Scribd
Upload
117 views

CAN (Controller Area Network)

CAN is a computer network protocol and bus standard designed to allow microcontrollers and devices to communicate without a host computer. It was originally developed for automotive applications and comprises the data link layer of the OSI model. CAN is widely used in automotive and industrial applications due to its low cost, high performance, and real-time capabilities.

Uploaded by

src e-solutions
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
117 views

CAN (Controller Area Network)

CAN is a computer network protocol and bus standard designed to allow microcontrollers and devices to communicate without a host computer. It was originally developed for automotive applications and comprises the data link layer of the OSI model. CAN is widely used in automotive and industrial applications due to its low cost, high performance, and real-time capabilities.

Uploaded by

src e-solutions
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

CAN (Controller Area Network)

 CAN is a computer network protocol and bus standard designed to allow


microcontrollers and devices to communicate with each other without a host
computer
 CAN is a multi-master, asynchronous serial bus system. This CAN protocol
developed by ROBERT BOSCH GmbH in 1986.
 It was originally developed for automotive applications in Jormany in the early
1980's.
 The CAN protocol was internationally standardized in 1993 as ISO 11898-1 and
comprises the data link layer of the seven layer ISO/OSI reference model.
 Good error handling mechanism and reliability it’s data.

 CAN is one of the most dominating bus protocols. This protocol has found wide
acceptance in automotive in-vehicle applications as well as many non-automotive
due to its low cost, high performance.

CAN communication:

 CAN communication is two types:


1. Data frame transmission.
2. Remote transmission.

 It is a broadcast communication mechanism. A sender of information transmits to


all devices on the bus. All receiving devices read the message and then decide if it
is relevant to them.
 We know for whom to will data can send by using filtering mechanism. This
mechanism is done by using identifiers.

 CAN is a CSMA/CD-A, or Carrier Sense Multiple Access by Collision Detection


using Arbitration protocol. Errors can be eliminated by using this bit wise
arbitration (using NAND or AND gates).
Features:

 Short message frame sizes. Multi processing is done through priority.


 CAN is nothing but OSI model physical layers (tells about how we
communicate with wires or cables) require one or two twisted pairs to transmit
data.
 High reliability through CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Checking) and
retransmission on failure. This CRC (15 bit) provide a high level of data
integrity. All implemented on hardware.
 Network speeds of 1 Mbyte sends through CAN controller.
 CAN doesn’t send large blocks of data but it can send data without any loss.
Time taken for transmission is also less.
 It is having the nodes for real time data transmission. None of these nodes are
addressed, but specified in the form of identifier. Each node is having unique
identifier.
 By seeing identifier we know that particular node only receives the data, and
this identifier is also contains the priority of the node.
 Identifier priorities are also designed by CAN designer.
 The CAN protocol supports two message frame formats, the only essential
difference being in the length of the identifier. The “CAN base frame”
supports a length of 11 bits for the identifier and the “CAN extended frame”
supports a length of 29 bits for the identifier.
 CAN have a CSMA/CD communication protocol with collision detection.

CSMA/CD: (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection)

 Each node should wait for random amount of time to gain the access over bus.
 CSMA/CD is avoiding collisions. Even though collisions occur do AMP
(Arbitration Message Priority) quickly for reducing that. AMP is a bit wise
mechanism.
 The lowest binary value having highest priority in CAN. These priorities are
established by system designer, we can’t change these priorities.
 Bus conflict also done by bit-wise mechanism.
CAN standardization:

CAN hardware implementations cover the lower two layers of the OSI reference
model while various software solutions (higher layer protocols) cover the layers three to
seven.
We have 4 layers in CAN,
1. Application layer
2. Object layer.
3. Transport layer.
4. Physical layer.
 Object layer and transport layer functions are same as the data link layer in OSI
(Open system Interconnection) model. The data link layer is having LLC
(Logical Link Layer) and MAC (Medium Access Control). LLC is used to know
how the data should be transmitted. MAC defines to whom the data should be
give.
 Application Layer:
Application layer is decides what we will actually transmit
 Object Layer :

o Message Filtering
o Message and Status Handling

 TransferLayer:
The Transfer Layer represents the kernel of the CAN protocol. It presents
messages received to the object layer and accepts messages to be transmitted from
the object layer. The transfer layer is responsible for bit timing and
synchronization, message framing, arbitration, acknowledgment, error detection
and signaling, and fault confinement. It performs:
o Fault Confinement
o Error Detection
o Message Validation
o Acknowledgment
o Arbitration
o Message Framing
o Transfer Rate and Timing
o Information Routing

 Physical Layer
The physical layer defines how the signals are actually transmitted. Tasks include:

o Signal Level and Bit Representation


o Transmission Medium

Messages:
 Frame size is fixed.
 Whenever we want to attach to CAN need not to do external that itself doing that.
 Identifier can do message filtering.
 CAN is a multi cast mechanism (one to many (or) many to one).
Advantages of CAN:

 Is capable of providing real-time communication.

 Uses error correction and confinement, greatly helpful in noise-critical


environments.

 Uses a lossless, bitwise arbitration scheme.

 High Speeds at Low-Cost.

 Suitability for small networks.

 The protocol is designed to increase integrity of the system.

 It is designed for control – not transmission of large blocks of data.


Disadvantages of CAN:
 Wastage of time.
 The node can’t know how to discard, and then it will respond to giving any
messages. So wastage of time is occurring.
 These errors are handling by transport layer in multicasting mechanism.
Types of message frames:

 Data frame: Contains data.


Two data frames are there in it.
CAN 2.0 A is a 11 bit data identifier (Base frame format).
CAN 2.0 B is a 29 bit data identifier (Extended frame format)

 Remote frame: Generally data transmission is performed on an autonomous


basis with the data source node (e.g. a sensor) sending out a Data Frame. It is also
possible, however, for a destination node to request the data from the source by
sending a Remote Frame.

e.g.: Assume 1 is the root node and 2 is the life node. In this system
the node 2 give requests to to root node 1 for taking data from node 1 to node 2.

 Overload frame: This frame is sent by the busy CAN node to request an extra
delay between the preceding and succeeding the data frame.
Over load conditions:
1. The internal conditions of a receiver, which requires a delay
of the next data frame or remote frame
2. Detection of a dominant bit during intermission.
Types of CAN:

Basic CAN: Very limited features.

Full CAN: Expensive high performance CAN have 8-bit identifier.

Standard CAN: Only with 11-bit identifier.

Extended CAN: 11 and 29-bit identifier..

Time triggered CAN: Depending on clock signals.

Mostly we are using standard CAN type.

Models of CAN:

 Producer Consumer model:


In this producer transmits data through broadcasting mechanism to consumer
(whom will want to that particular data).
 Client server model:
The client can give a request to server then server will respond and sent that
requested service to client.
E.g.: E-mail transfer.
 Master Slave model:
The Slave will initialize by using Master (like master slave operation).
CAN data frames:

SOF (Start Of Frame)


AF (Arbitration Field)
CF (Control Field)
DF (Data field)
CRCf (Cyclic Redundancy Checking Field)
ACKf (Acheknowledgement field)
EOF (End Of Frame)
IFS (Intermission Field)

An IFS means how much time to take data from one frame to another frame.

Applications:

 Used in a broad range of embedded as well as automation control systems. It


usually links two or more micro-controller-based physical devices.

 Used in cars and truck engine control

 Factory automation

 Industrial machine control

 Lifts and escalators

 Building automation

 Non-industrial control

 Non-industrial equipment

 Maritime applications

 Avionics system network

 Medical equipments

 Environment research

You might also like