Urine Analysis in Community Setting

URINE ANALYSIS IN COMMUNITY SETTING
Urine Analysis ACETIC ACID TEST: MATERIALS

▪ It can be used to screen patient for kidney and ▪ 1 test tube
urinary tract disease ▪ 10% acetic acid
▪ can help to detect metabolic or systematic ▪ Urine specimen (early morning urine, midstream
disease flow)
▪ During course of a urine analysis, you’ll: ▪ Alcohol lamp
- Evaluate color, odor, and opacity of urine ▪ Dropper (2 pieces)
- Determine urine’s specific gravity and PH ▪ Test tube holder
- Examine urine sediment for blood cells, ▪ Match
casts, and crystals
ACETIC ACID TEST: PROCEDURE
Urine Sample 1. Place the paper lining on a table or any clean,
- contamination can be reduced by collecting a flat surface from the client. (clean side out)
clean-catch, midstream urine 2. Place the plastic lining (clean side in) over the
1. CLEAN – CATCH: paper thing.
- refers to the fact that the area around the 3. Place the CHN bag over the plastic lining, tucking
external opening of the urethra is cleansed by the handles beneath the bag.
washing with soap and rinsing with water before 4. Open the bag, take out the apron, soap in dish
urinating and towel.
2. MIDSTREAM: 5. Do thorough hand washing.
- refers to the fact that the initial portion of the 6. Put on your apron.
urine stream is directed into a toilet or bedpan, 7. Take out 2 droppers and place them in the
and then the urine stream is directed into a kidney basin, same with the test tube and test tube
container. holder.
8. Take out the match, alcohol lamp, acetic acid
URINALYSIS (Normal Result) and place them near the kidney basin.
▪ Color: Pale yellow 9. Place the waste receptacle at one of the work
▪ Odor: Aromatic odor area.
▪ Turbidity: Clear 10. Light the lamp.
▪ Specific gravity: 1.016 to 1.022 11. Fill the test tube about 2/3 full of urine.
▪ pH: 4.5 to 7.8 12. Heat the upper portion of the test tube to
▪ Protein: Negative boiling point. (Mouth of the tube should not face
▪ Ketones: Negative the examiner and client)
▪ Bilirubin: Negative Heat coagulation test of proteins
▪ Glucose: Negative
▪ Red blood cells: < 3 cells/HPF
▪ White blood cells: < or = 4 cells/HPF
▪ Bacteria: None to Few
▪ Casts: None to Few
▪ Crystals: None
ACETIC ACID TEST

▪ In a community setting, urinalysis using the acetic
acid is a good tool for nurses to have an idea about
the albumin (protein) in the urine. ▪ Water Bath is used to heat sample in the lab
▪ This is done for people with history of ▪ Upper Portion of the test tube
hypertension. 14. Add 5 drops of 10% acetic acid one drop at a
time. Heat again.
▪ Used droppers should be placed near the
waste receptacle)
15. Put off the flame.
3. Place the bag in the area away from the client,
tucking handles beneath the bag.
ACETIC ACID TEST: INTERPRETATION

▪ No turbidity - à negative 4. Open the bag; take out soap in dish, towel and
▪ Faint turbidity - à+ apron.
▪ Heavy Turbidity - à++ 5. Do thorough hand washing. Dry hands, place
▪ Solid (opaque) - à +++ soap/dish and towel near the bag.
6. Put on apron, right side out.
7. Take out 2 droppers, a test tube and holder, and
place these in the kidney basin.
8. Take out the alcohol lamp, match, Benedict’s
solution and place them on the work area.
9. Place the waste receptacle at one corner of the
work area.
10. Light the lamp.
11. Place 6-8 drops of urine in the test tube.
12. Add 3-5 ml. of Benedict’s solution to the urine
13. Used droppers should be placed near the waste
URINALYSIS: ABNORMAL URINE receptacle.
Proteinuria 14. Pass the test tube with mixture over the flame,
▪ Proteinuria, or too- high levels of protein in the mouth of the Test Tube should be away from you
urine, can affect kidney function. and the client.
▪ It may be caused by a variety of conditions. 15. Remove from flame and stand for one minute.
▪ Symptoms of Proteinuria: 16. Put off flame.
- Pain during urination
- Foamy urine BENEDICT’S METHOD: INTERPRETATION
- Shortness of breath
- Swollen face
- Fatigue
- Backache
BENEDICT’S METHOD
▪ Using the urine specimen in a community health
setting can be beneficial in determining the sugar
level.
▪ This is done using the Benedict’s Method for
those with history of diabetes.
BENEDICT’S METHOD: MATERIALS

1. Benedict’s qualities reagent ▪ Blue Solution – None
2. Test tube ▪ Green/yellow precipitate – Traces of reducing
3. Alcohol lamp sugar
4. Droppers (2pieces) ▪ Orange red precipitate – Moderate
5. Urine (Early morning, mid-stream flow) ▪ Brick-red precipitate – Large amount of reducing
6. Match sugar
BENEDICT’S METHOD: PROCEDURE URINALYSIS: ABNORMAL URINE

1. Place the paper lining clean side out on a table Positive Glucose
or any clean, flat surface away from the client. ▪ Present (Glucosuria or Glycosuria)
2. Spread the plastic lining over the paper lining, Nursing Considerations:
clean side in. ▪ Glucose in the urine indicates high blood glucose
levels (greater than 180 mg/dL)
▪ may be indicative of undiagnosed or uncontrolled
diabetes mellitus.
* Positive urine glucose  Diabetes

Urine Analysis in Community Setting

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URINE ANALYSIS IN COMMUNITY SETTING

Urine Analysis ACETIC ACID TEST: MATERIALS

ACETIC ACID TEST

ACETIC ACID TEST: INTERPRETATION

BENEDICT’S METHOD: MATERIALS

BENEDICT’S METHOD: PROCEDURE URINALYSIS: ABNORMAL URINE

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