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Class - Xii Physics Experiment - 1 Aim

The document describes an experiment to determine the resistivity of two wires by plotting graphs of potential difference versus current. Measurements are taken of potential difference and current for each wire at different points. The resistance of each wire is calculated from the slope of its V-I graph. The resistivity of each wire is then calculated using the resistance, length, and cross-sectional area. The result is that the resistivity of both wires is approximately 1.19x10-4 Ω-cm. Precautions include having tight connections and using properly ranged meters.

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224K views4 pages

Class - Xii Physics Experiment - 1 Aim

The document describes an experiment to determine the resistivity of two wires by plotting graphs of potential difference versus current. Measurements are taken of potential difference and current for each wire at different points. The resistance of each wire is calculated from the slope of its V-I graph. The resistivity of each wire is then calculated using the resistance, length, and cross-sectional area. The result is that the resistivity of both wires is approximately 1.19x10-4 Ω-cm. Precautions include having tight connections and using properly ranged meters.

Uploaded by

Factlicious
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CLASS – XII PHYSICS

EXPERIMENT -1

Aim-
To determine resistivity of two/three wires by plotting a graph between
potential difference versus current.

Apparatus Required-
A resistance wire, battery eliminator, voltmeter, ammeter, rheostat and
connecting wires.

Theory-
According to Ohm’s law, the electric current flowing through a conductor is
directly proportional to the potential difference across its ends, provided the
physical state (pressure, temperature and dimensions) of the conductor
remains unchanged.
If I is the current flowing through the conductor and V is the potential
difference across its end, then-
V∝I
Or ; V = RI
Where, R is the constant of proportionality and is termed as the electrical
resistance of the conductor.

Circuit Diagram-
Observations-
1
Least count of ammeter = 20 A
1
Least count of voltmeter = V
20

Observation table:-
For wire one; l=21 cm-
S.No. Voltmeter Ammeter reading- Resistance of given
reading - nx L.C. nx L.C. wire (R = V/I) Ω
(in volt) (in ampere)
1 1 1 1
1 2X20 1X20 (2X20) ÷(1X20)= 2 Ω
1 1 1 1
2 6X20 3X20 (6X20)÷(3X20) = 2 Ω
1 1 1 1
3 8X20 4X20 (8X20)÷(4X20) = 2 Ω
1 1 1 1
4 12X20 6X20 (28X20)÷(7X20) = 2 Ω

For wire two; l=42 cm-


S.No. Voltmeter Ammeter reading- Resistance of given
reading - nx L.C. nx L.C. wire (R = V/I) Ω
(in volt) (in ampere)
1 1 1 1
1 4X20 1X20 (4X20) ÷(1X20)= 4Ω
1 1 1 1
2 12X20 3X20 (12X20)÷(3X20) = 4 Ω
1 1 1 1
3 20X20 5X20 (20X20)÷(5X20)= 4 Ω
1 1 1 1
4 28X20 7X20 (28X20)÷(7X20) = 4 Ω
Calculations-

Graph for potential versus current (should be on graph paper


according to readings)-

Graph for wire-1:-

Resistance of wire one from the graph, R = PS/QS (i.e. reciprocal of slope of the
graph) ≈ 2 Ω

Graph for wire-2(Should be drawn in same way as above):-

Resistance of wire two from the graph, R = BC/AB (i.e. reciprocal of slope of
the graph) ≈ 4 Ω
𝐴 2𝑋3.14𝑋(0.04)2
Resistivity of wire one:- ρ1 = R1𝑙 = ≈ 1.19X10-4Ω-cm
1 21𝑋4
𝐴 4𝑋3.14𝑋(0.04)2
Resistivity of wire two:- ρ2 = R2𝑙 = ≈1.19X10-4Ω-cm
2 42𝑋4

Result-
Value of resistivity of two given wires of different lengths is ≈1.19X10-4Ω-cm
Precautions-
• All the electrical connections must be neat and tight.
• Voltmeter and Ammeter must be of proper range.
• The key should be inserted only while taking readings.

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