Lab2: IoT devices configuration

1. Things and Components available in Packet Tracer

In addition to classical network devices such as routers and switches available in the previous
versions, Packet Tracer 7.2 Components Box now contains a wide variety of Smart Things and
components :

 Smart Things are physical objects that can connect to the Registration Server or Home
Gateway through a network interface. They are separated into 4 subcategories : Home,
Smart City, Industrial, and Power Grid.
 Components are physical objects that connect to microcontroller (MCU-PT) or single
boarded computers (SBC-PT). They typically does not have a network interface and rely on
the MCU-PT or SBC-PT for network access. These are simple devices that only communicate
through their analog or digital slots.
There are three subcategories for Components :

 Boards: microcontrollers (MCU-PT), single boarded computers (SBC-PT), and a special

device called Thing which are used to create self-contained physical objects like coffee
makers or smoke alarms.
 Actuators: these components manipulate the Environment, themselves, or the area around
them.
 Sensors: these components sense the Environment (photo detectors, temperature sensor),
the area around them (RFID, metal sensor), or interactions (potentiometer, push button).
MQTT protocol and applications was added in Packet Tracer 7.1 to improve communications
between IoT devices

2. IoE registration server

The IoE Things can directly register on a Home Gateway or on a Server device configured with
the IoE service.

The Home Gateway provides 4 ethernet ports as well as a wireless access point configured with
the "HomeGateway" ssid on channel 6. WEP / WPA-PSK / WPA2 enterprise can be configured
to secure wireless connections. The picture below shows 4 IOE Things attached to a Home
Gateway The Home Gateway is connected to the Internet through it's Internet WAN ethernet
port.

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The IoE Things can be remotely managed through a web interface hosted by the Home
Gateway. The Home Gateway internal (LAN) IP address is 192.168.25.1 but it can also be
accessed through it's Internet facing IP address (not configured in this lab, configuration done
with a wifi connected laptop). The following screenshot displays the status of the 4 IOE Thngs
connected to the gateway.

Home Gateway login (web) : admin

Home Gateway password : admin

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IoE components in Packet Tracer 7.1.1
3. Connecting IoE components
As they don't have ethernet interface, IoE components can't be directly connected to the Home
Gateway. These smaller sensors or actuators are connected to a microcontrollers (MCU-PT)
card. The MCU-PT is connected to the gateway which only sees the microcontroller board but
not the IoE components. The Home Gateway relies on the remote control API eventually
programmed on the MCU-PT to get the sensor's status.

Real world MCU are for example Arduino boards like the Arduino Yún Shield

4. Programming IoE components

An IoE programming editor is included in the Home Gateway web interface. It allows Javascript
or Python programming of the MCU-PT microcontroller. Code is programmed through the web
interface and then published to the MCU board. The following sample code makes the led
connected to the digital0 port blink.

function setup() {
pinMode(1, OUTPUT);
Serial.println("Blinking");
}
function loop() {
digitalWrite(0, HIGH);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(0, LOW);
delay(500);
}

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As you can see on the screenshot below, Packet Tracer 7.1.1 emulates Arduino integrated
development environment (IDE) for IoT objects programming.

5. Things interacting with Packet Tracer 7.1.1 simulated environment

Packet Tracer 7.0 introduced dynamic environent management (temperature, gas, pressure,
light, ...) to make IoT device simulation more realistic. Many devices or Things affect or respond
to the environment in Packet Tracer : a Fire Sprinkler will raise the water level and humidity in
a container, an old car will increase various gases and ambient temperature when turned on,
a smoke detector can be used to trigger an alarm when the smoke in environment increases to
a certain point...

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The table below lists all the things available in Packet Tracer 7.0 and their behaviors with
respect to the simulated environment :

Thing Icon Environment Behavior

ATM Pressure Sensor Detects the Atmospheric Pressure and

displays it.

The default detection range is from 0 to

110 kPa.

Carbon Dioxide Detector Detects Carbon Dioxide.

Carbon Monoxide Detects Carbon Monoxide.

Detector

Door Affects Argon, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon

Dioxide, Hydrogen, Helium, Methane,
Nitrogen, O2, Ozone, Propane, and Smoke.
When the door is opened, those gases will
decrease to a maximum of 2% in total
change.

When the door is opened, the rate of

transference for Humidity and
Temperature is increased by 25%. The rate
of transference for gases is increased by
100%.

Fan Affects Wind Speed, Humidity, and

Ambient Temperature.

At Low Speed Setting, the Wind Speed is

set to 0.4 kph. The rate of cooling the
Ambient Temperature is set to -1C/hour.
The rate of reducing the Humidity is set to
-1% per hour.

At High Speed Setting, the Wind Speed is

set to 0.8 kph. The rates of change for
Ambient Temperature and Humidity is two
times of the low setting.

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Fire Sprinkler, Affects Water Level at a rate of 0.1 cm per
Ceiling Sprinkler second.

Affects Humidity at a rate of 5% per hour.

Garage Door Affects Argon, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon

Dioxide, Hydrogen, Helium, Methane,
Nitrogen, O2, Ozone, Propane, and Smoke.
When the door is opened, those gases will
decrease to a maximum of 4% in total
change.

When the door is opened, the rate of

transference for Humidity and
Temperature is increased by 50%. The rate
of transference for gases is increased by
100%.

Home Speaker, Affects Sound Volume at 65 dB.

Speaker
Affects Sound Pitch at 20 CPS to 60 CPS.

Affects White Noise at 20%.

Humidifier Affects Humidity at a rate of 1% per hour.

Humidity Sensor Detects Humidity.

Humiture Monitor, Detects Ambient Temperature and

Humiture Sensor Humidity and outputs the value as a sum
of the Ambient Temperature and Humidity
divided by 2.

Lawn Sprinkler, Affects Water Level at a rate of 0.1 cm per

Floor Sprinkler second.

Affects Humidity at a rate of 5% per hour.

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LED Affects Visible Light with a maximum
output of 1%.

Light Affects Visible Light with a maximum

output of 20%.

Old Car Affects Carbon Monoxide at a rate of 1%

per hour.

Affects Carbon Dioxide at a rate of 2% per

hour.

Affects Smoke at a rate of 3% per hour.

Affects Ambient Temperature at a rate of

1% per hour.

Photo Sensor Detects Visible Light.

Piezo Speaker Affects Sound Volume at 10 dB.

Affects Sound Pitch 20 CPS.

RGB LED Affects Visible Light with a maximum

output of 2%.

Smart LED, Affects Visible Light with a maximum

Dimmable LED output of 3%.

Smoke Detector, Detects Smoke.

Smoke Sensor

Solar Panel Detects Sunlight to generate electricity.

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Temperature Monitor Detects Ambient Temperature.

Temperature Sensor Detects Ambient Temperature.

Water Level Monitor, Detects Water Level.

Water Detector

Wind Sensor Detects Wind Speed.

Wind Turbine Detects Wind Speed to generate

electricity.

Window Affects Argon, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon

Dioxide, Hydrogen, Helium, Methane,
Nitrogen, O2, Ozone, Propane, and Smoke.
When the door is opened, those gases will
decrease to a maximum of 1% in total
change.

When the door is opened, the rate of

transference for Humidity and
Temperature is increased by 20%. The rate
of transference for gases is increased by
100%.

Drain Actuator Affects Water Level at a rate of -0.5 cm per

second.

Sound Frequency Detects Sound Pitch and displays it.

Detector

Furnace, Affects Humidity at a rate of -2% per hour.

Heating Element
Affects Ambient Temperature at a rate of
10°C per hour.

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 AC, Affects Humidity at a rate of -2% per hour.
Air Cooler
Affects Ambient Temperature at a rate of -
10°C per hour.

6. Arduino emulation for IoT programming

a. What is Arduino ?
Arduino is a hardware and software company building microcontroller-based kits for building
digital devices and interactive objects that can sense and control physical devices.

The project is based on microcontroller board designs, produced by several vendors, using
several microcontrollers. Arduino boards provide digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins
that can interface to different expansion boards and other circuits. The boards feature serial
and USB communication interfaces for loading programs from computers to the boards.

Programming the microcontrollers is done through the Arduino integrated development

environment (IDE) based on a programming language named Processing, which also supports
the languages C and C++.

b. Arduino at Cisco Live 2016

Arduino organised a technical challenge at Cisco Live 2016. The idea was that people at the
Cisco event could discover and play with some fun Arduino projects like a RFID lock, a colour
sensing and display thing, and a light sensitive theremin.

c. Arduino language implemented in Packet Tracer 7.2

Packet Tracer 7.0 was the first Cisco Packet Tracer release including IoT features. This version
includes IoT components and microcontroller (MCU-PT) or single boarded computers (SBC-PT)
to connect them to the network. The microcontroller boardemulate Arduino hardware and can
be programmed using the same Processing language.

Function Packet Tracer 7 reference Arduino reference

Structure

setup() If defined, this function is The setup() function is called when a sketch
called once when the starts. Use it to initialize variables, pin modes,
program starts. start using libraries, etc. The setup function
will only run once, after each powerup or reset
function setup() { of the Arduino board.
pinMode(0, INPUT);
} void setup()
{

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 Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT);
}

loop() If defined, this function is After creating a setup() function, which

called continuously when initializes and sets the initial values, the loop()
the program is running. function does precisely what its name
The frequency of the calls suggests, and loops consecutively, allowing
depends on the complexity your program to change and respond. Use it to
of this function, the actively control the Arduino board.
number of other devices
running programs and their void loop()
complexity, and the {
machine's processing
power. if (digitalRead(buttonPin) == HIGH)
Serial.write('H');
function loop() {
else
Serial.println(digit
alRead(0)); Serial.write('L');
}
delay(1000);
}

Digital I/O

pinMode(slot, Set a digital slot to INPUT Configures the specified pin to behave either
mode) or OUTPUT. as an input or an output.

pinMode(1, OUTPUT); void setup()

pinMode(2, INPUT); {
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); // sets the digi
tal pin as output
}
void loop()
{
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); // sets the LED o
n
delay(1000); // waits for a second
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW); // sets the LED o
ff

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 delay(1000); // waits for a second
}

digitalRead(slot) Reads the value from a specified digital pin,

Reads from a digital slot, either HIGH or LOW
returns HIGH or LOW.
void loop()
var val = digitalRead(1);
{
val = digitalRead(inPin); // read the input pi
n
digitalWrite(ledPin, val); // sets the LED to t
he button's value
}

digitalWrite(slot, Writes to a digital slot with Write a HIGH or a LOW value to a digital pin.
value) HIGH or LOW.
void loop()
digitalWrite(1, HIGH);
{
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); // sets the LED o
n
delay(1000); // waits for a second
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW); // sets the LED o
ff
delay(1000); // waits for a second
}

7. Packet Tracer 7.0 - IoT advanced programming & automation

This tutorial will provide guidelines to simulate a fully automated IoT environment using the
capabilities of the new Cisco Packet Tracer 7.0 devices.

A MCU board connected to smoke and temperature sensors will act as a remote Fire Detection
Unit. The board will be securely wifi connected to a 829 ISR router.

A SBC board connected to a visual alarm will act as a Fire Alarm System.

Both IoT board will register to a central IoE server which will provide automation capabilities
to raise the Fire Alarm if a fire is detected by the Remote Fire Sensor.

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ISR829 router wireless configuration with WPA-PSK encryption
1. Setup an IP address on the wlan-ap0 interface for integrated AP managment

2. Connect to the integrated AP (service-module wlan-ap0 session)

3. Configure the SSID with the following settings. Here is configured the SSID, the
authentication mode, and the WPA-PSK key.

dot11 ssid TEST

authentication open
authentication key-management wpa
wpa-psk ascii 0 AZERTYUIOP
guest-mode
4. Configure the Dot11Radio0 interface with the following settings. Here is configured the
encryption mode and the link with the previously configured SSID.

interface Dot11Radio0
no ip address
bridge-group 1
encryption mode ciphers aes-ccm
ssid TEST
5. Go back to the router configuration. The data path of the integrated AP is linked to the
router's Wlan-GigabitEthernet0 interface (not the AP interface).

6.Configure the Wlan-GigabitEthernet0 interface as an access port in Vlan 1 :

interface Wlan-GigabitEthernet0
switchport mode access
7.Configure DHCP on the router for vlan 1 :

ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.100.1 192.168.100.9

!
ip dhcp pool IoE_POOL
network 192.168.100.0 255.255.255.0
default-router 192.168.100.1
interface Vlan1
ip address 192.168.100.1 255.255.255.0

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IoE MCU board registration
Add a wireless connector to the MCU board and configure wireless settings to connect it to the
remote 829 router. On the config tab, configure the address of the remote IoE server
(192.168.20.2) with the following user/password (user : register, password : register)

Javascript code for the MCU Board (remote fire sensors)

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The IoEClient.setup(api) function sets up the API for remote monitor and control from IoE
server. The api is an object describing the states reported by the IoE device and identifying the
one remote controlable [controlable: true] by the server.

The IoEClient.reportStates(states) reports the states of this device to the IoE server. The
argument is a string representing all states of this device. The argument can also be an array
representing all states. The number of states must match the length of the states property in
the IoEClient.setup() function.

function setup() {
pinMode(1, OUTPUT);
IoEClient.setup({
type: "Fire Detection",
states: [{
name: "Fire",
type: "bool"
},
{
name: "Temperature",
type: "number",
unit: "°C",
imperialUnit: "°F",
toImperialConversion: "x*1.8+32",
toMetricConversion: "(x-32)/1.8",
decimalDigits: 1
},
{
name: "Smoke Level",
type: "number",
unit: "ppm",
decimalDigits: 1
}]
});
}
function loop() {

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 var SmokeLevel = analogRead(A0);
var Temperature = analogRead(A1);
var FireDetected=false;
if (SmokeLevel>50 || Temperature>580) {
digitalWrite(0, HIGH);
FireDetected=true;
}
else {
digitalWrite(0, LOW);
FireDetected=false;
}
IoEClient.reportStates([FireDetected,Temperature,SmokeLevel]);
delay(500);
}

Javascript code for the SBC Board (visual fire alarm)

var state = 0;
function setup() {
IoEClient.setup({
type: "FireAlarm",
states: [{
name: "On",
type: "bool",
controllable: true
}]
});
IoEClient.onInputReceive = function(input) {
processData(input, true);
};
attachInterrupt(0, function() {
processData(customRead(0), false);
});
setState(state);

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 }
function processData(data, bIsRemote) {
if ( data.length <= 0 )
return;
setState(parseInt(data));
}
function setState(newState) {
state = newState;
if ( state === 0 )
digitalWrite(0, LOW);
else
digitalWrite(0, HIGH);
customWrite(0, state);
IoEClient.reportStates(state);
setDeviceProperty(getName(), "state", state);
}
8. Practices - How to Simulate IoT projects using Cisco Packet Tracer
Steps to simulate IoT based Home Automation
a. Open Packet tracer
b. Select Home icon at the left bottom corner and now choose the required
Home components .

Click on Home icon

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 c. Drag and place the components

d. Additionally, you can change the name of Appliances by clicking on

respective Appliances and select the config option. You have to repeat
the same steps to rename the other devices too.

Enter the name

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 e. Thus now let’s establish a wireless connection. Go to Wireless devices
and choose Home Gateway

Choose Home Gateway

f. Now copy the SSID of Home Gateway by clicking on the Home gateway.

Copy the SSID

g. Therefore It’s necessary to configure all devices to connect wirelessly to

Home Gateway. Hence you can achieve this by Clicking a device →
Advanced →I/O config → select PT-IOT-NW-1W. Similarly, repeat the
steps for other devices as well.

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 h. Then paste the SSID In each appliance by clicking on the config option.
Similarly repeat the steps for other devices as well.

Paste the SSID in all appliances

i. Now lets select IOT server as Home gateway to all appliances.

Click on Appliances →select Advanced → config →choose Home

Gateway. Similarly repeat the steps for other devices as well.

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Choose Home Gateway as IOT Server

j. Thus you can notice that all devices are connected to the Home
Gateway

k. Now select smart device to Control and Monitor Appliances.

Select end devices at bottom left corner

l. Now connect your smart device also to your Home gateway

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m. Thus your smart device is connected to your Home Gateway.
Click on smart device and choose Desktop. You can now login

n. Finally, you can control and Monitor in the Dashboard.

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Result

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