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Topic 2 - Variable Separable

This document discusses differential equations, including: 1. The difference between the order and degree of a differential equation. The order is the highest numbered derivative in the equation, while the degree is the highest power of the highest order derivatives. 2. Examples of differential equations of varying orders and degrees are provided. 3. A solution to a differential equation expresses the relationship between dependent and independent variables such that substituting it into the equation reduces it to an identity. General solutions contain arbitrary constants while particular solutions do not. 4. The method of separation of variables can be used to solve simple first order differential equations where the variables can be separated, with the general solution containing an arbitrary constant C.

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57 views12 pages

Topic 2 - Variable Separable

This document discusses differential equations, including: 1. The difference between the order and degree of a differential equation. The order is the highest numbered derivative in the equation, while the degree is the highest power of the highest order derivatives. 2. Examples of differential equations of varying orders and degrees are provided. 3. A solution to a differential equation expresses the relationship between dependent and independent variables such that substituting it into the equation reduces it to an identity. General solutions contain arbitrary constants while particular solutions do not. 4. The method of separation of variables can be used to solve simple first order differential equations where the variables can be separated, with the general solution containing an arbitrary constant C.

Uploaded by

Selaras Kyle
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WMSU BEM 121

Lesson 2

1
Recall ...

Order Degree
- highest numbered -of which the differential
derivative in coefficients are free
from radicals and
the equation
fractions, is the positive
integral index of the
highest power of the
highest order
derivatives involved.
2
Example …

𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑂𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 = 2
2
+3 + 2𝑦 = 0 𝐷𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒 = 1
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

In contrary …

𝑑𝑦
𝑑2 𝑦 3 𝑑 𝑦 3
Sinx( 2 ) +𝑒 𝑑𝑥 − 3cos⁡(𝑥 ) =0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 3

𝑂𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 = 3
𝐷𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒 = 𝑛𝑜⁡𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒
Source: https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-the-degree-and-order-of-a-differential-
3
equation
More examples …

3
2
𝑑 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑2𝑦 𝑂𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 = 2
− 5𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑦𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑥) = 0
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2 𝐷𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒 = 3

2 4 7
𝑑𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑂𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 = 2
2log⁡(𝑥) + 7 cos 𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 𝐷𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒 = 4

𝑑𝑦
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑3 𝑦 𝑂𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 = 3
𝑒 𝑑𝑥 + sin(𝑥 2 ) + cos( 3 ) + 7xy = 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑛𝑜⁡𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒

4
What is a solution of a DE?
 The solution to an ordinary differential equation
is another equation free of any derivatives /
differentials expressing the functional
relationship between the dependent and
independent variables; when substituted into the
equation reduces it to an identity.
𝑑𝑦
 in an expression: ;
𝑑𝑥
 y is the dependent variable
 x is the independent variable

5
What are the types of Solutions of
Differential Equations ?
• General solution – is the set of all solution.
- the solution is said to be a general solution if it
has at least one arbitrary constant
Example : 𝑥 5 − 3𝑦 2 = 𝐶
Where: C = arbitrary constant

• Particular solution – is any one solution.


- the solution is said to be a particular
solution if it does not contain any arbitrary
constant.
Example : 5xy−3𝑦 2 − 11⁡ = 0
6
SOLUTION OF FIRST
ORDER DIFFERENTIAL
EQUATION

7
SEPARATION OF VARIABLES
• In the solution of an ordinary first-ordered
differential equation, the simplest is the
one in which the variables, say x and y,
can be separated. By this, it means that
the function of x times dx is separable
from the function of y times dy.

8
Variable Separable
• Standard form:
M(x)dx + N(y)dy = 0

General Solution:
𝑀(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + ⁡ 𝑁(𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 𝐶

9
10
11
Example:
Find the solution of the DE below:
1. 4xdx – ydy = 0
𝑑𝑦 𝑥 2 +2
2. 𝑑𝑥
=⁡
𝑦
𝑑𝑦 2𝑥⁡+⁡2𝑥𝑦 2
3. 𝑑𝑥
=⁡
𝑦⁡+⁡2𝑥 2 𝑦
2
4. x𝑐𝑜𝑠 y dx + tany dy = 0
5. Determine the particular solution of
𝑒 𝑥 𝑒 𝑦 dx – 𝑒 −2𝑦 dy= 0 where y = 0 and x = 0

12

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