Bethany Labrador

BSIT- A1

1. What are the advantages of using flowchart?

Process flowcharts have a variety of advantages that can bring tremendous value to your operation.
These advantages include the following:

Communication – This tool allows you to communicate processes and potential problems on the floor in
a way that management can understand, thus pushing them to potentially change up the process or
implement new equipment.

Analysis – With the help of flowcharts, issues on the floor are able to be analyzed in a much more
effective manner that showcases potential areas of cost reduction and time allocation.

Adequate Documentation – Flowcharts are an advantageous method of document processes on the

floor that everyone is able to understand and ultimately can be utilized in various departments.

Proper program documentation - Program documentation involves collecting, organizing, storing and
otherwise maintaining a complete historical record of programs, and the other documents associated
with a system.

Efficient coding - Once a flowchart is ready, programmers find it very easy to write the corresponding
program, because the flowchart acts as a road map for them.

Systematic debugging - A flowchart is very helpful in detecting, locating and removing mistakes ( bugs)
in a program in a systematic manner, because programmers find it easier to follow the logic of the
program in flowchart form.

Systematic testing -Testing is the process of confirming whether a program will successfully do all the
jobs for which it has been designed under the specified constraints.

The advantageous pertaining to flowcharts seems to be endless. Unfortunately, with every pro there is a
con, in which there are disadvantages associated with flowcharts.

2. What are the limitations of using flowcharts?

Limitations of using Flowcharts

Alterations – Alterations can become a hassle when using flowcharts. This is due to the fact that when
there are alterations to the process or whenever a process needs to be changed, you will more than
likely have to redraw the entire flowchart, which results in wasted time and money. By far, this is the
most substantial drawback pertaining to process flowcharts.

Logic Complexity – When a process is relatively complex, this can make a process flowchart look messy
and clumsy. This will make it difficult for management to understand and could be a waste of time as
you attempt to pinpoint areas of waste within a certain process or area. This is why it is important to
take a look at the process and see if there are any steps that can be included together or simplified.
Reproduction of a Flowchart – The last major drawback pertaining to flowcharts is that flowchart
symbols cannot be typed. You will have to use Word, Excel, or some other software that allows you to
create shapes and plug words into them. This makes recreating flowcharts rather difficult, considering
that they require shapes.

3. Enumerate some applications in using flowchart.

1. 1888 Quick Flow Chart Creator

1888 Quick Flow Chart Creator is a free flow chart application. This particular application doesn't really
measure up to the paid applications, but it will get the job done.

2. WizFlow Flowcharter
WizFlow Flowcharter is a very basic flow-charting application that seems to work really well.

3. RFFlow
RFFlow is everything that a flow-charting application should be. The utility is fast, efficient, and intuitive.

4. Novagraph Chartist
Novagraph Chartist is a relatively powerful tool for creating flow charts and other types of charts (such
as organizational charts).

5. Microsoft Visio Professional 2013

Microsoft Visio Professional 2013 is the flow chart application that I personally use for my day to day
work.

4. Enumerate Flowchart symbols with its name and meaning.

1. Start and end symbol

This symbol is also referred to as the terminator symbol as it represents starting and end points, as well
as potential outcomes of a process path. The start and end symbols will be an elongated oval shape.

2. Process symbol

This common symbol is shaped as a rectangle, and it can also be called the action symbol. It represents
an action, function or process and can be considered one of the most-used flowchart symbols.

3. Document symbol
This symbol is shaped like a rectangle with its bottom side in a wave, and it is used to represent the
input or output of a document. For instance, this symbol might be used to outline a document input,
such as receiving an email or report. Similarly, it can be used to represent a document output like
producing a presentation or project.

4. Connector symbol

These symbols are little circles used to connect separate elements of a flowchart across a whole page.
Connectors are typically used in flowcharts with more complex processes, such as software or
application development.

5. Decision symbol

Shaped as a rhombus, this symbol is used to indicate a question that results in a "yes" or "no" answer, as
well as a possible "true" or "false" situation. Depending on the answer to the proposed question, the
flowchart can then split into various branches to complete the outline of the workflow.

6. Off-page connector or link symbol

This symbol looks like an upside-down pentagon and is oftentimes used in more complex flowcharts to
connect the separate elements of multiple pages. There can be a page number within each shape,
allowing for easier reference.

7. Input and output symbol

This symbol is used to represent any data that can be available for input and output. Also referred to as
the data symbol, this shape can also be used to represent the resources used or produced. Shaped as a
parallelogram, it may sometimes be substituted with the paper tape symbol.

8. Comment or note symbol

This symbol is the common brace { } and is placed with additional information or comments in a
specified range. It may also be connected by a dashed line to various related sections of the flowchart.

9. Multiple documents symbol

Conversely to the document symbol, this symbol represents more than one document in the flowchart.
It has the same meaning as the document symbol, with the addition of more documents or reports that
may be needed for the workflow.

10. Predefined process symbol

This symbol may only be used in complex flowcharts and indicates a process, operation or function that
has already been defined.

11. Database symbol

This cylinder-shaped flowchart symbol represents the data that is stored on a storage service that can
allow for user searches and filters. For instance, the data need to run a real estate app can be housed
within a storage service for users to search and filter results by price, location and other search criteria.

12. Stored data symbol

Also referred to as the data storage symbol, this flowchart symbol represents where the data is stored
within a workflow process. For instance, a software developer producing a new program for accounting
might use this symbol to represent the specific location of various financial data within different
calculation processes.

13. Paper tape symbol

This symbol, shaped as a waving flag, is one of the more complex flowchart symbols and is most likely to
be used in rare cases, such as mapping the processes or specific input data for CNC machines and older
computers.

14. Internal storage symbol

This symbol is commonly used in flowcharts that outline software designs and can indicate the data
stored within the internal memory system.

15. Manual input symbol

This flowchart symbol is used to represent manual input of data, such as a step in a process or typing
data into a field or form. For instance, if you sign up for a new email account, the login fields would
require you to enter your data manually. This symbol is used to represent this process in the software
development flowchart.

16. Manual operation symbol

This flowchart symbol is shaped as a trapezoid and is used to represent each step of a process that must
be completed manually rather than automatically.

17. Summing junction symbol

Shaped much like a railroad sign—that is, a circle with an "X" in it—this flowchart symbol sums up the
input of several converging process paths.

18. Or symbol

Similar to the summing junction symbol, the or symbol is used to indicate where a workflow process
takes more than one path.

19. Merge symbol

This triangle shape is used to symbolize the merging of multiple paths into one single process path.
20. Preparation symbol

The preparation symbol is used to differentiate between the steps for preparing the work and the steps
that take action to complete the work. It may also be used to outline the setup to other steps that make
up the same process.

21. Delay symbol

A half-oval in appearance, this symbol is used to indicate a delay within a process. Oftentimes,
programmers will use this symbol when developing software to indicate the length of the delay within
the process.

22. Display symbol

This symbol is used in a flowchart to show where data or information will be displayed within the
process.

23. Hard disk symbol

This symbol is also referred to as a direct access storage symbol and is shaped like a cylinder on its side.
It is used to show where data is stored on a hard drive.

24. Collate symbol

This symbol looks like a triangular hourglass, and it is used to show a step that orders data and
information into standard formats.

25. Sort symbol

A flowchart symbol that looks like a bisected kite, the sort symbol is used to indicate a step in a process
that organizes lists of items into sets or sequences determined by specific criteria.

26. Manual loop symbol

This symbol is used to show a set of commands or prompts that will repeat continuously until the
processes are ceased manually.

27. Loop limit symbol

The converse to the manual loop symbol, this flowchart shape indicates the stopping point of the
process loop.

28. Subroutine symbol

This flowchart symbol indicates a sequenced set of actions that perform specific, smaller tasks that are
part of a larger process. Oftentimes, this symbol may indicate that there is a more detailed description
of the outlined sequence within a separate flowchart.
 5. Give example problem and write an algorithm and flowchart.

Q1. Create a program to compute the volume of a sphere. Use the formula: V = (4/3)
*pi*r3 where pi is equal to 3.1416 approximately. The r is the radius of sphere. Display the
result.

Algorithm
1. Start
2. Read r
3. Vol = (4/3)*pi*r*r*r
4. Print or display vol
5. Stop

Q2. Write a program the converts the input Celsius degree into its equivalent Fahrenheit degree.
Use the formula: F = (9/5) *C+32.

Algorithm
1. Start
2. Initialize F=0, C=0
3. Read C
4. Fh = (1.8*C) +32
5. Print or display Fh
6. Stop

Q3. Write a program that converts the input dollar to its peso exchange rate equivalent. Assume
that the present exchange rate is 51.50 pesos against the dollar. Then display the peso equivalent
exchange rate.
 Algorithm
1. Start
2. Read dollar
3. peso = dollar *51.50
4. Print or display peso
5. Stop

6. Based on the research, provide your understanding on the topic.

Based on my research, I have learned a lot about flowchart. My understanding on the flowchart
is that flow charts are easy-to-understand diagrams that show how the steps of a process fit
together. Flow charts tend to consist of four main symbols, linked with arrows that show the
direction of flow:

1. Elongated circles, which signify the start or end of a process.

2. Rectangles, which show instructions or actions.
3. Diamonds, which highlight where you must make a decision.
4. Parallelograms, which show input and output. This can include materials, services or people.
Process flowcharts have a variety of advantages that can bring tremendous value to your operation. The
advantageous pertaining to flowcharts seems to be endless. Unfortunately, with every pro there is a con,
in which there are disadvantages associated with flowcharts.
When to Use a Flow Chart
All manner of organizations uses flow charts to:

• Define a process.

• Standardize a process.
• Communicate a process.

• Identify bottlenecks or waste in a process.

• Solve a problem .
• Improve a process.

Why Use Flow Charts?

This tool's simplicity makes communicating and documenting a process quick and clear, so that the
process will more likely be understood and applied correctly and consistently. It can also help you to
estimate the timescale of the process, as you're better able to gauge the time needed for each
task along the way. And you'll more likely identify who you should involve and at what stage, such as
senior management or a compliance authority.
But you can also benefit from the process of creating a flow chart itself, as you build it step by step.
You'll be able to focus on the detail of each individual stage, without feeling overwhelmed by the rest of
the process, and then "zoom out" again to see the wider picture.

How to Create a Flow Chart

Step 1: Identify Tasks
Begin by listing all of the tasks in a process in chronological order. Ask questions such as, "What happens
next in the process?" or, "Do you need to make a decision before the next step?" or, "What approvals
are required before you move on to the next task?".

Step 2: Organize and Document Tasks

Next, start your flow chart by drawing the elongated circle shape and labeling it "Start."
Then, work through your whole process, and show the actions and decisions in the order that they
happen. Link them with arrows to illustrate the flow of the process.
Where you need to make a decision, draw arrows from the decision diamond to each possible solution,
and then label each arrow with the decision made. Remember to show the end of the process by using
an elongated circle labeled "Finish."

Step 3: Double-Check the Process

When you've completed your flow chart, go back to the start and try it out to make sure that you
haven't overlooked anything.

Step 4: Challenge the Flow Chart

Finally, you might want to improve the process rather than just record it. So, see whether any of the
steps that you've described are unnecessary or overly complicated.

Key Points
Flow charts are simple diagrams that map out a process, so that you can easily communicate it to other
people. You can also use them to define and analyze a process, build a step-by-step picture of it, and
then standardize or improve it.
To draw a flow chart, identify the tasks and decisions that you make during a process, and write them
down in order.
Then, arrange these steps in the flow chart format, using the appropriate symbols.
Finally, check and challenge your flow chart to make sure that it accurately represents the process, and
that it shows the most efficient way of doing the job.