Overview..................................................................................................................................................

Chapter 1: Basic Skills

1.1 Order of Operations ............................................................................................................................. 6
1.2 Algebraic Expressions............................................................................................................................ 9
1.3 Equations ................................................................................................................................................. 12
1.4 Simple Linear Equations ....................................................................................................................... 15

Chapter 2: Systems of Linear Equations

2.1 Graphing Systems of Linear Equations .............................................................................................. 18
2.2 Solving by Substitution ......................................................................................................................... 22

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2.3 Solving by Elimination ........................................................................................................................... 26
2.4 Possible Solutions .................................................................................................................................. 31

Chapter 3: Analytic Geometry

3.1 Length of a Line Segment ..................................................................................................................... 36
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3.2 Midpoint of a Line Segment.................................................................................................................
Segment................................................................................................................. 39
3.3 Equation of a Circle................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................ 43
M
3.4 Medians and Centroids.........................................................................................................................
Centroids......................................................................................................................... 45
3.5 Perpendicular Bisectors and Circumcentres .................................................................................... 48
3.6 Altitudes and Orthocentres ................................................................................................................. 52
3.7 Classifying Shapes..................................................................................................................................
Shapes.................................................................................................................................. 56
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Chapter 4: Polynomials
4.1 Expanding and Factoring ...................................................................................................................... 62
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4.2 Factorization of Trinomials (1) ............................................................................................................. 66

4.3 Factorization of Trinomials (2) ............................................................................................................. 70
4.4 Perfect-square Trinomials and Differences of Squares .................................................................. 73
4.5 Factorization Strategy ............................................................................................................................ 77

Chapter 5: Graphs of Quadratic Relations

5.1 Properties of Quadratic Relations ...................................................................................................... 80
5.2 Finding Zeros .......................................................................................................................................... 84
5.3 Transformations of Quadratic Relations (1) ...................................................................................... 90
5.4 Transformations of Quadratic Relations (2) ...................................................................................... 93
5.5 Modelling Quadratic Relations ........................................................................................................... 98

4 Complete MathSmart (Grade 10) ISBN: 978-1-77149-221-8

Chapter 6: Solving Quadratic Equations
6.1 Standard Form to Factored Form......................................................................................................... 102
6.2 Partial Factoring ...................................................................................................................................... 107
6.3 Completing the Square ......................................................................................................................... 112
6.4 The Quadratic Formula ......................................................................................................................... 117
6.5 Nature of Roots.......................................................................................................................................
................................................................................... 123

Chapter 7: Triangles and Trigonometry

7.1 Congruent and Similar Triangles ........................................................................................................ 128

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7.2 Solving Problems on Similar Triangles............................................................................................... 134
7.3 The Primary Trigonometric Ratios (1) ................................................................................................. 139
7.4 The Primary Trigonometric Ratios (2) ................................................................................................. 142
7.5 Solving Problems Modelled by Right Triangles .............................................................................. 148
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Chapter 8: Acute Triangle Trigonometry
8.1 The Sine Law ...................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................ 152
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8.2 Solving Problems Using the Sine Law................................................................................................
Law ................................................................................................ 156
8.3 The Cosine Law.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.................................................... ................................................................................... 162
8.4 Solving Porblems Using the Cosine Law ........................................................................................... 166
8.5 Applying the Sine Law and the Cosine Law ...................................................................................... 172
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Cumulative Review ................................................................................................................................................ 177

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Handy Reference .................................................................................................................................................... 191

Answers ................................................................................................................................................................... 197
...................................................

ISBN: 978-1-77149-221-8 Complete MathSmart (Grade 10) 5

 5 Graphs of Quadratic Relations

Parabola
y
Parabola: a graph of a quadratic relation that is shaped
opens upward
like the letter “U”
x-intercept
Axis of symmetry: a line that divides a parabola into x
two equal halves
y-intercept vertex
Vertex: the highest or lowest point of a parabola
axis of symmetry

5.1 Properties of Quadratic Relations

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y y
Identify and check the representations of
quadratic relations. x x

y y
P
shows a
A B
parabola
y y
x x
M
✔ x x

second differences are

x y x y constant but not 0 C D
A

-2 8 -2 -3 x y x y
-4 3
-1 4 0 -1 0 2
-4 5 -2 59 -2 -2
0 0 8 0 5 2
S

4 7 -1 11 -1 1
1 4 0 1 12 2 0 -5 0 -2
4 9
2 8 2 21 1 11 1 1
✔
2 59 E 2 4 F

Graph the quadratic relations.

y y
A y = x2 B y = -2x2 + 4
4 4

x y x y
2 2

-2 -2
x x
-1 -4 -2 0 2 4 -1 -4 -2 0 2 4

0 -2 0 -2
1 1
-4 -4
2 2

80 Complete MathSmart (Grade 10) ISBN: 978-1-77149-221-8

Graph the quadratic relations. Write the key characteristics of each in the table.
C y = x2 – 4 x y D y = -x2 + x + 2 x y

y -2 y -2
-1 -1
2 2
0 0
x 1 x 1
-4 -2 0 2 4 -4 -2 0 2 4
2 2
-2 -2

-4 -4

E y = - 1 (x – 1)2 x y F y = 2(x + 1)2 + 2 x y

2

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y -2 y -2
-1 -1
1 20
0 0
x 1 16
1
-2 -1 0 1 2
2 2
-1 12
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-2 8
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-3 4

-4 x
-8 -4 0 4 8
A

y = - 1 (x – 1)2
S

y = x2 – 4 y = -x2 + x + 2 y = 2(x + 1)2 + 2

2

x-intercept(s) ( , )( , )

y-intercept ( , )

Direction of Opening

Axis of Symmetry x=

Vertex ( , )

Max./Min. Value y=

ISBN: 978-1-77149-221-8 Complete MathSmart (Grade 10) 81

 Chapter 5 Graphs of Quadratic Relations

Sketch the parabolas with the given characteristics.

G A B
vertex: (-3,0)
A
y-intercept: (0,1)

x-intercept: (1.5,0)
B
y-intercept: (0,-6)

no x-intercepts
C
opens upward C D

x-intercepts: (2,0), (-2,0)

D

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max. value: 3

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Answer the questions without graphing.
H y = x2 + 7
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a. What is the direction of opening? Standard Form of
Quadratic Relations
y = ax2 + bx + c
A

b. What is the y-intercept?

-intercept?
direction of opening y-intercept
• a > 0, upward
• a < 0, downward
S

I y = x2 – 16x + 63 e.g. y = x2 + 1 y = -x2 + 1

y y
a. What is the direction of opening?
(0,1)
(0,1)
x x

b. Will there be a maximum value or a minimum

value?

J y = -2(x – 1)2 Expand and rewrite in the form: y = ax2 + bx + c.

a. What is the direction of opening?

b. What is the y-intercept?

82 Complete MathSmart (Grade 10) ISBN: 978-1-77149-221-8

Circle T for true and F for false.

K The axis of symmetry is always the y-axis. T / F

L The vertex always lies on the axis of symmetry. T / F

M A parabola with no x-intercepts and with a positive y-intercept

always opens upward.
T / F

N All parabolas have y-intercepts. T / F

O Consider y = ax2 + bx + c.
a. If it is an equation of a parabola, then a cannot be 0. T / F

b. If a is negative, the parabola will open downward. T / F

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c. c is the y-intercept. T / F

Study each scenario and answer the questions.

P y The graph shows the path made by Steven’s dive.

P
a. Check the equation that represents the graph where x represents
the horizontal distance and y represents the water depth.
M
A 0.1x2 + 8
y = 0.1x B y = 0.1x2 – 2x C y = -0.2x2 – x
x

b. What was the maximum water depth Steven reached?

A
S

Q y The graph shows the water arch Karen’s garden hose made while
she watered her plants.
a. Check the equation that represents the graph where x represents
the horizontal distance and y represents the height.
x
A y = 2x2 + 5 B y = -0.5x2 – 1 C y = -0.6x2 + 2.7x + 1.5

b. How far away was Karen from the plants?

ISBN: 978-1-77149-221-8 Complete MathSmart (Grade 10) 83