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Problem Set Activity No.2 - Data Models

This document contains a chapter about data modeling from a textbook. It discusses the importance of data modeling, defines business rules and how they relate to data modeling components. It also describes the basic features of relational data models and how they benefit users and designers. Entity relationship diagrams are described as helping to produce more structured relational database designs. The three types of relationships - one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many - are defined and examples are provided. The chapter concludes with problems applying the concepts to example business scenarios and data models.

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Adrian James Apuli
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264 views6 pages

Problem Set Activity No.2 - Data Models

This document contains a chapter about data modeling from a textbook. It discusses the importance of data modeling, defines business rules and how they relate to data modeling components. It also describes the basic features of relational data models and how they benefit users and designers. Entity relationship diagrams are described as helping to produce more structured relational database designs. The three types of relationships - one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many - are defined and examples are provided. The chapter concludes with problems applying the concepts to example business scenarios and data models.

Uploaded by

Adrian James Apuli
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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FULLNAME (SN, FN MI) / FULLNAME (SN, FN MI) [DATE]

CHAPTER 2: DATA MODELS

A. REVIEW QUESTIONS

1. Discuss the importance of data modeling.


- A data model is a relatively simple representation, usually graphical, of a more
complex real world object event. The data model’s main function is to help us
understand the complexities of the real-world environment. The database
designer uses data models to facilitate the interaction among designers,
application programmers, and end users. In short, a good data model is a
communications device that helps eliminate (or at least substantially reduce)
discrepancies between the database design’s components and the real world
data environment. The development of data models, bolstered by powerful
database design tools, has made it possible to substantially diminish the
database design error potential.

2. What is a business rule, and what is its purpose in data modeling?


- A business rule is a brief, precise, and unambigous description of a policy,
procedure, or principle within a specific organization’s environment. In a sense,
business rules are misnamed: they apply to any organization -- a business, a
government unit, a religious group, or a research laboratory; large or small -- that
stores and uses data to generate information.
Properly written business rules are used to define entities, attributes,
relationships, and constraints. Because these components form the basis for a
database design, the careful derivation and definition of business rules is crucial
to good database design.

3. How do you translate business rules into data model components?


- As a general rule, a noun in a business rule will translate into an entity in the
model, and a verb (active or passive) associating nouns will translate into a
relationship among the entities. For example, the business rule “a customer may
generate many invoices” contains two nouns (customer and invoice) and a verb
(“generate”) that associates them

ASST. PROF. RONINA C. TAYUAN 1


FULLNAME (SN, FN MI) / FULLNAME (SN, FN MI) [DATE]

4. Describe the basic features of the relational data model and discuss their importance
to the end user and the designer.

The three languages were:

1. The DDL (schema) constitutes the Data Definition Language for the
database schema. The DDL's use enabled the database administrator to define the
database schema, i.e., its over-all blueprint.
2. The DDL (subschema) allows the definition of the specific database
components that will be used by each application.
3. The DML is the Data Manipulation Language that allows us to
manipulate the database contents.

Standardization is important to users and designers because it allows them to shift from one
commercial application to another with little trouble when they operate at the logical level.

5. Explain how the entity relationship (ER) model helped produce a more structured
relational database design environment.
- An entity relationship model, also known as an ERM, helps identify the database's
main entities and their relationships. Because the ERM components are
graphically represented, their role is more easily understood. Using the ER
diagram, it’s easy to map the ERM to the relational database model’s tables and
attributes. This mapping process uses a series of well-defined steps to generate
all the required database structures

6. What is a relationship, and what three types of relationships exist? (11)


- A relationship is an association among (two or more) entities. Three types of
relationships exist: one-to-one (1:1), one-to-many (1:M), and many-to-many (M:N
or M:M.)
7. Give an example of each of the three types of relationships. (12)
- 1:1 An academic department is chaired by one professor; a professor may chair
only one academic department.

1:M A customer may generate many invoices; each invoice is generated by one
customer.

M:N An employee may have earned many degrees; a degree may have been
earned by many employees.

ASST. PROF. RONINA C. TAYUAN 1


FULLNAME (SN, FN MI) / FULLNAME (SN, FN MI) [DATE]

B. PROBLEM SOLUTIONS

A. PROBLEM 1

1.1 Write the business rules that governs the relationship between AGENT and
CUSTOMER.
- Given the data in the two tables, you can see that an AGENT – through
AGENT_CODE -- can occur many times in the CUSTOMER table. But each
customer has only one agent. Therefore, the business rules may be written as
follows: One agent can have many customers. Each customer has only one agent.
Given these business rules, you can conclude that there is a 1:M relationship
between AGENT and CUSTOMER
1.2 Create the basic Crow’s Foot ERD.

ASST. PROF. RONINA C. TAYUAN 1


FULLNAME (SN, FN MI) / FULLNAME (SN, FN MI) [DATE]

B. PROBLEM 2

2.1 Identify each relationship type and write all the business rules.
2.2 Create the basic Crow’s Foot ERD for DealCo.

ASST. PROF. RONINA C. TAYUAN 1


FULLNAME (SN, FN MI) / FULLNAME (SN, FN MI) [DATE]

C. PROBLEM 3

3.1 Describe the relationships (identify the business rules) depicted in the ERD here.

D. PROBLEM 4

Create a Crow’s Foot ERD to include the following business rules for the ProdCo
company:

a. Each sales representative writes many invoices.


b. Each invoice is written by one sales representative.
c. Each sales representative is assigned to one department.
d. Each department has many sales representatives.
e. Each customer can generate many invoices.
f. Each invoice is generated by one customer.

E. PROBLEM 5

Write the business rules that are reflected in the ERD shown in Figure below. (Note
that the ERD reflects some simplifying assumptions. For example, each book is

ASST. PROF. RONINA C. TAYUAN 1


FULLNAME (SN, FN MI) / FULLNAME (SN, FN MI) [DATE]

written by only one author. Also, remember that the ERD is always read from the “1”
to the “M” side, regardless of the orientation of the ERD components.)

Fighting!!! God Bless!!!

ASST. PROF. RONINA C. TAYUAN 1

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