(  1)(1   n )  (  1)(1  n )  2   n  2   2  n  2 5  n  2   n  2
= = = = –1 + an+2
(1  )(1  )(   ) (1  )(1  )(   ) 

PART - II
1. Let the correct equation be ax2 + bx + c = 0 ax2 + bx + c = 0

now sachin’s equation  ax2 + bx + c = 0

Rahul’s equation  ax2 + b x + c = 0

b c
– =7 ........ (i) =6 ........ (ii)
a a
from (i) and (ii)
correct equation is x2 – 7x + 6 = 0 roots are 6 and 1. x2 – 7x + 6 = 0
2. P(x) = 0  f(x) = g(x)  ax2 + bx + c = a1x2 + b1x + C,  (a – a1) x2 + (b – b1) x + (c – c1) = 0.
It has only one solution x = – 1
 b – b1 = a – a1 + c – c1 .... (1)
b – b1
vertex (–1, 0)  =–1
2(a – a1 )
 b – b1 = 2(a – a1) .... (2)
 f(–2) – g(–2) = 2 4a – 2b + c – 4a1 + 2b1 – c1 = 2
 4(a – a1) – 2(b – b1) + (c – c1) = 2 .... (3)
1
by (1), (2) and (3)s (a – a1) = (c – c1) = (b – b1) = 2
2

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 Quadratic Equation
NowP(2) = f(2) – g(2) = 4 (a – a1) + 2 (b – b1) + (c – c1) = 8 + 8 + 2 = 18
3. Let esinx = t  t2 – 4t – 1 = 0
4  16  4
 t=
2
 t = esinx = 2 ± 5
  esin x = 2 – 5 , esin x = 2 + 5  
 esin x 2 – 5 < 0, 
  sinx = ln(2 + 5)>1 so rejected so rejected hence no solution

4. x2 + 2x + 3 = 0 ...(i)
ax2 + bx + c = 0 ...(ii)
Since equation (i) has imaginary roots.
So equation (ii) will also have both roots same as (i).
a b c
Thus    a = , b = 2, c = 3 Hence 1 : 2 : 3
1 2 3

5. a2 = 3{x}2 – 2{x} [ x – [x] = {x}]

Let {x} = t  t  (0, 1) As x is not an integer
 2  2
 a2 = 3t2 – 2t f(t) = 3t  t     a2 = 3t  t  
 3  3
2
Clearly by graph   a2  1
3
 a  (–1, 1) – {0} (As x  integer) Ans. (3)
Note : It should have been given that the solution exists else answer will be a  R – {0}

1 1  q
6. px2 + qx + r = 0 ; p, q, r  A.P. ; 2q = p + r  =4; =4  =4
   r
q = – 4r ..... (i)
 –8r = p + r
p = – 9r ..... (ii)

q2 4r
|–| = (  )2  4 = 2
 by (i) and (ii)
p p

q  4pr
2
16r 2  36r 2 2 13
= = =
|p| | 9r | 9
7. x2 – 6x – 2 = 0 an = n – n
a10  2a8 10  10  2(8  8 ) 8 (2  2)  8 (2  2) 69  69    6
 = = = =3 Ans. (3)
2a9 2(9  9 ) 2(9  9 ) 2(9  9 ) 2 2

8. For rational roots D must be perfect squareD = 121–24= k2 for 121 – 24 to be perfect square
 must be equal to 3, 4, 5 (observation) so number of possible values of  is 3.
2
    m(m  4)  2
9. Let roots are  & now   1    1 2 + 2 =  (+)2 = 3    3. 3m2
    3m
2

m2 – 8m –2 = 0 m = 4 ± 3 2 so least value of m = 4 – 3 2
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 Quadratic Equation

HIGH LEVEL PROBLEMS (HLP)

(x  2 )(x  3 )......(x  n ) (x  1)(x  3 )......(x  n )

1. 13 +  32 + ..........
(1  2 )(1  3 )......(  n ) (2  1 )(2  3 )......(  2  n )
(x  1 )(x  2 )......(x  n1)
........+ n3 – x3 = 0
(n  1 )(n  2 )......(n  n1 )
 1, 2 ....n are roots of above relation whose degree appeared as (n–1)
 above relation is indentify

2. a2x2 + (b2 + a2 – c2) x + b2 = 0 ......(1)

 a + b > c a + b – c > 0 ......(2)
and |a – b| < c  a–b–c<0 .......(3)
and a–b+c>0 .......(4)
Discriminant of equation (1) i.e. D = (b2 + a2 – c2)2 – 4a2b2 = (b2 + a2 – c2 – 2ab) (b2 + a2 – c2 + 2ab)
= {(a – b)2 – c2} {(a + b)2 – c2}
= (a – b + c) (a – b – c) (a + b + c) (a + b – c) < 0 (using (2), (3), (4))
D<0
 roots are not real.
1 4 4 1 1
3. – + – <
x  1 x  2 x  3 x  4 30
–3 4 1
  
x – 5x  4 x – 5x  6
2 2 30
Let x2 – 5x = y
4 3 1
 – <
y6 y4 30
y 2  20y  84
 >0
(y  6)(y  4)
  y  (– , – 6)  (–4, 6)  (14, )
Now (i) if y  (–, –6)
 x2 – 5x < –6.
 x  (2, 3)
(ii) if y  (–4, 6)  –4 < x2 – 5x < 6
 x  (–1, 1)  (4, 6)
(iii) if y  (14, )  x2 – 5x > 14
 x  (– , – 2)  (7, )
 final answer is x  (– , – 2) (–1, 1)  (2, 3)  (4, 6)  (7, )

4. Let the three numbers in G.P. be a, ar, ar2

 a + b + c = xb
a c
+1+ =x b = ar, c = ar2
b b
 r2 + (1 – x )r + 1 = 0 ........(1)
r is real  for (1) D  0
 (1 – x) – 4 0
2

  x2 – 2x –3  0
 x  –1 or x  3
Note: If we put x = – 1 and x = 3 in (1) we get r = – 1 and r = 1 respectively which is not possible
because in both cases the three numbers will not be distinct therefore x < – 1 or x > 3
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 Quadratic Equation
5. Vn + Vn–3 = (n + n) + (n–3 + n–3) = n–3(3 + 1) + n–3(3 + 1)
2 +  – 1 = 0


 3 + 1 = (2 +  – 1)( – 1) + 2 = 2
also 3 + 1 = 2  Vn + Vn–3 = n–3(2) + n–3(2) = 2[n–2 + n–2] = 2Vn–2
V1 =  +  = –1; V2 = 2 + 2 = ( + )2 – 2 = 1 – 2(–1) = 3
Vn = 2Vn–2 – Vn–3  V7 = 2V5 – V4 = 2[2V3 – V2] – (2V2 – V1) = 4V3 – 2V2 – 2V2 + V1
= 4[2V1 – V0] – 4V2 + V1 = 9V1 – 4V0 – 4V2 = 9{[–1]} – 4[2] – 4[3] = –9 – 8 – 12 = –29
6. f(x) = x2 – (m – 3) x + m > 0 x  [1, 2]. Here D = (m – 3)2 – 4m = m2 – 10m + 9 = (m – 1) (m – 9)
All possible graphs are

Case 1 :

D<0 m  (1, 9)

Case 2 :

(i) f(1) > 0  4 > 0 always true

b
(ii) – <1  m<5
2a
(iii) D  0  m  (–, 1] [9, )
 (i)  (ii)  (iii), we get m  (– , 1]

Case 3 :

(i) f(2) > 0  m < 10

 b
(ii) 2  m>7
2a
(iii) D0  m  (–  , 1]  [9, ) 
  (i)  (ii)  (iii), we get m  [9, 10)
Now final Answer is (Case 1)  (Case 2)  (Case 3) we get m  (– , 10)

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 Quadratic Equation

7. Let f(x) = ax2 + (a – 2) x – 2  f(0) = –2 and f(–1) = 0

Since the quadratic expression is negative for exactly two integral values
 f(1) < 0 and f(2)  0
 a+a–2–2<0 and 4a + 2a – 4 – 2  0
 a<2 and a1
 a  [1, 2)

8. (i) when x < a  x2 + 2a (x – a) – 3a2 = 0  (x + a)2 = 6a2

x = – a ± 6a = – a (1  6 ) , – a. Since a  0, then x = – a (1  6 )
when x  a then x2 – 2a(x – a) – 3a2 = 0 x = a ± 2a = a( (1  2) , a (1  2)
since a  0, x  a
 x = a (1  2) Hence x = a ( 6  1) , a (1  2)
1   
3 2
 1  1  1  1  2 1 
(iii)  x     x   = 0   x     x    1 = 0   x  x   x  2  3 = 0
 x  x  x   x     x 
 
 No real value of x.  Number of real roots = 0

9.   ,  are the roots of x2 – 34x + 1 = 0  +  = 34 and  = 1

2
 1 1 
 4  4  =    – 2 ()1/4   = 1
 
 
2
 1 1 
  4  4  =   –2 ........(1)
 
 

   
2
 =  +  + 2   +  = 34 and  = 1

   
2
 = 36    we consider the principal value
2
 1 1 
    = 6 put in (1), we get.   4  4  = 4
 
 
1 1
  4  4 = ±2 Ans.
2
 x2  x  2   x2  x  2 
 a  3  2
 x  x  1  
10. The equation can be rewritten as  2   a  4  0
 x  x 1
   
2
x2  x  2 1  1 3
Let = t or t = 1 + since x2 + x + 1=  x   +
x2  x  1 x  x 1
2
 2 4
3  7
Therefore (x2 + x + 1) >  t   1,  Now given equation reduces to t2 - (a - 3) t + (a - 4) = 0
4  3

 7 a  3   a  3 2  4  a  4 
Atleast one root of the equation must lie in  1,  Now,t =  t = a – 4, 1
 3 2

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 Quadratic Equation
 7 7 19
For one root to lie in  1,  we must have 1 < a – 4 <  5 < a <
 3  3 3

11. Let roots be   = –14(q2 + 1). Clearly, q2 + 1 is not multiple of 7
 are integers clearly one of  or  is multiple of 7
 = –7; which is possible if  are both multiple of 7. Hence  are not integers.

12. Let x2 = t > 0, for only real solution. Again let f(t) = t2 – (a2 – 5a + 6) t – (a2 – 3a + 2)
f(0) > 0  a2 – 3a + 2 < 0 a [1, 2] – b/2a > 0  a2 – 5a + 6 > 0  (a – 2) (a – 3)
>0  a   ,2  3,   

So possible 'a' from above two conditions are a = 1, 2. Now condition for D = ((a – 2) (a – 3))2 + 4(a – 1)
(a – 2) > 0 is also satisfied by these two possible values of a. So required value of 'a' are 1, 2
b1 c1
13. are the roots of a1x2 + b1x + c1 = 0  =  and =
a1 a1
c1  b1  a1 a1  b1  c1
1 ++ =  1   1  = ....................(1)
a1 a1
a2  b2  c 2
Similarly 1   1    = ....................(2)
a2
a3  b3  c 3
1   1   = ....................(3)
a3

Multiplying (1), (2) & (3), we get 1    1    1    =

2 2 2  a1  b1  c1   a2  b2  c 2   a3  b3  c 3 
a1 a2 a3
1
  2

3
 ai  bi  ci  
 1   1  1   = 

i1

 ai


 
1
  2

3
 ai  bi  ci  
 1 +                = 

 i1

 ai


 
1
 3  2
 a b c 
                 =   i i i
 i1  ai  

–1
 
14. On putting the value of p, q and r in given equation we have
2x3 - (a1 + a2 ........+ a6)x2 + (a1a3 + a3a5 .......+ a6a2)x - (a1a3a5 + a2a4 a6) = 0

x 3
  a1  a3  a5  x2   a1a3  a3a5  a5a1  x  a1a3a5 +
x 3
  a2  a4  a6  x2   a2a4  a4a6  a6a2  x  a2a4a6  =0
  x  a1  x  a3  x  a5    x  a2  x  a4  x  a6   0

Let f(x) =  x  a1  x  a3  x  a5    x  a2  x  a4  x  a6 
Now f(a ) =  a1  a2  a1  a4  a1  a6  > 0 ;
1
f(a ) =  a2  a1  a2  a3  a2  a5 
2
<0

f(a3) =  a3  a2  a3  a4  a3  a6  < 0 ; f(a4) =  a4  a1  a4  a3  a4  a5  > 0

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 Quadratic Equation
f(a5) =  a5  a2  a5  a4  a5  a6  > 0 ; f(a6) = a6  a1 a6  a3 a6  a5  < 0
From above results it is clear that there are three real roots lying in the intervals (a 1, a2), (a3,a4) and
(a5, a6)

b2 4c b2  4ac
15. Let A1, A2 are the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0, then (A1 – A2)2 = (A1 + A2)2 – 4A1A2 = 2
 =
a a a2

   
2
Using same result for x2 + 2bx + c = 0    cos     sin  2 2
= 4b2 – 4c

cos 
2
 2
  sin2  = 4b2 – 4c  cos2 2 = 4(b2  c) .....................(i)

   cos      sin   = 4B 1 4C = 4B – 4C
2 2
Similarly for X2 + 2BX + C = 0  4 4 2

cos   sin cos   sin   = 4(B – C)

2
 2 2 2 2 2

 cos2 2 = 4(B2 – C) .....................(ii)

 from (i) & (ii)
B2 – C = b2 – c; B2 – b2 = C–c Hence Proved.

16. (x2 + x)2 + a(x2 + x) + 4 = 0. Let x2 + x = t then x2 + x – t = 0 xR

 1 
D0  1 + 4t  0  t   ,   ....(1)
 4 
Now f(t) = t2 + at + 4 = 0
(i) all four real and distinct roots
(A) D>0
(B) f(– 1/4) > 0
b 1
(C) – >–
2a 4
(A) D>0  a2 – 16 > 0  |a| > 4
1 a
(B) f(–1/4) = – +4>0  a < 65/4
16 4
b a 1 1
(C) – =– >–  a<  a  (– , –4)
2a 2 4 2

(ii) Two real roots which are distinct

f(– 1/4) < 0  a > 65/4  a  (65/4, )

(iii) all four roots are imaginary

Case-(i) (A) D  0  |a|  4
65
(B) f(–1/4) > 0 a <
4
b 1 1
(C) – <– a>
2a 4 2

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 Quadratic Equation

 65 
a  4, 4 
 

Case-(ii) D<0  a  (–4, 4) ...(i)

 65 
taking union of both conditions mentioned by graph of case-(i) and case-(ii) a   4 ,
 4 
(iv) four real roots in which two are equal
b 1
(A) D>0 (B) f(–1/4) = 0 (C) – >–
2a 4
1
(A) |a| > 4 (B) a = 65/4 (C) a <
2
No common solution  a  

   

17. (x2 + bx + c).P(x) = 3x4 + 18 x2 + 75  (x2 + bx + c).Q(x) = 3x4 + 4 x2 + 28x + 5
equation (i) – (ii) (x + bx + c)P(x) – Q(x) = 14x – 28 x + 70 = 14(x2 – 2x + 5)
2 2

x2 + bx + c = x2 – 2x + 5. hence f(x) = x2 – 2x + 5.

18. Because discrminent of x2 + (2–a) x + 3 = 0 is negative so

x2 + (2–a) x + 3 = 0 has both imaginary roots
 both the equation have two common roots
Now, roots of equation x2 + (2–a) x + 3 = 0 are roots of (ax4 + bx3+x2+(3–a) x+3)–(x2 + (2–a) x + 3) = 0
 roots of equation x2 + (2–a)x + 3 = 0 are roots of ax4 + bx3 + x = 0
 roots of equation x2 + (2–a)x + 3 = 0 are roots of ax3 + bx2 + 1 = 0
 roots of equation x2 + (2–a)x + 3 = 0 are roots of (ax3 + bx2 +1) – (ax(x2+(2–a) x + 3)) = 0
 roots of equation x2 + (2–a) x + 3 = 0 and (b –2a + a2) x2 – 3ax + 1 = 0 are same
b  2a  a2 2a 3 1 11
 = = a=  and b = 
1 3a 1 4 48
 |a + 12b| = 3

19.  = 22 ......(1)  +  = 2 + 2 ......(2)

From (1),  = 0 or  = 1
Case 1 : If  = 0 then we have following possibilities
(i) If = 0 then from (2),  = 0 or  = 1
(ii) If  = 0 then from (2), = 0 or  = 1
  from (i) and (ii) we can say that roots are  = 0,  = 0 or  = 0,  = 1
  Required quadratic equations are x2 = 0 or x2 – x = 0
Case 2 : If  = 1 then from (2) we get  +  = 2 + 2 = ( +)2 – 2   = 1
   +  = – 1, 2 So the required quadratic equations are x + x + 1 = 0
2

and x2 – 2x + 1 = 0  four equations are possible.

20. Let y = Q(x) y2 = x  P  

y2 = 0
5
 y  2 2 = – y – 3.  y5 + 10y4 + 40y3 + 79y2 + 74y + 23 = 0.
5

 Q( ) =
constant term
(i) i  = –23
i 1 co  efficient of y5

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 Quadratic Equation
5
coefficent of y 4
(ii) 
i 1
Q(i ) = 
coefficent of y 5
= –10

coefficent of y 3
(iii)   Q( ) Q( ) = coefficent of y
1  i  j 5
i j 5
= 40

2
5  5 
(iv) 
Q ( i ) = 
2
 
Q(i )  – 2
 
Q(i)Q(j) = (–10)2 – 2(40) = 100 – 80 = 20
i 1  i 1  1i j5

21. (abc2) x2 + x (3a2c + b2c) – (6a2 + ab – 2b2) = 0 for roots to be rational D should be perfect square
D = (3a2c + b2c)2 + 4[abc2] (6a2 + ab – 2b2) = c2 [9a4 + b4 + 10a2b2 + 24a3b – 8ab3]
= c2 (3a2 – b2 + 4ab)2 = [c(3a2 – b2 + 4ab)]2

22.  = (a2 + b2 + c2)2 – 4(a2b2 + b2c2 + c2a2) = a4 + b4 + c4 – 2a2b2 – 2b2c2 – 2c2a2

= a4 + b4 + c4 – 2a2b2 – 2b2c2 + 2c2a2 – 4c2a2 = (a2 + c2 – b2)2 – 4c2a2
= (a2 + c2 – b2 – 2ac) (a2 + c2 – b2 – 2ac) = [(a – c)2 – b2][(a + c)2 – b2]
a + c > b and |a – c| < b (a, b, c are sides of a )
 (a – c)2 < b2 and (a + c)2 > b2   = –ve roots are imaginary.

23. ax2 + bx + c = 0 has roots x1

and – ax2 + bx + c = 0 has root x2
and 0 < x1 < x2
Let f(x) = ax2 + 2bx + 2c = 0
 f(x1) f(x2) < 0
L.H.S. = (ax12 + 2bx1 + 2c) (ax22 + 2bx2 + 2c)
[ax12 + 2(–ax12)] [ax22 + 2(ax22)]
(–ax12) (3ax22) = – 3a2x12 x22 < 0
 f(x1) f(x2) < 0 Hence proved.

24. Clearly the graph of y = x4 – 4x – 1 is

 no of positive real roots = 1

Aliter
dy d2 y dy
y = x4 – 4x – 1; = 4x3 – 4; 2 = 12x2 when = 0, then x = 1
dx dx dx
d2 y
= 12 > 0. so x = 1 is a minima point so by graph, number of positive real roots = 1
dx 2 x 1

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 Quadratic Equation
25. Since the given equation has distinct roots
 D > 0   16 + 4 (1 – k2) > 0  k2 < 5, also k –1
If k = –1we will get only one solution, but we want two solutions
 k2 < 5, k –1

 b 
26. Since ,  = and 2 = b2 – 4ac either 2a +  = – b and 2a –  = – b
2a
or 2a +  = – b + 2and 2a –  = – b – 2
 Sum of roots of required equation = – 2b
And product of roots = b2 or b2 – 42 = – 3b2 + 16ac
 Required equation is either x2 + 2bx + b2 = 0 or x2 + 2bx – 3b2 + 16ac = 0
27. Given equation can be Expressed as
e (x –) (x –– e) + e(x – e) (x –– e) + ( + ee) (x – e) (x – ) = 0
Let f(x) = e(x – ) (x –– e) + e(x – e) (x –– e) + ( + ee) (x – e) (x –)
 f(e) = e (e – ) (–) > 0
and f() = e(– e) (–e) < 0; hence given equation has a real root in (e, )
again f(+ e) = (+ ee) . e > 0
  + e > It concluds it has a real root in (, + e)
also  –e<e
Hence f(x) has two real roots in (– e, + e)

28. Call roots as – 2,  + i,  – i

Sum of roots 0 = – a ...........(1)
Sum of products taken two at a time
– 2( + i) – 2( – i) + 2 + 2 = b ........(2)
Product of roots
– 2(2 + 2) = 316 ........(3)
 (2 + 2) = –2 × 79
Case-I :  = –1, 2 +  2 = 158
 2 = 157 not multiple of 3
Rejected
Case-II :  = –2, 2 +  2 = 79  2 = 75 = 3 × 25   = ±5 3
 Roots are 4, –2 ± 5 3  – a = 4 + (– 2 + 5 3 ) + (– 2 – 5 3 ) = 0
b = 4(– 2 + 5 3 ) + (– 2 + 5 3 ) (– 2 – 5 3 ) + 4 (– 2 – 5 3 ) = – 16 + 4 + 75 = 63.
29_.

y=9
y=5

–2 –1  +1 +2

(1) (2) (3) (4)
f(x) –5 = a(x – 1) (x – 2) (x – 3) (x – 4)
Let at x = , f() = 9 then
f() – 5 = a( – 1) ( – 2) ( – 3) ( – 4) = 9 – 5 = 4
  – 1 = 2,  – 3 = –1,  – 2 = 1,  – 4 = –2 and a = 1
 1 =  – 2, 4 =  + 2, 2 =  – 1,3 =  + 1
 f(x) = (x –  + 2) (x –  – 2) (x –  – 1) (x –  + 1) + 5
 f(x) = ((x – )2 – 4)((x – )2 – 1) + 5
 f(x) = (x – )4 – 5(x – )2 + 9
 f(x + ) = x4 – 5x2 + 9
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 Quadratic Equation
 f() = 9 and f ’(x + ) = 4x3 – 10x
 f ‘ () = 0

30. (xy – 7)2 = x2 + y2  (xy – 6)2 + 13 = (x + y)2 (x + y – xy + 6) (x + y + xy – 6) = 13

Case-I x + y + xy – 6 = 13; x + y – xy + 6 = 1
On solving (x, y)  (4, 3), (3, 4)
Case-II x + y + xy – 6 = 1; x + y – xy + 6 = 13
On solving (x,)  (0, 7), (7, 0)
In all other cases negative solutions are obtained
hence solution set is (3, 4) (4, 3), (7, 0), (0, 7)
 Sum of all possible values of x is 3 + 4 + 7 + 0 = 14. Ans.

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